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                <text>Cover International Emergency Nursing Vol. 68 May 2023</text>
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                <text>International Emergency Nursing Vol. 68 May 2023&#13;
Ambulance nurses’ experiences of pain management with Penthrox® in&#13;
Swedish ambulance care: A mixed method study</text>
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                <text>Background: Methoxyflurane (MTX) is an inhalation agent that has several potential benefits for limiting various types of pain in ambulance care. &#13;
Aim: To elucidate how ambulance nurses experience the characteristics of MTX in an ambulance care setting.&#13;
Method: This cross-sectional study applied a mixed-methods approach, using a questionnaire together with complementary interviews. The questionnaire survey was analyzed using descriptive statistics (10-point Likert scale and question index values [Q-IV], range: 0–1.0). The interviews were analyzed using directed content&#13;
analysis. Study results were reported following the STROBE statement.&#13;
Results: The ambulance nurses’ overall general satisfaction with the MTX concept had a median of 7.0 (IQR 5–8), corresponding to a mean Q-IV of 0.84 (very good experience). The qualitative part was divided into three categories: sense of security, patient participation, and general usefulness. The results revealed varying experiences of&#13;
usefulness, including pain-relieving effect and the possibility of patient participation. The perceived strong odor of MTX seemed to concern the ambulance nurses and their patients.&#13;
Conclusion: In general, MTX was experienced as a safe and effective analgesic. However, the experiences of the overall usefulness varied, particularly since the product had a perceived strong odor. Increasing knowledge of using MTX, could likely increase the overall usefulness.</text>
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                <text>Jonas Wihlborg, Anders Svensson, Bodil Ivarsson, Anders Johansson</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>International Emergency Nursing Vol. 68 May 2023&#13;
Can virtual reality reduce pain and anxiety in pediatric emergency care and promote positive response of parents of children? A quasi-experimental study </text>
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                <text>Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality to reduce pain and anxiety in pediatric patients during venipuncture procedure in emergency care and the behavioral response of their parents/companions.&#13;
Background: Virtual reality is being used as a source of distraction in children undergoing invasive procedures. &#13;
Methods: Quasi-experimental study with 458 children (from 2 to 15 years) who attended a pediatric emergency service from September 2019 to April 2021. An intervention based on virtual reality as a distraction method during venipuncture procedure was applied. The level of pain and anxiety of children and attitude of parents/ companions were assessed. Ordinal and binary logistic regressions were applied.&#13;
Results: A protective effect of using virtual reality was observed in the intervention group both for the absence of pain (− 4.12; 95 % CI: − 4.85 to − 3.40) and anxiety (− 1.71; 95 % CI: − 2.24 to − 1.17) in children aged between 2 and 15 years. A significant reduction in the blocking response of the accompanying parents (− 2.37; 95 % CI:&#13;
− 3.017 to − 1.723) was also observed.&#13;
Conclusions: VR is effective in reducing pain and anxiety in children during venipuncture in emergency care. A positive attitude of the parents during the invasive procedure to their children was found.</text>
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Editorial Board</text>
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