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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 1 2022</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 1 2022&#13;
Workplace Violence in Workers with Multi-Party Employment Arrangements: Results from the Korean National Representative Survey (Original article)</text>
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                <text>Multi-party employment arrangements, Precarious employment, Workplace violence</text>
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                <text>Background: Despite a growing number of investigations exploring the health problems in precarious workers, there is still a paucity of studies investigating workplace violence in workers with multi-party employment arrangements (WMPEAs). This study was aimed at comparing the prevalence of workplace violence between non-WMPEA and WMPEA. &#13;
Methods: The 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey data were used. The study subjects were em-&#13;
ployees aged 20-74, with 26,239 non-WMPEA and 1,556 WMPEA. WMPEA included temporary agency&#13;
&#13;
workers and workers providing outsourced services. Workplace violence including verbal abuse, un-&#13;
wanted sexual attention, threats, and humiliating behaviors were used as outcome variables. The odds&#13;
&#13;
ratios of risk of workplace violence were calculated using multiple logistic regression.&#13;
Results: The age-standardized prevalence of workplace violence was significantly higher among WMPEA.&#13;
After adjusting for all covariates, the risk of workplace violence among WMPEA was still significant (OR&#13;
1.80, 95% CI 1.5-2.2) compared with non-WMPEA. The odds ratio of workplace violence among female&#13;
WMPEA was 1.99 (95% CI 1.53-2.59), which is higher than that of male WMPEA (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.18-1.96).&#13;
Conclusion: We found that WMPEA were exposed to higher risk of workplace violence. Discrimination&#13;
againstWMPEA in theworking environment andmanagement policy need to be corrected. It is also necessary&#13;
to identify the risk factors of workplace violence in WMPEA and to make efforts to prevent violence.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="22673">
                <text>Yeogyeong Yoon, Kyunghee Jung-Choi</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Elsevier Korea LLC</text>
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                <text>March 2022</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="22676">
                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 1 2022</text>
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        <name>Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan</name>
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        <name>Multi-party employment arrangements</name>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 1 2022&#13;
Whole-Body Vibration Exposure vis-à-vis Musculoskeletal Health Risk of Dumper Operators Compared to a Control Group in Coal Mines (Original article)</text>
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                <text>Case-control study, Dumper operator, Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), Whole-body vibration (WBV)</text>
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                <text>Background: Whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure of coal mine dumper operators poses numerous health hazards. The case-control study was aimed at assessing the relative musculoskeletal health risk of&#13;
dumper operators’ exposure to WBV with reference to the nonexposed group. &#13;
Methods: Measurements of WBV exposure were taken at the operatoreseat interface using a human vibration analyzer for 110 dumper operators in three coal mines. This vibration measurement was&#13;
supplemented by a questionnaire survey of 110 dumper operators exposed to WBV and an equal number of workers not exposed to WBV. The relative risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) has been assessed&#13;
through the case-control study design.&#13;
Results: ISO guidelines were used to compare the health risk. It was observed that the prevalence of pain in the lower back was 2.52 times more in the case group compared to the control group. The case group&#13;
of Mine-2 was 2.0 times more prone to vibration hazards as compared to Mine-3. &#13;
Conclusion: The case group is more vulnerable to MSDs than the control group. The on-site measurement as well as the response of the dumper operators during the questionnaire survey corroborates this finding. </text>
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                <text>Vivekanand Kumar, Sanjay K. Palei, Netai C. Karmakar, Dhanjee K. Chaudhary</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Elsevier Korea LLC</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>March 2022</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="22665">
                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 1 2022</text>
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        <name>Case-control study</name>
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      <tag tagId="2017">
        <name>Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan</name>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 1 2022&#13;
Veterinarians as a Risk Group for Zoonoses: Exposure, Knowledge and Protective Practices in Finland (Original article)</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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                <text>Occupational health, Personal protective equipment, Zoonotic infections</text>
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                <text>Background: Veterinarians may encounter a variety of zoonotic pathogens in their work.&#13;
Methods: We conducted two cross-sectional questionnaire studies among veterinarians in Finland. Participants were recruited during two Annual Veterinary Congresses. In 2009, 306 veterinarians&#13;
participated in an extensive questionnaire study, and in 2016, 262 veterinarians participated in a more focused study that included two same questions.&#13;
Results: In 2009, the majority (90.9%) of the participating veterinarians reported having been occupationally exposed to zoonotic pathogens. Zoonotic infections (15.0%), needle stick incidents (78.8%), bites&#13;
(85.0%), as well as infected skin lesions (24.2%) were reported. In 2009, 8.2% of the participants fully agreed with the statement “I have good knowledge of zoonoses and their prevention”; in 2016, the proportion was 10.3%. The reported use of protective practices and personal protective equipment in connection with specific veterinary procedures indicated that there was room for improvement, particularly in protection from pathogens that are transmissible via inhalation and mucous membranes.&#13;
Conclusion: The results confirm that veterinarians are commonly occupationally exposed to zoonotic pathogens. Education should aim to improve and maintain the knowledge of zoonoses and their prevention. Use of protective practices should be advocated.</text>
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                <text>Paula M. Kinnunen, Alisa Matomäki, Marie Verkola, Annamari Heikinheimo, Olli Vapalahti, Hannimari Kallio-kokko, Anna-Maija Virtala , Pikka  Jokelainen </text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 1 2022</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 1 2022&#13;
Positive Factors for Return to Work After Accidents: Health Awareness, Consultation with Doctors, and Personal Characteristics of Workers (Original article)</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Industrial management, Information service, Policy effect, Productivity, Vocational rehabilitation</text>
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                <text>Background: Industrial accidents can determine the overall level and quality of the work environment in industries and companies that contribute to national economic development. Korea has transformed&#13;
the country from an international aid recipient to a donor country, but it has ranked first among the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member countries in the number of fatal industrial accidents. Little has been known about the policy effects in terms of the workers’ insurance for their industrial accidents and rehabilitation. This study raises two research questions about the influence of workers’ personal characteristics and vocational rehabilitation services on their return to workplaces.&#13;
Methods: The study implements weighted logistic regression analysis using propensity score matching. This research utilizes the relevant dataset (3,924 persons) of Korea’s industrial accident and insurance.&#13;
Results: The findings show that the level of workers’ awareness of health recovery and their counseling for rehabilitation by physicians had positive effects on their return to work. Environmental factors such&#13;
as workers’ job stability at the time of industrial accidents and the temporal effects of industrial accidents (e.g., the level of disability, their age) had negative impacts on their return to work.&#13;
Conclusions: These findings have policy implications that the concentration of rehabilitation services for patients who have been mildly affected by industrial accidents would be effective in the short and medium term. The findings also highlight the necessity of ongoing policies about workers’ vocational recovery with concrete evidence about policy impacts.</text>
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                <text>Dongsuk Kang</text>
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                <text>Elsevier Korea LLC</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="22643">
                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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Occupational Profile, Psychosocial Aspects, and Work Ability of Brazilian Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic: IMPPAC Cohort (Original article)</text>
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                <text>Background: The IMPPAC cohort (Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychosocial aspects and work ability among Brazilian workers) seeks to understand the impact of the pandemic on Brazilian&#13;
workers. This article describes the occupational profile, psychosocial aspects, and work ability determined during the baseline and follow-up measurements of the cohort.&#13;
Methods: Workers were invited to participate through media advertisements, social networks, and emails. From June to September 2020, 1211 workers were included in the cohort. Follow-up measure-&#13;
ments finished on October 2021 with 633 workers. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires using Google Forms. Psychosocial aspects were assessed using the COPSOQ II-Br. Work ability was assessed using the Work Ability Index (WAI).&#13;
Results: At baseline and follow-up, high proportion of workers were in the risk zone with regard to work pace, emotional work demands, influence on work, workefamily conflict, burnout, and stress. Approx-&#13;
imately 75% of the workers reported good to excellent work ability at baseline and follow-up. &#13;
Conclusion: The occupational profile, psychosocial aspects, and work ability of Brazilian workers from the&#13;
IMPPAC cohort were described. Psychosocial aspects and WAI were similar at baseline and follow-up.</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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Letter to the Editor Regarding “Risk Assessment for Toluene Diisocyanate and Respiratory Disease Human Studies” (Letter to the Editor)</text>
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                <text>To the Editor,&#13;
We would like to provide comments on an article by Park [1] that was recently published in Safety and Health at Work. The article describes an alternative method to address healthy worker effect (HWE) bias as it relates to the interpretation of asthma studies. It would appear that the author’s intent was to re-assess existing epidemiology studies on toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposure and asthma and to correct the published data for the potential existence of a healthy-worker-effect (HWE) prior to performing a risk assessment. A risk assessment approach should be based upon: (A) use of a validated model, (B) transparent selection criteria for studies included, (C) verification of model adequacy, and (D) assumptions supported by literature. As outlined below, we believe that the publication [1] has significant shortcomings with regard to these basic principles. </text>
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Letter to the Editor Concerning “Risk Assessment for Toluene Diisocyanate and Respiratory Disease Human Studies” (Letter to the Editor)</text>
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                <text>To the Editor,&#13;
The above-mentioned article was recently published in Safety and Health at Work [1], with the aim of describing a model to address of healthy worker survivor effect (HWSE) bias. This is a difficult task, as many critical occupational parameters are either not available, or have drastically changed to the point that certain data should be excluded because it no longer represents modern workplaces. In order to fully validate this model and apply it to more recent data, it becomes necessary to request author clarification for a number of key points related to study design, data transparency, and overall assumptions. If left unaddressed, it is impossible to standardize the methodology and apply to other substances, or to repeat with accuracy. Summarized below are selected examples to demonstrate ambiguity and concerns, with further detail provided in four accompanying Attachments.</text>
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Internet of ThingseBased Command Center to Improve Emergency Response in Underground Mines (Original article)</text>
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                <text>Background: Underground mines have several hazards that could lead to serious consequences if they come into effect. Acquiring, evaluating, and using the real-time data from the atmospheric monitoring system and miner’s positional information is crucial in deciding the best course of action.&#13;
Methods: A graphical user interfaceebased software is developed that uses an AutoCAD-based mine map, real-time atmospheric monitoring system, and miners’ positional information to guide on the shortest route to mine exit and other locations within the mine, including the refuge chamber. Several algorithms are implemented to enhance the visualization of the program and guide the miners through the shortest routes. The information relayed by the sensors and communicated by other personnel are collected, evaluated, and used by the program in proposing the best course of action.&#13;
Results: The program was evaluated using two case studies involving rescue relating to elevated carbon monoxide levels and increased temperature simulating fire scenarios. The program proposed the&#13;
shortest path from the miner’s current location to the exit of the mine, nearest refuge chamber, and the phone location. The real-time sensor information relayed by all the sensors was collected in a comma-&#13;
separated value file. &#13;
Conclusion: This program presents an important tool that aggregates information relayed by sensors to propose the best rescue strategy. The visualization capability of the program allows the operator to observe all the information on a screen and monitor the rescue in real time. This program permits the incorporation of additional sensors and algorithms to further customize the tool.</text>
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Inequalities in External-Cause Mortality in 2018 across Industries in Republic of Korea (Original article)</text>
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                <text>Background: External-cause mortality is an important public health issue worldwide. Considering its significance to workers’ health and inequalities across industries, we aimed to describe the state of&#13;
external-cause mortality and investigate its difference by industry in Republic of Korea based on data for 2018.&#13;
Methods: Data obtained from the Statistics Korea and Korean Employment Information System were used. External causes of death were divided into three categories (suicide, transport accident, and&#13;
others), and death occurred during employment period or within 90 days after unemployment was regarded as workers’ death. We calculated age- and sex-standardized mortalities per 100,000, standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) compared to the general population and total workers, and mortality rate ratios (RRs) across industries using information and communication as a reference. Correlation analyses between income, education, and mortality were conducted.&#13;
Results: Age- and sex-standardized external-cause mortality per 100,000 in all workers was 29.4 (suicide: 16.2, transport accident: 6.6, others: 6.6). Compared to the general population, all external-cause and suicide SMRs were significantly lower; however, there was no significant difference in transport accidents. When compared to total workers, wholesale, transportation, and business facilities management showed higher SMR for suicide, and agriculture, forestry, and fishing, mining and quarrying, construction, transportation and storage, and public administration and defense showed higher SMR for transport accidents. A moderate to strong negative correlation was observed between education level and mortality (both age- and sex-standardized mortality rates and SMR compared to the general population).&#13;
Conclusion: Inequalities in external-cause mortalities from suicide, transport accidents, and other causes were found. For reducing the differences, improved policies are needed for industries with higher&#13;
mortalities.</text>
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                <text>Jiyoung Lim, Kwon Ko, Kyung Eun Lee, Jae Bum Park, Seungho Lee, &#13;
Inchul Jeong</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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Impact of Long Working Hours and Shift Work on Unmet Health Care Need Among Korean Workers (Original article)</text>
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                <text>Background: This study aimed to identify work-related risk factors, including long working hours and night/shift work, for unmet health care need using data of a representative panel of Korean adults.&#13;
Methods: Associations between work-related factors and unmet health care need were analyzed using data of 3,440 participants (10,320 observations) from the 2011-2013 Korean Health Panel Study. A&#13;
generalized estimating equation was used for the analysis of repeated measures.&#13;
Results: The prevalence of unmet health care was 16.6%. After adjusting sex, age, socioeconomic status, work characteristics, and working more than 60 hours per week (odds ratio [OR]: 1.43, 95% confidence&#13;
interval [CI]: 1.23-1.65) or 50-59 hours per week (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.08-1.46) instead of 40-49 hours per week and night/shift work (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.06-1.51) were associated with unmet health care need.&#13;
Conclusion: Long working hours and night/shift work are risk factors for unmet health care need among the Korean working population.</text>
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