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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 10 Issue 2 2019</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 10 Issue 2 2019&#13;
Workplace Employees’ Annual Physical Checkup and During Hire on the Job to Increase Health-care Awareness Perception to Prevent Disease Risk: A Work for Policy-Implementable Option Globally (Review Article)</text>
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                <text>Physical checkup, States’ health, Organizational health, Employee’s health, Family’s health</text>
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                <text>Background: Increasing workplace health-care perception has become a major issue in the world. Most of the health-related problems are faced because of the lack of health management instruments. The level of health care can be improved through workplace health well-being regulations. The aim of the present study is to formulate a conceptual model of physical checkup.&#13;
Methods: This study applied conceptual theories and figures and used secondary data from articles and relevant websites for evaluating the validity of the study.&#13;
Results: Annual health checkup increases health-care awareness perception of states, organizations,&#13;
employees, and their families and manages the annual health record of employees, organizations, and states.</text>
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                <text>Saifullah Hakro,  Li Jinshan</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 10 Issue 2 2019</text>
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        <name>Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan</name>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 10 Issue 2 2019&#13;
Workplace Diesel Exhausts and Gasoline Exposure and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Four Nordic Countries (Original Article)</text>
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                <text>Background: Evidence on associations between occupational diesel exhaust and gasoline exposure and colorectal cancer is limited. We aimed to assess the effect of workplace exposure to diesel exhaust and gasoline on the risk of colorectal cancer.&#13;
Methods: This caseecontrol study included 181,709 colon cancer and 109,227 rectal cancer cases diag-&#13;
nosed between 1961 and 2005 in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Cases and controls were&#13;
identified from the Nordic Occupational Cancer Study cohort and matched for country, birth year, and sex. Diesel exhaust and gasoline exposure values were assigned by country-specific job-exposure matrices. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using conditional logistic regression models. The results were adjusted for physical strain at work and occupational exposure to benzene, formaldehyde, ionizing radiation, chlorinated hydrocarbons, chromium, and wood dust.&#13;
Results: Diesel exhaust exposure was associated with a small increase in the risk of rectal cancer (odds ratio 1⁄4 1.05, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.08). Gasoline exposure was not associated with colorectal cancer risk.&#13;
Conclusion: This study showed a small risk increase for rectal cancer after workplace diesel exhaust&#13;
exposure. However, this finding could be due to chance, given the limitations of the study.</text>
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                <text>Madar Talibov, Jorma Sormunen, Elisabete Weiderpass, Kristina Kjaerheim, Jan-Ivar Martinsen, Per Sparen , Laufey Tryggvadottir, Johnni Hansen, Eero Pukkala</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 10 Issue 2 2019</text>
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        <name>Diesel exhaust</name>
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        <name>Gasoline</name>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 10 Issue 2 2019&#13;
The Interplay Between Supervisor Safety Support and Occupational Health and Safety Vulnerability on Work Injury (Original Article)</text>
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                <text>Background: Workers exposed to hazards without adequate protections are at greater risk of injury and illness. Supervisor activities have also been associated with injury risk. We examined the interplay between supervisor safety support and occupational health and safety (OHS) vulnerability on workplace injury and illness.&#13;
Methods: A survey was administered to 2,390 workers employed for more than 15 hrs/week in work-places with at least five employees who had a direct supervisor. We examined the combined effects of hazard exposure with inadequate protection (OHS vulnerability) and supervisor support on workplace injury and illness, using additive interactions in log-binomial regression models.&#13;
Results: OHS vulnerability and lack of supervisor support independently increased the likelihood of&#13;
physical injuries at work. Crude and adjusted models showed that the risk of physical injury was at least 3.5 times higher among those experiencing both OHS vulnerability and a lack of supervisor support than individuals without OHS vulnerability and with a supportive direct supervisor. Workers who experienced vulnerability were at less risk if they had a supervisor who was supportive.&#13;
Conclusion: In workplaces where workers experience one or more types of OHS vulnerability, having a supportive supervisor may play an important role in reducing the risk of injury and protecting workers.</text>
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                <text>Basak Yanar, Morgan Lay, Peter M. Smith</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 10 Issue 2 2019</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 10 Issue 2 2019&#13;
Sickness Presenteeism among the Self-employed and Employed in Northwestern EuropedThe Importance of Time Demands (Original Article)</text>
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                <text>Northwestern Europe, Organizationally employed, Self-employed, Sickness presenteeism, Time demands</text>
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                <text>Background: European policymakers encourage individuals to become self-employed because it is a way to promote innovation and job creation. It can be assumed that health and well-being among the self-employed and managers in small-scale enterprises are particularly crucial in this enterprise group because the smallness of the enterprise makes its members vulnerable. Earlier studies have indicated that the self-employed have a high working pace and work for long and irregular hours, indicating that it can be difficult to stay at home because of sickness. The purpose of this study is to investigate the occurrence of sickness presenteeism among the self-employed in relation to the organizationally employed and to analyze whether any differences can be explained by higher work demands among the self-employed.&#13;
Methods: The study is based on the fifth European survey on working conditions (2010) and includes the northwestern European countries in the survey. The questions cover a wide range of topics designed to meet the European Union’s political needs. The main variables in this study are sickness presenteeism and several indicators of time demands.&#13;
Results: The results show that the self-employed report a higher level of sickness presenteeism than the employed: 52.4 versus 43.6%. All indicators of time demands are significantly related to the risk for&#13;
sickness presenteeism, also when controlling for background characteristics.&#13;
Conclusion: The results confirm that the level of sickness presenteeism is higher among the self-&#13;
employed and that high time demands are a major explanation to this.</text>
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                <text>Mikael Nordenmark, Emma Hagqvist, Stig Vinberg</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 10 Issue 2 2019&#13;
Personal Protective Equipment Availability and Utilization Among Interventionalists (Original Article)</text>
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                <text>Gender parity in the workplace, PPE availability, PPE utilization, Quality of care</text>
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                <text>Objective: This study explored personal protective equipment (PPE) availability and PPE utilization&#13;
among interventionalists in the catheterization laboratory, which is a highly contextualized workplace.&#13;
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using mixed methods. Participants (108) completed a survey. A&#13;
hyperlink was sent to the participants, or they were asked to complete a paper-based survey. Purposively selected participants (54) were selected for individual (30) or group (six) interviews. The interviews were conducted at conferences, or appointments were made to see the participants. Logistic regression analysis was performed. The qualitative data were analyzed thematically.&#13;
Results: Lead glasses were consistently used 10.2% and never used 61.1% of the time. All forms of PPE&#13;
were inconsistently used by 92.6% of participants. Women were 4.3 times more likely to report that PPE was not available. PPE compliance was related to fit and availability.&#13;
Conclusions: PPE use was inconsistent and not always available. Improving the culture of radiation&#13;
protection in catheterization laboratories is essential to improve PPE compliance with the aim of protecting patients and operators. This culture of radiation protection must include all those involved&#13;
including the users of PPE and the administrators and managers who are responsible for supplying&#13;
sufficient, appropriate, fitting PPE for all workers requiring such protection.</text>
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                <text>André Rose , William Ian Duncombe Rae</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 10 Issue 2 2019&#13;
Occupational Risks in Midwifery: From Bernardino Ramazzini to Modern Times (Short Communication)</text>
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                <text>Bernardino Ramazzini, History, Midwifery, Occupational risks</text>
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                <text>Occupational risks are often underestimated in midwifery. It is not commonly known that occupational risks were originally described by the Italian physician Bernardino Ramazzini (1633e1714) at the beginning of the 18th century. Our aim was to describe occupational risks in midwifery from Ramazzini to modern times. The original text by Bernardino Ramazzini was analyzed. A review of modern scientific articles on occupational risks in midwifery was conducted. Ramazzini identified two major occupational&#13;
risks in midwifery: infections and awkward postures. Modern literature seems to agree with his considerations, focusing on infection, use of universal protection and personal protective equipment, and musculoskeletal problems. Modern studies also evidenced posttraumatic stress disorder that was probably postulated by Ramazzini himself. The poor number of articles in literature on midwives’occupational risks shows a lack of interest toward this issue. Prevention should therefore be emphasized in this field, so high-quality studies on occupational risks in midwifery are needed.</text>
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                <text>Tommaso Bianchi, Michael Belingheri, Antonella Nespoli, Giovanni De Vito, Michele A. Riva </text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 10 Issue 2 2019&#13;
Letter to “Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Iranian Dentists: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis” (Letter to the Editor)</text>
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                <text>“Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders, Iranian&#13;
Dentists</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>We read with interest the article that was published in the Safety and Health at Work by ZakerJafari and YektaKooshali in March 2018 [1]. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in various parts of the body in Iranian dentists using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Although these results are interesting, there are some flaws in the method&#13;
and interpretation of the results. Given that the meta-analysis studies have the highest level of evidence and an essential role in evidence-based decision-making [2], it is necessary to give some&#13;
points about the mentioned study to make the results clearer. </text>
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                <text>Soheil Hassanipour</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="19254">
                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 10 Issue 2 2019</text>
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        <name>Iranian Dentists</name>
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      <tag tagId="2017">
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        <name>work-related musculoskeletal disorders</name>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 10 Issue 2 2019&#13;
Leading for Safety: A Question of Leadership Focus (Original Article)</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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                <text>Injury, Leadership, Safety compliance, Safety initiative, Workplace safety</text>
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                <text>Background: There is considerable evidence that leadership influences workplace safety, but less is&#13;
known about the relative importance of different leadership styles for safety. In addition, a leadership&#13;
style characterized by an emphasis and a focus on promoting safety has rarely been investigated&#13;
alongside other more general leadership styles.&#13;
Methods: Data were collected through a survey to which 269 employees in a paper mill company&#13;
responded. A regression analysis was conducted to examine the relative roles of transformational,&#13;
transactional (management-by-exception active; MBEA), and safety-specific leadership for different&#13;
safety behavioral outcomes (compliance behavior and safety initiative behaviors) and for minor and&#13;
major injuries.&#13;
Results: A safety-specific leadership contributed the most to the enhanced safety of the three different kinds of leadership. Transformational leadership did not contribute to any safety outcome over and above that of a safety-specific leadership, whereas a transactional leadership (MBEA) was associated with negative safety outcomes (fewer safety initiatives and increased minor injuries).&#13;
Conclusion: The most important thing for leaders aiming at improving workplace safety is to continu-&#13;
ously emphasize safety, both in their communication and by acting as role models. This highlights the importance for leadership training programs aiming to improve safety to actually focus on safety-promoting communication and behaviors rather than general leadership. Furthermore, an overly monitoring and controlling leadership style can be detrimental to attempts at achieving improved workplace safety.</text>
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                <text>Malin Mattson Molnar, Ulrica Von Thiele Schwarz, Johnny Hellgren, Henna Hasson, Susanne Tafvelin </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="19243">
                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 10 Issue 2 2019</text>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 10 Issue 2 2019</text>
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Insights Into Emissions and Exposures From Use of Industrial-Scale Additive Manufacturing Machines (Original Article)</text>
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                <text>Additive manufacturing, Material extrusion, Material jetting, Ultrafine particles, Volatile organic compounds</text>
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                <text>Background: Emerging reports suggest the potential for adverse health effects from exposure to emissions from some additive manufacturing (AM) processes. There is a paucity of real-world data on emissions from AM machines in industrial workplaces and personal exposures among AM operators.&#13;
Methods: Airborne particle and organic chemical emissions and personal exposures were characterized using real-time and time-integrated sampling techniques in four manufacturing facilities using industrial-scale material extrusion and material jetting AM processes.&#13;
Results: Using a condensation nuclei counter, number-based particle emission rates (ERs) (number/min) from material extrusion AM machines ranged from 4.1  1010 (Ultem filament) to 2.2  1011 [acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polycarbonate filaments). For these same machines, total volatile organic compound ERs (mg/min) ranged from 1.9  104 (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene and polycarbonate) to 9.4  104 (Ultem). For the material jetting machines, the number-based particle ER was higher when the lid was open (2.3  1010 number/min) than when the lid was closed (1.5e5.5  109 number/min); total volatile organic compound ERs were similar regardless of the lid position. Low levels of acetone, benzene, toluene, and m,p-xylene were common to both AM processes. Carbonyl compounds were detected; however, none&#13;
were specifically attributed to the AM processes. Personal exposures to metals (aluminum and iron) and eight volatile organic compounds were all below National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-recommended exposure levels.&#13;
Conclusion: Industrial-scale AM machines using thermoplastics and resins released particles and organic vapors into workplace air. More research is needed to understand factors influencing real-world industrial-scale AM process emissions and exposures.</text>
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                <text>A.B. Stefaniak, A.R. Johnson, S. du Preez, D.R. Hammond, J.R. Wells, J.E. Ham, R.F. LeBouf, S.B. Martin Jr., M.G. Duling, L.N. Bowers, A.K. Knepp, D.J. de Beer, J.L. du Plessis</text>
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                <text>Elsevier Korea LLC</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 10 Issue 2 2019</text>
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        <name>Additive manufacturing</name>
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      <tag tagId="2017">
        <name>Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan</name>
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        <name>Material extrusion</name>
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        <name>Material jetting</name>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 10 Issue 2 2019</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 10 Issue 2 2019&#13;
Exposure to Atmospheric Particulates and Associated Respirable Deposition Dose to Street Vendors at the Residential and Commercial Sites in Dehradun City (Original Article)</text>
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                <text>Alveolar, Deposition dose, Particulate matter, Street vendors</text>
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                <text>Background: Street vendors spend relatively more time near roadways and are vulnerable to air pollution related health disorders. However, there is limited information on the quality of the air they breathe. The objectives of this present study were to calculate the mass concentration of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in eight size fractions (PM0.4e0.7, PM0.7e1.1, PM1.1e2.1, PM2.1e3.3, PM3.3e4.7, PM4.7e5.8, PM5.8e9.0, and PM9.0-e0mm) at commercial (CML) and residential site (RSL) in Dehradun city from November 2015 to&#13;
May 2016. To estimate the corresponding respiratory deposition dose (RDDs) in alveolar (AL), tracheobronchial (TB), and head airway (HD) region on street vendors working at CML and RSL. To find the association of atmospheric PM with RDDs and the incidence of respiratory related disorders among street vendors.&#13;
Methods: Andersen cascade impactor was employed for calculating the PM mass concentration. Questionnaire based health survey among street vendors were carried out through personal interview.&#13;
Results: A significant difference (p &lt; 0.05; t-test) between the mean PM0.4-10mm mass concentration at CML and RSL was observed with (mean  SD) 84.05  14.5 and 77.23  11.7 mg m3&#13;
, respectively. RDDs in AL, TB and HD region at CML was observed to be 9.9, 7.8, and 7.3% higher than at RSL, respectively. Health survey revealed 1.62, 0.96, 0.04, and 0.57 times higher incidence of cold, cough, breathlessness, and chest pain, respectively with street vendors at CML compared to RSL.&#13;
Conclusion: The site characteristics plays a major role in the respiratory health status of street vendors at Dehradun.</text>
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                <text>Vignesh Prabhu, Sunil K. Gupta, Sandeep Madhwal, Vijay Shridhar</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 10 Issue 2 2019</text>
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