1 10 11 https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/55d7f18363856572ac397198c23cb244.pdf cde66077295db2f667bd8086255faa1e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 9 issue 4 2019 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol.9 issue.4 2019 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Cross-sectional survey on occupational needle stick injuries amongst prehospital emergency medical service personnel in Johannesburg Subject The topic of the resource Emergency Medical Services percutaneous injury EMS needle stick injury HIV post exposure prophylaxis Description An account of the resource Introduction: Prehospital personnel are exposed to challenging situations that place them at increased risk of sustaining a needle stick injury (NSI). Blood borne infections such as HIV and Hepatitis B or C may be trans- mitted from a NSI. Sub-Saharan Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV globally. There is no data pertaining to NSI among Emergency Medical Service (EMS) personnel in South Africa. This study aimed to investigate the cumulative incidence, knowledge, attitudes and practices pertaining to NSIs amongst a select group of prehospital personnel in Johannesburg. Methods: This was a prospective, questionnaire based, cross-sectional survey of personnel employed at three EMS service providers in Johannesburg. Results: Of the 240 subjects that participated in the study, there was a total of 93 NSIs amongst 63 (26.3%) subjects. Of these, 41 (65.1%) had sustained one previous NSI, 16 (25.4%) had two NSIs, 5 (7.9%) had three NSIs and one (1.6%) had five NSIs. Almost two-thirds (n = 60; 64.5%) of NSIs were sustained during intravenous line insertion. Most of the study subjects were male (n = 145, 60.4%), between the age of 25–29 years (n = 67, 27.9%), had a BLS qualification as the highest level of training (n = 89, 37.1%), had > 10 years of EMS ex- perience (n = 69; 28.8%) and were up to date with their Hepatitis B vaccination at the time of the study. HIV post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) was initiated in 82 (88.2%) out of the 93 NSI incidents. However, the re- commended 28-day course of therapy was only completed in 68 (82.9%) out of the 82 cases where PEP was initiated. Conclusion: Prehospital personnel are at risk of sustaining a NSI. There is a need to promote awareness with regards to the risks, preventive measures, awareness of PEP protocols and the timely initiation and completion of HIV PEP amongst EMS personnel in Johannesburg. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jared McDowall, Abdullah E. Laher Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2019.08.001 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 14 August 2019 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource PERI IRAWAN Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Emergency Medical Services percutaneous injury EMS needle stick injury HIV post exposure prophylaxis Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/289c541cc57c83dd676aef4c7de255a7.pdf 0e9e64460810e9d6310f887d568d246b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 9 issue 4 2019 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol.9 issue.4 2019 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Evaluating trauma scoring systems for patients presenting with gunshot injuries to a district-level urban public hospital in Cape Town, South Africa Subject The topic of the resource Trauma Severity Prediction Mortality South Africa Gunshot Description An account of the resource Introduction: Trauma scoring systems are widely used in emergency settings to guide clinical decisions and to predict mortality. It remains unclear which system is most suitable to use for patients with gunshot injuries at district-level hospitals. This study compares the Triage Early Warning Score (TEWS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS), Kampala Trauma Score (KTS) and Revised Trauma Score (RTS) as predictors of mortality among patients with gunshot injuries at a district-level urban public hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: Gunshot-related patients admitted to the resuscitation area of Khayelitsha Hospital between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2017 were retrospectively analysed. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to determine the accuracy of each score to predict all-cause in-hospital mortality. The odds ratio (with 95% confidence intervals) was used as a measure of association. Results: In total, 331 patients were included in analysing the different scores (abstracted from database n = 431, excluded: missing files n = 16, non gunshot injury n = 10, < 14 years n = 1, information incomplete to cal- culate scores n = 73). The mortality rate was 6% (n = 20). The TRISS and KTS had the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC), 0.90 (95% CI 0.83-0.96) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.79–0.94), respectively. The KTS had the highest sensitivity (90%, 95% CI 68-99%), while the TEWS and RTS had the highest specificity (91%, 95% CI 87–94% each). Conclusions: None of the different scoring systems performed better in predicting mortality in this high-trauma burden area. The results are limited by the low number of recorded deaths and further studies are needed. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Amalia Liljequist Aspelund, Mohamed Quraish Patel, Lisa Kurland, Michael McCaul, Daniël Jacobus van Hoving Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2019.07.004 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 24 July 2019 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource PERI IRAWAN Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan Trauma Severity Prediction Mortality South Africa Gunshot https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/4ff4342c6b5da32848a64dd93a8315b3.pdf f41189b915ab45fb0c346d4a1c5b8c9d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 9 issue 4 2019 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol.9 issue.4 2019 African Journal of Emergency Medicine For the students, by the students: Student perceptions of low cost medical moulage in a resource-constrained environment☆ Subject The topic of the resource Simulation Fidelity Moulage Description An account of the resource Introduction: Simulation-based learning affords participants the opportunity to practice high-acuity, low-in- cidence situations without risk to the patient. The realism of a simulated scenario is often referred to as fidelity. High levels of fidelity imply high levels of realism. One method of enhancing fidelity is the use of moulage. Commercially available moulage kits and professionally applied moulage are often expensive and therefore not practical in the resource-constrained environment. Cost-effective alternatives are required for the resource- constrained environment. Methods: Students at a South African university used readily available, low cost materials to apply self-con- structed, low cost moulage for a bandaging practical. A cross sectional design used a purpose-designed, validated questionnaire to gather data related to face and content validity of the self-constructed moulage. Frequency analysis formed the cornerstone of Likert-type quantitative data analysis. An open-ended question afforded participants the opportunity to express their own opinions related to the moulage experience. Results: The results revealed that there was both high face validity and high content validity of the self-con- structed moulage. Participants found the activity enjoyable and a generally positive learning experience. The self-constructed moulage was realistic and added to the fidelity of the scenario. Participant confidence was improved and their engagement in the learning activity was enhanced. Participants found the self-constructed, low-cost moulage more realistic that commercial products that they had been exposed to. Conclusion: The use of low-cost, self-constructed moulage is a feasible and economically viable means of en- hancing fidelity within the resource-constrained simulation setting. This technique is not necessarily limited to emergency medical care and can be used in other areas of healthcare simulation. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Andrew William Makkink, Helen Slabber Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2019.08.003 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 31 August 2019 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource PERI IRAWAN Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan Simulation Fidelity Moulage https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/30a45b147dc177b45e25e5a4c9fffba5.pdf aacfbe2d720f85bfe50438f24ddf32bb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 9 issue 4 2019 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol.9 issue.4 2019 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Identifying quality indicators for prehospital emergency care services in the low to middle income setting: The South African perspective Subject The topic of the resource Emergency medical service Quality indicators Patient safety South Africa Description An account of the resource Introduction: Historically, performance within the Prehospital Emergency Care (PEC) setting has been assessed primarily based on response times. While easy to measure and valued by the public, overall, response time targets are a poor predictor of quality of care and clinical outcomes. Over the last two decades however, sig- nificant progress has been made towards improving the assessment of PEC performance, largely in the form of the development of PEC-specific quality indicators (QIs). Despite this progress, there has been little to no de- velopment of similar systems within the low- to middle-income country setting. As a result, the aim of this study was to identify a set of QIs appropriate for use in the South African PEC setting. Methods: A three-round modified online Delphi study design was conducted to identify, refine and review a list of QIs for potential use in the South African PEC setting. Operational definitions, data components and criteria for use were developed for 210 QIs for inclusion into the study. Results: In total, 104 QIs reached consensus agreement including, 90 clinical QIs, across 15 subcategories, and 14 non-clinical QIs across two subcategories. Amongst the clinical category, airway management (n = 13 QIs; 14%); out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (n = 13 QIs; 14%); and acute coronary syndromes (n = 11 QIs; 12%) made up the majority. Within the non-clinical category, adverse events made up the significant majority with nine QIs (64%). Conclusion: Within the South Africa setting, there are a multitude of QIs that are relevant and appropriate for use in PEC. This was evident in the number, variety and type of QIs reaching consensus agreement in our study. Furthermore, both the methodology employed, and findings of this study may be used to inform the develop- ment of PEC specific QIs within other LMIC settings. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ian Howard, Peter Cameron, Lee Wallis, Maaret Castrén, Veronica Lindström Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2019.07.003 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 24 July 2019 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource PERI IRAWAN Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource INDONESIA Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Emergency medical service Quality indicators Patient safety South Africa Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/5171b984a223f069a18ae60057d77a10.pdf fdf60c4fbd1da3a3c00bd8ae606bfd36 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 9 issue 4 2019 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol.9 issue.4 2019 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Implementation of electronic medical records at an Emergency Medicine Department in Tanzania: The information technology perspective Subject The topic of the resource Emergency Department Information System (EDIS) EMD: Emergency Medicine Department Emergency Medical Record (EMR) Hospital Management System (HMS) Description An account of the resource In 2015, the Emergency Medicine Department at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) installed and implemented the first Electronic Medical Record (EMR) tailored to the emergency centre (EC). The EMR deployed was de- signed for emergency centre use only (Emergency Department Information System (EDIS)) and linked with the existing EMR that focused on registration and billing. This very collaborative experience can be used as a re- ference to share the many lessons learnt by all, including hospital management, EC staff, private funders and EMR vendors. The IT Project Plan was developed to make sure steps were followed for EDIS implementation. This included the IT plan documents, specific user requirements, development of a Memorandum of Understanding and user manuals. Super key users were identified among the staff during the training and they helped to empower staff, consolidate knowledge and share the workload. Several challenges have been over- come, including when the power was not regulated so an automatic generator and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) devices installed to protect all computers. Providers were primarily a very novice group of computer users and many had little to no computer experience so were taught both basic computing skills and EDIS specific tasks. Trained staff were moved around the hospital and a lot of time was taken up training new staff, so discussion with hospital management led to retention of staff in the EC. Specific templates have been introduced to ensure adequate minimum documentation. However, even with these, clinical notes are often very brief and we are searching for further mechanisms to improve this. Hospitals in low-resource settings considering the implementation of an EMR should ensure that a comprehensive plan is in place that involves significant staff training, improvement of existing, or installation of new information technology systems, ongoing ICT support and funds for unforeseen issues and ongoing maintenance. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ramadhani Jumanne Mashoka, Brittany Murray, Upendo George, Natalia Lobue, Juma Mfinanga, Hendry Sawe, Libby White Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2019.07.002 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 21 July 2019 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource PERI IRAWAN Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Emergency Department Information System (EDIS) EMD: Emergency Medicine Department Emergency Medical Record (EMR) Hospital Management System (HMS) Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/65d55252ec2571e25a8f142b282fa6c0.pdf 418ba73a847070c3df160b0a0016214a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 9 issue 4 2019 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol.9 issue.4 2019 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Looking back over a decade with the African Journal of Emergency Medicine Subject The topic of the resource African Journal of Emergency Medicine Description An account of the resource Nine years ago, I wrote an editorial for the very first issue of the African Journal of Emergency Medicine (AfJEM) [1]. In this editorial I highlighted the need for Africans to take responsibility for emergency care in Africa. Since then, emergency care has seen substantial growth on the continent. The founding of the African federation for Emergency Medicine (AFEM) a year prior to the launch of the AfJEM, spurred the formation of a handful of societies in all four corners of the continent. This led to new specialist training programmes, a decade of inter- continental and international cooperation in academia and training, and more regional societies, conferences and symposia than you can shake a stick at. It was the right time for an African emergency care journal to be founded. And how we have grown since: in 2012 only 16,186 downloads were recorded for the year. But by 2018 it was 20 times higher at 327,894 downloads for the year (Fig. 1). We have been indexed in both PubMed Central and Emerging Sources Citation Index. Two special is- sues have been published (paediatrics in 2017 and injury in 2019) we are working on two more special issues: emergency care systems and research. The International Federation for Emergency Medicine is guest editing a research special issue which has brought together a large number of global health academics in collaboration with African aca- demics to describe research methods for low- and middle-income countries. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource EDITORIAL Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2019.11.002 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 2019 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource PERI IRAWAN Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource INDONESIA Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT African Journal of Emergency Medicine Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/04886f5ae8e29a4f7f47eaab44631d49.pdf 65492cd567392b13bef058b32cc62f42 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 9 issue 4 2019 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol.9 issue.4 2019 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Nervous breakdown! A registry of nerve blocks from a South African emergency centre Subject The topic of the resource Nerve blocks Pain Emergency centre Emergency department Regional anaesthesia Description An account of the resource Introduction: Nerve blocks are commonplace in the operating theatre and have recently made their way into emergency centres as a viable alternative to traditional methods of analgesia. Their use and safety has been documented for a variety of pathologies and it has been shown that they spare opioids and shorten time to discharge. No data exists on their use in South Africa. The purpose of this study was to analyse data from an existing nerve block registry from an emergency centre in South Africa. Methods: The study was a retrospective, descriptive analysis of a nerve block registry from an academic emer- gency centre in Johannesburg, South Africa from May 2016 to September 2017. Results: There were 168 nerve blocks performed by 36 different operators of varying experience. The most common indication was for fracture management and the most frequently performed blocks were femoral 3-in-1 (44.6%), pop-sciatic (16.7%) and forearm-ultrasound nerve blocks (16.7%). Ultrasound guidance was used in 88.6% of the blocks. The average time taken to perform a nerve block was 10 min. The success rate was 91.8%. None of the variables analysed (i.e., operator experience, type of nerve block performed, time taken to perform the nerve block, ultrasound guidance, amount of anaesthetic used and time taken to evaluate outcome) had any effect on the success rate. Conclusion: This study illustrates the use of nerve blocks as an effective, safe and timeous analgesic solution to a wide variety of musculoskeletal injuries in an academic emergency centre in South Africa. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jenna Snyman, Lara Nicole Goldstein Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2019.05.006 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 30 May 2019 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource PERI IRAWAN Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan Nerve blocks Pain Emergency centre Emergency department Regional anaesthesia https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/94c5f3cc517c104a6f2d4a20d8e0cfb5.pdf 240937921e2af38e45a2843889f29790 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 9 issue 4 2019 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol.9 issue.4 2019 African Journal of Emergency Medicine The burden of acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, and stroke among emergency department admissions in Tanzania: A retrospective observational study Subject The topic of the resource Acute coronary syndrome Heart failure Stroke Sub-Saharan Africa Description An account of the resource Introduction: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa is substantial and growing. Much remains to be learned about the relative burden of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), heart failure, and stroke on emergency departments and hospital admissions. Methods: A retrospective chart review of admissions from September 2017 through March 2018 was conducted at the emergency department of a tertiary care center in northern Tanzania. Stroke admission volume was compared to previously published data from the same hospital and adjusted for population growth. Results: Of 2418 adult admissions, heart failure and stroke were the two most common admission diagnoses, accounting for 294 (12.2%) and 204 (8.4%) admissions, respectively. ACS was uncommon, accounting for 9 (0.3%) admissions. Of patients admitted for heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension was the most commonly identified etiology of heart failure, cited in 124 (42.2%) cases. Ischemic heart disease was cited as the etiology in only 1 (0.3%) case. Adjusting for population growth, the annual volume of stroke admissions increased 70-fold in 43 years, from 2.9 admissions per 100,000 population in 1974 to 202.2 admissions per 100,000 in 2017. Conclusions: The burden of heart failure and stroke on hospital admissions in Tanzania is substantial, and the volume of stroke admissions is rising precipitously. ACS is a rare diagnosis, and the distribution of cardiovascular disease phenotypes in Tanzania differs from what has been observed outside of Africa. Further research is needed to ascertain the reasons for these differences. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Julian T. Hertz, Francis M. Sakita, Alexander T. Limkakeng, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Lambert T. Appiah, John A. Bartlett, Sophie W. Galson Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2019.07.001 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 12 July 2019 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource PERI IRAWAN Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Acute coronary syndrome Heart failure Stroke Sub-Saharan Africa Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/80a31234d4bd117862cf71daf97ef136.pdf 500330bf05b5c3b8fe2905fc5b088450 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 9 issue 4 2019 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol.9 issue.4 2019 African Journal of Emergency Medicine The preventability of trauma-related death at a tertiary hospital in Ghana: a multidisciplinary panel review approach Subject The topic of the resource Emergency medicine Ghana Trauma care Tertiary care Ghana Structured panel review Trauma-related death Description An account of the resource Introduction: The purpose of the study was to determine the preventable trauma-related death rate (PDR) at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana three years after initiation of an Emergency Medicine (EM) residency Method: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study. A multidisciplinary panel of physicians completed a structured implicit review of clinical data for trauma patients who died during the period 2011 to 2012. The panel judged the preventability of each death and the nature of inappropriate care. Categories were definitely preventable (DP), possibly preventable (PP), and not preventable (NP). Results: 1) The total number of cases was forty-five; 36 cases had adequate data for review. Subjects were predominately male; road traffic injury (RTI) was the leading mechanism of injury. Four cases (11.1%) were DP, 14 cases (38.9%) were PP and 18 (50%) were NP. Hemorrhage was the leading cause of death (39%). Among DP/PP deaths there were 37 instances of inappropriate care. Delay in surgical intervention was the predominate event (50%). 2) The PDR for this study was 50% (0.95 CI, 33.7%–66.3%) Conclusion: Fifty percent of trauma deaths were DP/PP. Multiple episodes of varying types of inappropriate care occurred. More efficient surgical evaluation and appropriate treatment of hemorrhage could reduce trauma morality. Large amounts of missing and incomplete clinical data suggest considerable selection bias. A major implication of this study is the importance of having a robust, prospective trauma registry to collect clinical information to increase the number of cases for review. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rockefeller A. Oteng, Daniel Osei-Kwame, Maysel Stella E. Forson-Adae, Kwame Ekremet,Hussein Yakubu, Bernard Arhin, Ronald F. Maio Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2019.08.002 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 26 August 2019 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource PERI IRAWAN Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Emergency medicine Ghana Trauma care Tertiary care Ghana Structured panel review Trauma-related death Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/3d858513000d330889090910ba859ee1.pdf e8570814b05fd033fddeae04af8eb9bf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 9 issue 4 2019 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol.9 issue.4 2019 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Triage conducted by lay-staff and emergency training reduces paediatric mortality in the emergency department of a rural hospital in Northern Mozambique Subject The topic of the resource Emergency care Triage Critical ill children Africa ETAT Task-shifting Description An account of the resource Introduction: The majority of emergency paediatric death in African countries occur within the first 24 h of admission. A coloured triage system is widely implemented in high-income countries and the emergency triage and assessment treatment (ETAT) is recommended by the World Health Organization, but not put into practice in Mozambique. We implemented a three-colour triage system in a rural district hospital with lay-staff workers conducting the first triage. Methods: A retrospective, before and after, mortality analysis was performed using routine patient files from the district hospital between 2014 and 2017. The triage system was implemented in August 2016. Inclusion criteria were children under 15 years of age that entered the emergency centre. Primary outcome was child mortality rate. Secondary outcomes included the percentage agreement between the clinical and non-clinical staff and the duration from triage to first treatment. We used a negative binomial model in STATA 15 to compare mortality rates, and Kappa statistics to estimate the agreement between clinical and non-clinical staff. Results: 4176 admissions were included. The mortality rate ratio (MMR) was 45% lower after the start of the intervention (2016; MRR = 0.55; 0.38, 0.81; p = 0.002), compared to before. To estimate the agreement be- tween non-clinical and clinical staff, 548 (of the 671) patient files were included. The agreement was estimated at 88.7% (Kappa = 0.644; p < 0.001). The median waiting time decreased with urgency of the triage: 2 h33 for ‘green’/least serious (IQR 1 h58-3 h30), 21 min for yellow/serious (IQR 0 h10-0 h58) and nine minutes for ‘red’/ urgent (IQR 2–40 min). Conclusion: In a rural setting with nurse-led clinical care and non-clinician staff working at the triage reception, implementation of a three-coloured triage system was feasible. Triage and ETAT training was associated with a decrease of 45% of paediatric deaths. The impact on mortality, low cost, and ease of the implementation sup- ports scaling this intervention in similar settings. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johanna Dekker-Boersema, Jonas Hector, Laura Frances Jefferys, Clemência Binamo,Deavis Camilo, Gerard Muganga, Mussa Manuel Aly, Ernesto Belario Rafael Langa, Penelope Vounatsou, Michael André Hobbins Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2019.05.005 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 20 May 2019 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource PERI IRAWAN Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Emergency care Triage Critical ill children Africa ETAT Task-shifting Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan