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                  <text>Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 13 issue 2 2023</text>
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                <text>Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 13 issue 2 2023&#13;
African Journal of Emergency Medicine&#13;
Weight estimation in two groups of Ghanaian children with chronic diseases using Broselow, Mercy, PAWPER XL and PAWPER XL-MAC tapes</text>
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                <text>Weight estimation Sickle cell disease Heart/cardiac disease Broselow tape PAWPER tape Mercy tape</text>
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                <text>Introduction: The performance of various weight estimation methods in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and heart disease (HD) has not been studied. We aimed to determine and compare the accuracies of the Broselow, Mercy, PAWPER XL and PAWPER XL-MAC tapes in Ghanaian children with no known chronic diseases (controls), SCD and HD. Methods: We prospectively recruited 631 children (199 with HD, 209 SCD and 223 controls) from the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH). Their weights were estimated using the Broselow, Mercy, PAWPER XL and PAWPER XL-MAC tapes. These estimated weights were compared to measured weight using mean percentage error (MPE), the proportion of weight estimates within ± 10% (P10) and ± 20% (P20) of measured weight. Bland- Altman limits of agreement (LOA) were determined to assess the precision of weight estimation and agreement with measured weight. Results: The PAWPER XL, Mercy and PAWPER XL-MAC were the most accurate in all groups of children studied. All methods except the Broselow tape (BT), which performed best in the control group, had their best performance among children with SCD with negligible critical error rates (proportion of children with weight estimates &gt; 20% of their actual weight). The P20 in the various groups of children using the BT were 88.36%, 80.21% and 51.10% respectively in the control, SCD and HD groups. The Mercy, PAWPER XL and PAWPER XL MAC tapes were generally above 90% in all groups. Discussion: The Mercy, PAWPER XL and PAWPER XL-MAC tapes performed significantly better than the BT in all groups of children studied. These methods of weight estimation performed best in children with SCD with very little critical error.</text>
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                <text>Rafiuk Cosmos Yakubu&#13;
a ,&#13;
b ,&#13;
∗ , Vivian Paintsil&#13;
c ,&#13;
d , Samuel Blay Nguah</text>
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                <text>www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem</text>
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                <text>11 April 2023</text>
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                <text>peri irawan</text>
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        <name>Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan</name>
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        <name>Weight estimation Sickle cell disease Heart/cardiac disease Broselow tape PAWPER tape Mercy tape</name>
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                  <text>Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 13 issue 2 2023</text>
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                <text>Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 13 issue 2 2023&#13;
African Journal of Emergency Medicine&#13;
The views and experiences of candidates and graduates from a South African emergency medicine doctoral programme</text>
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                <text>Doctoral Methodology Emergency medicine Emergency care Curriculum Africa</text>
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                <text>Introduction: With the emergency medicine speciality in its nascency in Africa, EM doctoral programmes will need to be developed to facilitate the establishment of an evidence base that is responsive to the African populace. This study aimed to understand the thoughts, experiences, and opinions of current and past candidates of a South African EM PhD programme. Methods: Descriptive, qualitative, semi-structured interviews were used to gather data on PhD EM candidates and graduates. Findings: Four candidates, and four graduates were interviewed. Four categories emerged from the data 1) inter- viewees had various motivations for starting a PhD in EM, 2) candidate expectations and learning needs were not always aligned with reality, and the challenges and opportunities for success in the PhD programme are related both 3) intrinsically (candidate) and 4) extrinsically (system). Discussion: Many of the barriers noted by the participants can be related to the nascency of the EM in Africa. Par- ticipants felt underprepared for their doctorate in terms of their baseline research literacy and skill. Candidates did not receive the level of student-supervisor engagement they desired. Candidates who are also clinicians faced both academic challenges and a resource-limited healthcare system. Pre-doctoral training may upskill prospec- tive candidates in research literacy before they officially register. Distance-learning can be sub-optimal in terms of social interaction and collaboration. A well-curriculated, competency-based programme with clear outcomes, structured teaching-learning opportunities, intentional academic support throughout the programme, can mit- igate the above. Protected academic time, promotion criteria which acknowledges academic contributions, fi- nancial incentives and more joint positions between universities and clinical services are potential solutions for clinician researcher challenges. An African PhD EM programme should produce graduates who are independent researchers, skilled in academic supervision and who are impactful to African needs when contributing to the African EM knowledge economy</text>
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                <text>Craig W&#13;
a ,&#13;
∗ , Khan W&#13;
a , Rambharose S&#13;
b , Stassen W</text>
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                <text>www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem</text>
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                <text>30 March 2023</text>
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                <text>peri irawan</text>
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        <name>Doctoral Methodology Emergency medicine Emergency care Curriculum Africa</name>
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        <name>Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan</name>
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                <text>Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 13 issue 2 2023&#13;
African Journal of Emergency Medicine&#13;
Pattern of admissions and outcome in the children emergency department of a tertiary health institution in Southwestern Nigeria: A four-year review</text>
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                <text>Admissions Outcome Children Adolescents Infections</text>
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                <text>Tosin Anthony Agbesanwa&#13;
a , Adefunke Olarinre Babatola&#13;
b ,&#13;
∗ , Odunayo Adebukola Fatunla&#13;
c , Azeez Ibrahim&#13;
d , Felix O Aina&#13;
a , Ezra Olatunde Ogundare&#13;
b , Adewuyi Temidayo Adeniyi&#13;
b , Funmilayo Egbedi&#13;
e , Tinu Olubamiwa&#13;
e , Bolanle Olanipekun&#13;
e , Oladele Simeon Olatunya</text>
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        <name>Admissions Outcome Children Adolescents Infections</name>
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                <text>Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 13 issue 2 2023&#13;
African Journal of Emergency Medicine&#13;
Nurses and emergency nursing care in Botswana</text>
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                <text>Emergency nursing Primary healthcare Emergency care</text>
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                <text>The emergency nursing role is incredibly challenging in Africa, and Botswana is no exception due to the lack of qualified nursing staff, the lack of specialty training, and the demanding work environment. Botswana’s use of the primary healthcare system to provide treatment to all, including those in need of urgent care, demonstrates the necessity of integrating emergency care services into primary healthcare. Our objective with this manuscript is to demonstrate the value of emergency nursing as a specialty in Botswana.</text>
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                <text>Tebogo T Mamalelala&#13;
a ,&#13;
b ,&#13;
∗ , Kefalotse S. Dithole&#13;
a , Dorcas Basetsana Maripe-Perera</text>
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                  <text>Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 13 issue 2 2023</text>
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                <text>Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 13 issue 2 2023&#13;
African Journal of Emergency Medicine&#13;
Man-O-War simulator: a Low-cost manikin for training on chest tube&#13;
management</text>
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                <text>Simulator&#13;
Chest tube&#13;
Management&#13;
Health education&#13;
Low-cost</text>
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                <text>Simulation-based medical education is becoming a cornerstone in health education. Simulators are commonly&#13;
expensive and not available in developing countries.&#13;
We propose a very low-cost simulator that any educator can realize. We describe here the steps to follow to&#13;
develop this proposed simulator</text>
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                <text>Abdennour Nasri a , Mouna Jerbi a , Rim Karray a , Haifa Snoussi a , Amal Samet b , Aziza Talbi b ,&#13;
Hana Ksentini a , Imen Rejeb c , Olfa Chakroun-Walha a , ∗ , Noureddine Rekik</text>
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                <text>Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 13 issue 2 2023&#13;
African Journal of Emergency Medicine&#13;
Leveraging tele-mentoring and remote learning to strengthen the emergency care capacity of health workers in Uganda</text>
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                <text>Background: A robust emergency care system is a cost-effective method of reducing preventable death and dis- ability, especially in low-and middle-income countries. To scale emergency care expertise across the country, the Uganda Ministry of Health and Seed Global Health established the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) ECHO program. We describe the process of establishing the program in a resource-limited setting, best practices, and lessons learned in Uganda. Methods: Investigators conducted a mixed-methods evaluation to assess the initial 4 months’ implementation of the EMS ECHO. We conducted pre/post-program assessments of healthcare worker knowledge, self-efficacy, and professional’s satisfaction with the program. The analysis compared the differences between pre/post-test scores descriptively. Results: The EMS ECHO was initiated in November 2021. A phased curriculum was developed with the initial phase focusing on the ABCDE (Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability, and Exposure) approach to the emer- gency patient. This phase reached 2,030 health workers cumulatively across 200 health facilities. The majority of the participants were medical doctors ( n = 751, 37%), and nurses ( n = 568, 28%). Majority of participants (95%) rated the sessions as informative. On whether the ECHO sessions diminished professional isolation, 66% agreed or strongly agreed. Conclusions: Similar to other ECHO program evaluation results, Uganda’s EMS ECHO program improved knowl- edge, skills, and the development of a virtual community of practice thereby diminishing professional isolation. It also demonstrates that through a planned stepwise process, virtual learning and telementorship can be used efficiently to improve healthcare worker knowledge,skills and multiply the limited number of emergency care experts available in the country.</text>
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                <text>Irene Atuhairwe&#13;
a ,&#13;
∗ , Annet Alenyo Ngabirano&#13;
b , Bonaventure Ahaisibwe&#13;
a , Allan Nsubuga&#13;
a , Andrew Marvin Kanyike&#13;
a ,&#13;
c , Raymond Bernard Kihumuro&#13;
a ,&#13;
d , Thomas Balizzakiwa&#13;
a , Helen Ewing&#13;
a , Randall Ellis&#13;
a ,&#13;
e , Leigh Forbush&#13;
a , Oumo Joseph&#13;
b , Marion Jane Nakyeyune&#13;
b , John Baptist Waniaye</text>
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                <text>Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 13 issue 2 2023&#13;
African Journal of Emergency Medicine&#13;
Injury patterns in patients with severe traumatic brain injuries from motor crashes admitted to Mulago hospital accidents &amp; emergency unit</text>
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                <text>Background: The global burden of Road Traffic Crashes (RTC) is increasing. Uganda has one of the highest rates of RTCs in Sub-Sahara. Victims of RTCs sustain varying degrees of injuries depending on factors including the velocity at time of impact, protective gear; and if it was a motorcycle–motorcycle or motorcycle–vehicle crash. High speed collisions can result in severe forms of injuries and polytrauma. Some injuries are undetected. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried at Mulago Hospital Accidents &amp; Emergency Unit, between November 2021 and February 2022; on all adult patients ( ≥ 18 years) with severe head injury from motor road traffic crashes. The study looked at injury patterns and assessed the relationship of polytrauma in patients with severe head injury to the mechanism of injury (motorcycles versus vehicles). Data were extracted from patient charts using a validated data abstraction tool and complete head to toe physical examination was carried out and injuries recorded. Data were analysed to determine the relationship of polytrauma in patients with severe head injury to the mechanism of injury. Results: The participants were predominantly males with a population median age of 32 (25-39). The commonest modes of transportation of patients to the hospital were Police Pickup trucks (40%) and ambulance (36.1%). Among motorcycle RTCs, (19.2%) wore helmets; 21.2% had protective gear; with injury identified mainly in; the limbs (84.8%), neck (76.8%), chest (39.4%), and abdomen (26.3%). Patients from vehicle RTCs were 19% more likely to have polytrauma compared to patients from motorcycle RTCs. Conclusions: This study showed that patients who sustain severe traumatic brain injuries from vehicle crashes have an increased likelihood of having multiple injuries, compared to patients from motorcycle RTCs. For motorcycle users, injuries mostly affect the limbs. At particular risk are motorcyclists who do not wear helmets and protective coveralls.</text>
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                <text>Joseph Kalanzi&#13;
a ,&#13;
∗ , Lee Wallis&#13;
b , Mary Nabukenya&#13;
a , Erasmus Okello&#13;
a , Doreen Okong&#13;
a , Stella Namirembe</text>
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                <text>Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 13 issue 2 2023&#13;
African Journal of Emergency Medicine&#13;
Global health research abstracts: March ‘23</text>
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                <text>The African Journal of Emergency Medicine, in partnership with several other regional emergency medicine journals, publishes abstracts from each respective journal.&#13;
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                <text>Jonathan Kajjimu</text>
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        <name>Global health research abstracts: March ‘23</name>
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        <name>Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan</name>
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                <text>Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 13 issue 2 2023&#13;
African Journal of Emergency Medicine&#13;
Effectiveness of handover practices between emergency department and intensive care unit nurses</text>
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                <text>Background: Nurses from the emergency department (ED) and the intensive care unit (ICU) must interact during the handover procedure. Factors such as unit boundaries, the interaction between different specialities, patient acuities, and treatment adjustments generate specific negotiating and teamwork problems during the transition of patients from ED to ICU. Objective: This study aimed to describe the opinions of nurses regarding the effectiveness of handover practices between nurses in the ED and ICU in a major academic hospital in Gauteng province, South Africa. Method: An analytical cross-sectional survey design was used. Data were collected using a 16-item handover evaluation tool. It comprises two sections (1) biographical details and (2) 16 statements about handover quality divided into five constructs, namely information transfer, shared understanding, working atmosphere, overall handover quality, and circumstances of handover. Data analysis was done utilising descriptive and non-parametric statistics. Results: The majority (51.8%; n = 115) of the handovers occurred during the day. Out of 171 nurses, there were specialist practice emergency (19.2%; n = 33) and intensive care (28.0%; n = 48) nurses. There was statistical significance in information transfer between the ED and ICU nurses. (Me = 4.0, p &lt; 0.05), compared to ICU nurses (Me = 3.0). Nurse specialist and non-specialist nurses’ handovers differed statistically significantly on 12 of the 16 items on the rating scale, compared to 10 for non-specialist nurses’ handovers. Conclusion: The study showed that ED and ICU nurses have significantly different requirements and expectations for handover procedures. In addition to completed documentation, subtle interpretations of the information pro- vided and received also impact the need. The ED and ICU nurses would need to agree on the contents of a struc- tured handover framework because different specialities and departments have varied expectations to achieve an effective handover.</text>
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                <text>Tebogo T. Mamalelala&#13;
a , Shelley Schmollgruber&#13;
b ,&#13;
∗ , Meghan Botes&#13;
b , William Holzemer</text>
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                  <text>Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 13 issue 2 2023</text>
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                <text>Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 13 issue 2 2023&#13;
African Journal of Emergency Medicine&#13;
Diagnostic Performance of Point of Care Ultrasound Compared to Chest X-Ray in Patients with Hypoxia at a Teaching Hospital Emergency Department in Uganda</text>
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                <text>Ultrasound Chest X-Ray Hypoxia Emergency Department (ED) Ugan</text>
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                <text>Background: Hypoxia is a common presentation in the Emergency Department (ED) worldwide. It affects 9-12% of hospitalized adults in Sub-Saharan Africa. Timely diagnosis of the multiple causes such as pneumonia, heart failure among others is challenging. Chest X-Ray (CXR), one of the most utilized imaging modalities has many limitations, and the gold standard (Computed Tomography scan) is inaccessible. Point of care ultrasound (PoCUS) is more available and increasingly being used, however little is known of its performance in resource limited EDs. The study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of PoCUS compared with CXR in identifying the causes of hypoxia in the medical ED. Methods: 49 adults presenting with hypoxia (SP02 ≤ 88%) in the medical ED were evaluated. Ultrasound of the lungs and heart (PoCUS) was done, then CXR obtained. Lung ultrasound (LUS) was compared with CXR (first reference standard). Chest X-Ray and PoCUS were each compared to the physician diagnosis (second reference standard) to determine agreement using an acceptable disagreement cut-offof 15%. Results: 31% more abnormalities were identified by LUS than CXR. Lung ultrasound findings agreed with CXR in 86% of the participants with moderate reliability ( ĸ = 0.75). There was no significant difference between the actual findings of the two tests (X 2 = 2, p 0.1). Using the second reference, 82% of the CXRs were similar with weak reliability ( ĸ = 0.5) compared to 98% of PoCUS findings with strong reliability ( ĸ = 0.9). Compared to PoCUS, CXRs significantly differed from the physician diagnosis (X 2 = 0.85, p 0.38 vs X 2 = 8.5, p 0.004 respectively). Conclusion: Overall, PoCUS was not inferior to CXR when compared to final physician diagnosis in identifying causes of hypoxia, and LUS and CXR had comparable performance. Significantly more abnormalities were iden- tified on PoCUS and it demonstrated better agreement and strong reliability with the physician diagnosis than CXR. We recommend PoCUS use in patients with hypoxia attending resource limited in- and pre-hospital settings</text>
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                <text>Prisca Mary Kizito&#13;
a ,&#13;
c ,&#13;
∗ , Kenneth Daniel Bagonza&#13;
a ,&#13;
c , Justine Athieno Odakha&#13;
a ,&#13;
c , Linda Grace Nalugya&#13;
a ,&#13;
c , Pius Opejo&#13;
a ,&#13;
c , Anthony Muyingo&#13;
b ,&#13;
c , Harry Chen&#13;
a ,&#13;
c , Derek Harborne</text>
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                <text>www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem</text>
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                <text>15 February 2023</text>
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                <text>peri irawan</text>
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                <text>english</text>
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        <name>Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan</name>
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        <name>Ultrasound Chest X-Ray Hypoxia Emergency Department (ED) Ugan</name>
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