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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 11 Issue 4 2020</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 11 Issue 4 2020&#13;
Psychosocial Risks Assessment in Cryopreservation Laboratories (Original Article)</text>
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                <text>Artificial neural networks, Cryopreservation laboratories, Health and safety management, Psychosocial risks, Risk assessment</text>
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                <text>Background: Psychosocial risks are increasingly a type of risk analyzed in organizations beyond chemical, physical, and biological risks. To this type of risk, a greater attention has been given following the update of ISO 9001: 2015, more precisely the requirement 7.1.4 for the process operation environment. The update of this normative reference was intended to approximate OHSAS 18001: 2007 reference updated in 2018 with the publication of ISO 45001. Thus, the organizations are increasingly committed to achieving and demonstrating good occupational health and safety performance. &#13;
Methods: The aim of this study was to characterize the psychosocial risks in a cryopreservation labo-&#13;
ratory and to develop a predictive model for psychosocial risk management. The methodology followed to collect the information was the inquiry by questionnaire that was applied to a sample comprising 200 employees.&#13;
Results: The results show that most of the respondents are aware of the psychosocial risks, identifying interpersonal relationships and emotional feelings as the main factors that lead to this type of risks. Furthermore, terms such as lack of resources, working hours, lab equipment, stress, and precariousness show strong correlation with psychosocial risks. The model presented in this study, based on artificial neural networks, exhibited good performance in the prediction of the psychosocial risks. &#13;
Conclusion: This work presents the development of an intelligent system that allows identifying the&#13;
weaknesses of the organization and contributing to the enhancement of the psychosocial risks&#13;
management. </text>
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                <text>Ana Fernandes, Margarida Figueiredo, Jorge Ribeiro, José Neves, Henrique Vicente</text>
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                <text>Elsevier Korea LLC</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 11 Issue 4 2020</text>
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        <name>Artificial neural networks</name>
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        <name>Cryopreservation laboratories</name>
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        <name>Health and safety management</name>
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        <name>Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan</name>
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        <name>Psychosocial risks</name>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 11 Issue 4 2020</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 11 Issue 4 2020&#13;
Influences of Neck and/or Wrist Pain on Hand Grip Strength of Industrial Quality Proofing Workers (Original Article)</text>
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                <text>Carpal tunnel syndrome, Hand grip force, Neck pain</text>
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                <text>Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the interaction between neck and/or wrist pain and&#13;
hand grip strength (HGS) and to investigate factors (age, sex, neck disorders, and carpal tunnel syn-&#13;
drome) influencing the HGS of industrial quality proofing workers (N 1⁄4 145).&#13;
Methods: Standardized questionnaires [Neck Disability Index (NDI), Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire] were used to evaluate existing neck and/or wrist pain. HGS measurements were performed in different wrist positions.&#13;
Results: Significant differences between participants with and without neck pain were found in different wrist positions, in neutral wrist position right [without neck pain (n 1⁄4 48) 46.34 (43.39 - 49.30); with neck pain (n 1⁄4 97) 38.46 (36.20 - 40.72), F(1,144) 1⁄4 16.82, p &lt; 0.001, sp 2 1⁄4 0.11] and left [without neck pain 44.06 (41.19 e 46.94); with neck pain 37.36 (35.13 - 39.58), F(1,144) 1⁄4 12.70, p &lt; 0.001, sp 2 1⁄4 0.08]. A significant difference between participants with and without wrist pain was found for neutral wrist position right [without wrist pain (n 1⁄4 105) 42.53 (40.37 - 44.70); with wrist pain (n 1⁄4 40) 37.24 (33.56- 40.91), F(1,144) 1⁄4 6.41, p 1⁄4 0.01, sp 2 1⁄4 0.04]. Regression analysis showed significant results especially for steps two (age and weight, NDI) and three (age and weight, NDI, Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire) for neutral position right (R2 1⁄4 0.355, R2 1⁄4 0.357, respectively).&#13;
Conclusion: Neck pain has an impact on HGS but should be evaluated in consideration of age and sex.</text>
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                <text>Bettina Wollesen, Julia Gräf, Nils Schumacher, Gianluca Meyer, Matthias Wanstrath, Christian Feldhaus, Kerstin Luedtke, Klaus Mattes </text>
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                <text>Elsevier Korea LLC</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="20534">
                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 11 Issue 4 2020</text>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 11 Issue 4 2020</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 11 Issue 4 2020&#13;
Developing a Job Exposure Matrix of Work Organization Hazards in the United States: A Review on Methodological Issues and Research Protocol (Review Article)</text>
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                <text>epidemiology, job exposure matrix, surveillance, United States, work organization</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Background: Most job exposure matrices (JEMs) have been developed for chemical and physical hazards in the United States (US). In addition, the overall validity of most JEMs of work organization hazards using self-reported data in the literature remains to be further tested due to several methodological weaknesses.&#13;
Methods: This paper aims to review important methodological issues with regard to a JEM of work organization hazards using self-report data and to present a research protocol for developing a four-axis (job titles, hazards, sex, and time) JEM of major work organization hazards using the US General So-&#13;
cial Survey-Quality of Work-Life (GSS-QWL) data (2002e2018; N 1⁄4 7,100 workers).&#13;
Results: Five methodological weaknesses in existing JEMs of work organization hazards using self-report data were identified: having only two axes (hazard and occupation), using psychometrically weak items and scales, including scales having little interoccupational variability, unresolved optimal minimum numbers of subjects per occupation, and low accessibility. The methodological weaknesses were successfully addressed in the proposed research protocol.&#13;
Conclusion: The work organization JEM to be developed will significantly facilitate and strengthen&#13;
occupational epidemiological studies on work organization hazards and major health outcomes, improve national and occupational surveillance of work organization hazards, and promote interventions for a healthy work environment in the US.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="20498">
                <text>BongKyoo Choi</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 11 Issue 4 2020</text>
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        <name>Epidemiology</name>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 11 Issue 4 2020&#13;
Work-Related Risk Factors of Knee Meniscal Tears in Korean Farmers: A Cross-Sectional Study (Original Article)</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>agriculture, farmers, magnetic resonance imaging, meniscus, tear</text>
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                <text>Background: Meniscal tears are among the major risk factors for knee osteoarthritis progression. This&#13;
study aimed to investigate the relationship between meniscal tears and work-related factors in the&#13;
farming occupation.&#13;
Methods: The participants included 486 farmers (238 men and 248 women), aged 40e69 years, who&#13;
were among the 550 farmers registered in the Korea Farmer's Knee Cohort (KFKC). Data such as those on gender, age, body mass index (BMI), mechanical axis, cumulative heavy-lifting working time (CLWT), cumulative squatting working time (CSWT), and previous knee injury history were collected from the questionnaire, along with whole leg radiographic findings. Two radiologists assessed the magnetic resonance images of both knees to confirm the presence of meniscal tears. The factors related to meniscal tears were analyzed by multiple logistic regression.&#13;
Results: A total of 54.5% of the farmers (48.7% of men and 60.1% of women) had meniscal tears. These tears were associated with gender, age, and BMI. We also identified an association between meniscal tears and CSWT, an especially important factor in farming [10,000e19,999 working hours, odds ratio 1⁄4 2.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14-4.07, 20,000 working hours, odds ratio 1⁄4 2.35, 1.45-3.80]. However, mechanical axis, knee injury history, and CLWT were not significantly related to meniscal tears.&#13;
Conclusion: This study's findings show that squatting for long periods, as an occupational factor, is related to meniscal tears.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="20707">
                <text>Chae Young Hong, Chul Gab Lee, Dong Hwi Kim, Yong Soo Cho, Kweon Young Kim, So Yeon Ryu, Han Soo Song </text>
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Chemical Use and Associated Health Concerns in the Semiconductor Manufacturing Industry (Original Article)</text>
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                <text>Background: Research on the status of many chemicals used in the semiconductor industry is needed. The purpose of this study was to describe the overall status of chemical use in the semiconductor industry in Korea and to examine it from a health perspective.&#13;
Methods: Data on the status of chemical use and safety data sheets at 11 of 12 major semiconductor&#13;
workplaces in Korea were collected. The number of chemical products and chemical constituents,&#13;
quantities of chemicals, and trade secret ingredients used, as well as the health hazards were examined.&#13;
Results: On average, 210 chemical products and 135 chemical constituents were used at the surveyed workplaces. Among all chemical products, 33% (range: 16e56%) contained at least one trade secret ingredient. Most of the trade secret ingredients were used in the photolithography process. Several carcinogens, including sulfuric acid, chromic acid, ethylene oxide, crystalline silica, potassium dichromate, and formaldehyde were also used. Only 29% (39 of 135) of the chemical constituents had occupational exposure limits, and more than 60% had no National Fire Protection Association health, safety, and reactivity ratings. Based on the aforementioned results, this study revealed the following. First, many chemical products and constituents are being used in the semiconductor industry and many products&#13;
contained trade secret ingredients. Second, many products contained significant amounts of carcino-&#13;
genic, mutagenic, and reproductive toxicant materials.&#13;
Conclusion: We conclude that protecting workers in the semiconductor industry against harm from&#13;
chemical substances will be difficult, due to widespread use of trade secret ingredients and a lack of hazard information. The findings of the status of chemical use and the health and safety risks in semiconductor industry will contribute to epidemiological studies, safe workplace, and worker health protection. </text>
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Breaking the Culture-specific Silence of Women Glass Bead Makers in Ghana: Towards Empowerment (Original Article)</text>
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                <text>Background: The production of glass beads in Ghana is greatly impacted by the ingenuity of Ghanaian women. Preliminary investigations revealed the lack of interest on the part of women due to poor working conditions as a result of the influence of culture-specific silence. Therefore, the study investigated the poor working conditions faced by these industrious women with the ultimate goal of suggesting ways they can be empowered.&#13;
Methods: A phenomenological study was conducted in two indigenous glass bead communities in Ghana. Data were solicited via direct observations, personal interviews and focus group discussions.&#13;
Twenty-six purposively sampled respondents were recruited for the study. Data from the study were&#13;
analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.&#13;
Results: The results confirmed that the elderly women glass bead makers are much influenced by the Ghanaian culture of silence. This prevents the women from speaking about the challenges they are facing in their work. Also, the women are silenced because of the fear of losing their jobs as well as the&#13;
reluctance of their male managers to remedy the challenges they encounter in the course of work. This has resulted in poor remuneration, lack of insurance packages for workers, certification, and absence of personal protective tools for the women.&#13;
Conclusion: The study tasks the government of Ghana, the Legal Advocacy for Women in Africa (LAWA), the Fair Wages and Salaries Commission in Ghana, the Ghana Trade Union as well as the Local Government Workers' Union to empower the women to sustain the glass bead industry in Ghana.</text>
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Psychosocial Risk Management in the Teaching Profession: A Systematic Review (Review Article)</text>
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                <text>Teachers are facing various job demands with psychosocial aspects being fundamental due to the nature of the occupation. Although teachers' work is associated with different psychosocial health risks, little is known on how to identify and tackle those. Thus, a systematic literature search as per the PRISMA statement was conducted via MEDLINE (PubMed), PSYNDEX (PubPsych), and ScienceDirect. Two reviewers independently screened 2261 titles and abstracts and 169 full-texts. According to the inclusion criteria established a priori, articles from peer-reviewed journals (English or German) on psychosocial risk management in teachers were incorporated.&#13;
Despite a comprehensive and sensitive search, only four publications could be identified, outlining a&#13;
process to implement risk management and different assessment tools. Taken together, data presented in the articles were scarce.&#13;
Recommendations for process steps and the assessment of psychosocial risks can be derived from the findings. To implement effective psychosocial risk management in the teaching profession, further research is needed, though. Effective and practicable approaches, which are accepted by the target group, should be further developed and investigated. Relevant causes of occupational strain in the teaching profession must be identified and assessed reliably. Low-threshold interventions should be implemented, and the outcome must be evaluated afterward. </text>
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                <text>Background: Asbestos exposure is associated with the development of the cancer malignant mesothe-&#13;
lioma (MM). Measurement of soluble mesothelin-related protein (SMRP) has been suggested as a&#13;
method for detection of MM in its early stages. We prospectively examined SMRP levels in participants&#13;
with asbestos exposure who are a group at a high risk of development of MM.&#13;
Methods: This study was a follow-up of our cohort of 322 asbestos-exposed participants. No further&#13;
participants developed MM or malignancy over the study period. Mean follow-up time was 22.9 months.&#13;
Results: Mean (standard deviation) SMRP levels at baseline and follow-up were 0.94 (0.79) and 0.91&#13;
(0.86) nmol/L (p 1⁄4 0.1033), respectively. Mean SMRP levels of the healthy individuals exposed to asbestos at baseline was significantly lower than those of participants with asbestosis and pleural plaques alone; similar patterns were found on follow-up measurements. There was a statistically significant effect of age on serial SMRP measurements. Our study confirms higher levels in participants with nonmalignant asbestos-related disorders. Levels decreased in asbestos-related disorders other than asbestosis, where a small increase was observed. We did not detect any further cases of malignancy.&#13;
Conclusion: Monitoring programs for early detection of MM need to take into account increased SMRP levels found in benign asbestos-related diseases.</text>
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                <text>Eun-Kee Park, Anthony R. Johnson, Donald Wilson, Paul S. Thomas, Deborah H. Yates </text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 11 Issue 4 2020</text>
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Organizational Climate Effects on the Relationship Between Emotional Labor and Turnover Intention in Korean Firefighters (Original Article)</text>
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                <text>Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the combined effects of organizational climate (OC)&#13;
with emotional labor (EL) on turnover intention in Korean firefighters.&#13;
Methods: The data were obtained from the study Firefighters Research: Enhancement of Safety and&#13;
Health. A total of 4,860 firefighters whose main duty was providing “emergency medical aid” were&#13;
included. To examine the effects of OC on the relationships between five subscales of EL and turnover intention, four groups were created using various combinations of OC (“good” vs. “bad”) and EL (“normal” vs. “risk”): (1) “good” and “normal” (Group I), (2) “bad” and “normal” (Group II), (3) “good” and “risk” (Group III), and (4) “bad” and “risk” (Group IV). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the risk of turnover intention for the combinations of OC and EL.&#13;
Results: The results showed turnover intention was significantly higher in the group with “bad” OC&#13;
(17.7%) than in that with “good” OC (7.6%). Combined effects of OC and EL on turnover intention were found in all five subscales with the exception of Group I for emotional demands and regulation. Groups II, III, and IV were more likely to experience risks of turnover intention than Group I (p for trend &lt;0.001).&#13;
Conclusions: A positive and cooperative OC plays a role in decreasing the risk of turnover intention and in attenuating the negative effects of EL on turnover intention in firefighters. </text>
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                <text>Hye-Yoon Ryu, Dae-Sung Hyun, Da-Yee Jeung, Chang-Soo Kim, Sei-Jin Chang</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="20545">
                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="20547">
                <text>English</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 11 Issue 4 2020</text>
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        <name>Emotional labor</name>
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Work Conditions and Practices in Norwegian Fire Departments From 1950 Until Today: A Survey on Factors Potentially Influencing Carcinogen Exposure (Original Article)</text>
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                <text>Background: Meta-analyses have shown firefighters to be at an increased risk of several cancer types.&#13;
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Methods: With the help of a reference group, we developed a questionnaire on topics related to occupational exposure to carcinogens for the period 1950e2018. Selected Norwegian fire departments provided department-specific responses.&#13;
Results: Sixteen departments, providing fire services for 48% of the Norwegian population as of 2019 and mainly consisting of professional firefighters, responded to our questionnaire. The introduction of synthetic firefighting foams, more regular live fire training, the introduction of chemical diving, and a higher number of diesel-driven fire service vehicles were identified as changes thought to increase exposure to&#13;
occupational carcinogens. Changes thought to decrease exposure included the switch from negative to positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatuses, the use of self-contained breathing apparatuses during all phases of firefighting, the use of ventilating fans during firefighting, increased attention to flammable materials used during live fire training, increased attention to handling and cleaning of turnout gear and other equipment, and installment of exhaust removal systems in apparatus bays.&#13;
Conclusion: Norwegian fire departments' work conditions have seen several changes since 1950, and this could influence firefighters' occupational carcinogen exposure. A peak of carcinogen exposure may have occurred in the 1970s and 1980s before recent changes have reduced exposure. </text>
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                <text>Jarle Jakobsen, Ronnie Babigumira, Marie Danielsen, Tom K. Grimsrud, Raymond Olsen, Cecilie Rosting, Marit B. Veierød, Kristina Kjærheim </text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 11 Issue 4 2020</text>
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