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                <text>International Emergency Nursing Vol. 57 July 2021&#13;
A cross-sectional survey of knowledge pertaining to IV fluid therapy and hyponatraemia among nurses working at emergency departments in Denmark </text>
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                <text>Introduction: Inappropriate fluid therapy may induce or worsen existing hyponatraemia with potentially life-threatening consequences. Nurses have an important role in assisting physicians in IV fluid prescribing. However, research is lacking in Denmark about nurses’ knowledge pertaining to IV fluid therapy and hyponatraemia. &#13;
Methods: An explorative cross-sectional survey was performed among Danish emergency department nurses in Spring 2019. Knowledge about IV fluid therapy was assessed for three common clinical scenarios, and multiple-choice questions were used to measure knowledge about hyponatraemia. &#13;
Results: 112 nurses responded to all scenario questions corresponding to 6.2% (112/1815) of the total population&#13;
of nurses working at emergency departments in Denmark. In two of the three scenarios, a minority of nurses&#13;
&#13;
(8–10%) inappropriately selected hypotonic fluids. Nearly one third (31%) selected a hypotonic fluid for a pa-&#13;
tient with meningitis, which is against guideline recommendations. The study revealed limited knowledge about&#13;
&#13;
severe symptoms of hyponatraemia, patients at high risk, and hyperglycaemia-induced hyponatraemia.&#13;
Conclusion: In accordance with guideline recommendation, the majority of nurses did not select hypotonic fluids&#13;
in three clinical scenarios commonly encountered in the emergency department. However, when setting up an&#13;
educational program, further awareness is needed regarding symptoms of hyponatraemia, high-risk patients, and&#13;
hyperglycaemia-induced hyponatraemia.</text>
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                <text>Per Sindahl, Christian Overgaard-Steensen, Helle Wallach-Kildemoes, Marie Louise De Bruin, Maj-Brit Nørregaard Kjær, Kaare Kemp, Helga Gardarsdottir </text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>International Emergency Nursing Vol. 57 July 2021</text>
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                <text>International Emergency Nursing Vol. 57 July 2021&#13;
Challenges associated with recovery from blunt thoracic injuries from hospital admission to six-months after discharge: A qualitative interview study </text>
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                <text>Background: Recovery for patients presenting to trauma services globally with blunt thoracic injury (BTI) remains challenging with substantial levels of physical, psychological socio-economic burden. The aim of this study is to examine the challenges experienced by patients with BTI from hospital admission to 6 months after hospital discharge. &#13;
Methods: Participants were recruited from trauma patients admitted with BTI and were recruited from 7 sites&#13;
across England and Wales between March and June 2019. Semistructured interviews were conducted at six months after discharge from hospital, and in total 11 interviews were undertaken. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed with reflexive thematic analysis.&#13;
Results: Two themes were identified within the data: (i) Challenges within the acute hospital admission where pain and analgesic management and the processes of investigation and treatment were the sources of most&#13;
challenges to recovery. (ii) Challenges within the post-discharge recovery journey, where managing pain at home, unidentified injuries, and mental well-being impacted most on recovery.&#13;
Conclusions: This study adds to the body of qualitative evidence surrounding recovery from major trauma and the patient experience within the recovery journey after BTI and It is important that clinicians consider the whole recovery journey as a continuous process rather than two isolated processes. </text>
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                <text>Edward Baker, Andreas Xyrichis, Christine Norton, Philip Hopkins, Geraldine Lee </text>
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                <text>International Emergency Nursing Vol. 57 July 2021</text>
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                <text>International Emergency Nursing Vol. 57 July 2021&#13;
Challenges of an ‘infodemic’: Separating fact from fiction in a pandemic (Editorial)</text>
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                <text>The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted on all aspects of our lives due to transmission via air droplet in close contact, with nearly 3.5 million deaths and over 167 m cases worldwide [1]. The spread of misinformation has been magnified during the COVID-19 crisis with issues such as wearing a face mask to reduce transmission being politicised. We have all had to rapidly adapt, and particularly for healthcare professionals, how we interpret and convey information about the virus and in particular how the vaccines have the potential to impact on the trajectory of the virus and the public’s response. As the emergency department is often the first place those who are ill turn to, emergency professionals have been at the forefront. </text>
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                <text>Zareen Bheekhun, Geraldine Lee, Silvia Camporesi</text>
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&#13;
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Editorial Board&#13;
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Facilitators, barriers and opportunities in workplace wellbeing: A national survey of emergency department staff </text>
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                <text>Introduction: Emergency department (ED) staff face daily exposure to the illness, injury, intoxication, violence and distress of others. Rates of clinician burnout are high and associated with poor patient outcomes. This study sought to measure the prevalence of burnout in ED personnel as well as determine the important facilitators of and barriers to workplace wellbeing.&#13;
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Results: The three key themes that characterise what matters most to participants’ workplace wellbeing are: (1) Supportive team culture (2) Delivering excellent patient-centred care and (3) Professional development opportunities. Opportunities to improve wellbeing also focused on enhancements in these three areas. &#13;
Conclusion: In order to optimise workplace wellbeing, emergency departments staff value adequate resourcing for&#13;
high-quality patient care, supportive and cohesive teams and professional development opportunities. Initiatives&#13;
in these areas may facilitate staff wellbeing as well as improving safety and quality of patient care.</text>
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                <text>Natalie Anderson, Fofoa Pio, Peter Jones, Vanessa Selak, Eunicia Tan, Sierra Beck, Suzanne Hamilton , Alice Rogan, Kim Yatesi, Mark Sagarin, Adam McLeay, Alistair MacLean, Eugene Fayerberg, Luke Hayward, Arthur Chiang, Alastair Cadzow, Natalie Cadzow, Suzanne Moran, Mike Nicholls </text>
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                <text>International Emergency Nursing Vol. 57 July 2021</text>
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                <text>International Emergency Nursing Vol. 57 July 2021&#13;
Fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) as pain treatment in older persons with suspected hip fractures in prehospital emergency care – A comparative pilot study </text>
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                <text>Background: Older persons with a suspected hip fracture and suffering &#13;
considerable pain are common patients in the emergency medical services (EMS). Pain treatment needs to be improved and fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) can be one option. The purpose of this paper was to analyse prehospital pain in patients with a suspected hip fracture under EMS care and to compare standard treatment and FICB.&#13;
Methods: An evaluation of a retrospective case-control study comprising 135 patients from a pilot project with FICB in an EMS organisation in Sweden. The control patients were matched with FICB patients. Pain was assessed on the arrival of the EMS and on arrival in hospital. &#13;
Results: In all, 27 patients received FICB and 108 had standard pain treatment. There was a significant reduction in pain in both groups. However, there was a more marked reduction in pain among patients who received FICB than in the control group. So, for static pain, 56% experienced a reduction in pain in the FICB group versus 30% among controls (p &lt; 0.01). The corresponding values for dynamic pain were 85% and 59% (p &lt; 0.01). &#13;
Conclusion: FICB can be a good supplement to standard prehospital pain treatment in patients with suspected hip fractures. </text>
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                <text>Par  ̈ Wennberg, Thea Hillberg Hornfeldt, Susanna Stål, Johan Herlitz , Joakim Bjorås, Glenn Larsson</text>
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                <text>International Emergency Nursing Vol. 57 July 2021</text>
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How do nurses better predict outcomes for adult COVID-19 patients receiving nasal high flow therapy in the emergency care setting? Contemporary issues)</text>
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                <text>The adoption of nasal high flow therapy (NHF) as a form of respiratory support (RS) has steadily increased, particularly since the emergence of COVID-19. Formally RS of the spontaneously breathing adult &#13;
patient was achieved using non invasive ventilation (NIV) or conventional oxygen therapy (COT)). Today RS includes the option of NHF therapy. Nasal high flow therapy is used in various clinical settings, including the busy Emergency Care (EC) where it is regarded as a feasible RS option. In patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) reliable evidence credits NHF use with a possibly lower mortality rate (HR 2.50 (95% CI, 1.31 to 4.78) non-invasive ventilation versus NHF (P=0.006)) [2], this evidence has driven changes to patient care [7]. Whereby based on degree of hypoxemia: mild ARF is (200 mm Hg &lt;PaO2/FIO2 ≤ 300 mm Hg), moderate (100 mm Hg &lt; PaO2/FIO2 ≤ 200 mm Hg), and severe (PaO2/FIO2 ≤ 100 mm Hg) [9]. Emergency Care Nurses are motivated to improve the prediction of outcomes for those receiving NHF therapy. Nurses in EC appreciate that any delay in care escalation is associated with an increase in poor outcomes such as&#13;
mortality, increased length of hospital stay, and cost [5]. Unstable EC patients require close monitoring and assessment to ensure timely escalation and possible intubation, including those receiving NHF therapy. Additionally, EC nurses should be aware of NHF therapy's potential to mask symptoms such as unstable oxygen saturations, blurring the diagnostic process. </text>
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                <text>International Emergency Nursing Vol. 57 July 2021&#13;
Inequalities and short-term outcome among patients assessed as non urgent&#13;
in a Swedish ambulance service setting </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16984">
                <text>Emergency medical services, Non conveyance, Nursing assessment, Pre-hospital care </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16985">
                <text>Background: Within the ambulance service, assessment and referral of patients, especially those with non urgent conditions, is a difficult and complicated task. Studies indicate that 12 to 20 percent of all patients are subjected to non-conveyance and discharged at the scene. There is lack of knowledge of what characterizes conveyed and non-conveyed patients. The aim of this study was to explore non-urgent patients who are conveyed or not conveyed to hospital and the short-term outcome of non conveyance in a Swedish Ambulance Service setting.&#13;
Methods: This study has a descriptive, cross-sectional design. All patients who were prioritized as non-urgent&#13;
were eligible for the study and 1,048 patients were followed-up in an administrative data system that stores&#13;
information about the patients’ trajectory in both primary and hospital care.&#13;
Results: More women than men were subjected to non-conveyance and most of the non-conveyed patients were left at home out-of-hours. 53% sought care again within 72 h. A large proportion of the non-conveyed patients were assessed as having unspecific symptoms. &#13;
Conclusions: There are prominent gender differences in the context of non-conveyance where unspecific symptoms seem to be the main reason for being left at home. As many of the non-conveyed patients who did not&#13;
receive any advice about further investigation or intervention sought care again within 72 h, the assessments may be insufficient or inaccurate. </text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16986">
                <text>Lena Forsell, Anna Forsberg, Annika Kisch, Andreas Rantala </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16987">
                <text>Elsevier Ltd.</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16988">
                <text>July 2021</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16989">
                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16990">
                <text>1755-599X</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16991">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16992">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Text</text>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16994">
                <text>International Emergency Nursing Vol. 57 July 2021</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="2018">
        <name>Emergency medical services</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2017">
        <name>Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2933">
        <name>Non conveyance</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2934">
        <name>Nursing assessment</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2226">
        <name>Pre-hospital care</name>
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