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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 2 2022</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 2 2022&#13;
Working in a Risky Environment: Coping and Risk Handling Strategies Among Small-scale Miners in Ghana (Original article)</text>
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                <text>Hazards, Personal protective equipment, Risk, Small-scale mining</text>
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                <text>Background: It is estimated that about 13 million artisanal and small-scale miners carry out their activities under harsh, precarious, unfriendly, and risky conditions. Yet, our understanding of the extent to&#13;
which these workers use personal protective equipment (PPE) and navigate through the various risks and hazards they face is still limited. This article has two main objectives. First, it explores the extent of&#13;
usage of PPE among artisanal and small-scale miners for the prevention of hazards and risks. Second, it examines the coping strategies used by these miners as a response to experiences of occupational injuries and risks &#13;
Methods: A cross-sectional survey of small-scale miners was conducted in six communities across three districts in Ghana, West Africa. The mixed methods approach was adopted. A total of 148 small-scale&#13;
miners participated in the study. Six focus group discussions (FGDs) were held across the six communities. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Chi-square tests were used to analyse the&#13;
relationship between some socio-demographic characteristics (sex, age, and educational background) and the usage of PPE. Open-ended questions and responses from FGDs were analysed based on the&#13;
content and verbatim quotations from miners. &#13;
Results: Findings suggest that 78% of the miners interviewed do not use the appropriate PPE citing reasons such as cost, and their personal discomfort associated with use of PPE. There was no significant&#13;
relationship between socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., sex, age, education and major mining activity) and the usage of PPE. The study further revealed four main coping strategies used by miners to&#13;
handle the risks. These are rest, taking unprescribed medication and hard drugs, registration with health insurance scheme and savings and investments.&#13;
Conclusion: This study shows that very few artisanal miners use PPE despite the significant hazards and risks to which they are exposed. The study recommends to the government to put in place measures to&#13;
ensure that miners adhere to health and safety regulations before undertaking mining activities. This means that health and safety plans and use of PPE should be linked to the license acquisition process for&#13;
miners. </text>
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                <text>Rejoice Selorm Wireko-Gyebi, Albert Abraham Arhin, Imoro Braimah, &#13;
Rudith Sylvana King, Anne Mette Lykke </text>
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                <text>Elsevier Korea LLC</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 2 2022</text>
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        <name>Personal protective equipment</name>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 2 2022&#13;
Work-Related Well-Being in the Zimbabwean Banking Sector: A Job Demands-Resources Perspective (Original article)</text>
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                <text>Banking, Job Demands-resources, Psychosocial risks, Well-being, Zimbabwe</text>
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                <text>Background: Research on the impact of psychosocial risks on well-being at work remains scarce in low-and middle-income countries, especially in the banking sector. This study sought to examine the relationships between job demands, job resources, well-being, job satisfaction, and work engagement in the Zimbabwean banking sector.&#13;
Methods: An online survey was administered to 259 employees from five banks. Hierarchical multiple regression tested the relationships between job demands (quantitative demands, emotional demands,&#13;
work pace, and workefamily conflict), job resources (possibilities for development, social support from colleagues and supervisors, quality of leadership, and influence at work), well-being, work engagement,&#13;
and job satisfaction. Interactions between all variables were tested.&#13;
Results: Job demands were negatively related to well-being, work engagement, and job satisfaction. Job resources had positive relationships with the same. Work pace had positive relationships with well-being and work engagement. Influence at work moderated the relationship between emotional demands and work pace with well-being. Possibilities for development moderated the relationship between work efamily conflict and well-being. Workefamily conflict moderated the relationship between social support from colleagues and job satisfaction. Emotional demands, work pace, and quantitative demands moderated the relationship between influence at work with job satisfaction and work engagement.&#13;
Conclusion: Job demands should be reduced where possible in order to enhance employee well-being, work engagement, and job satisfaction. The job resources that should be availed to facilitate a positive&#13;
psychosocial work environment in the banking sector include social support from supervisors, influence at work, and possibilities for development. </text>
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                <text>Tarisayi Ndengu, Stavroula Leka</text>
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                <text>Elsevier Korea LLC</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 2 2022</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 2 2022&#13;
The Evaluation of Personal Protective Equipment Usage Habit of Mining Employees Using Structural Equation Modeling (Original article)</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Mining employees, Occupational accidents, Personal protective equipment, Structural equation modeling</text>
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                <text>Background: In occupational studies, it is a known situation that technical and organizational attempts are used to prevent occupational accidents. Especially in the mining sector, if these attempts cannot&#13;
prevent occupational accidents, personal protective equipment (PPE) becomes a necessity. Thus, in this study, the main objective is to examine the effects of the variables on the use of PPE and identify important factors.&#13;
Methods: A questionnaire was implemented and structural equation modeling was conducted to ascertain the significant factors affecting the PPE use of mining employees. The model includes the factors that ergonomics, the efficiency of PPE and employee training, and PPE usage habit.&#13;
Results: The results indicate that ergonomics and employee training have no significant effect (p &gt; 0.05) on the use of PPE. The efficiency of PPE has a statistically meaningful effect (p &lt; 0.05) on the use of PPE.&#13;
Various variables have been evaluated in previous studies. However, none of them examined the variables simultaneously.&#13;
Conclusion: The developed model in the study enables to better focus on ergonomics and employee training in the PPE usage. The effectiveness of a PPE makes its use unavoidable. Emphasizing PPE effectiveness in OHS training and even showing them in practice will increase employees’ PPE usage. The fact that a PPE with high effectiveness is also ergonomic means that it will be used at high rates by the employee.</text>
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                <text>Nilufer Kursunoglu, Seyhan Onder, Mustafa Onder</text>
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                <text>Elsevier Korea LLC</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>English</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 2 2022</text>
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        <name>Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan</name>
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        <name>Mining employees</name>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 2 2022&#13;
The Effects of Personality and Attitude on Risky Driving Behavior Among Public van Drivers: Hierarchical Modeling (Original article)</text>
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                <text>Attitude, Bangkok, Personality, Public transportation, Road safety, Thailand</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Background: Traffic injuries have become a significant public health problem in low- and middle-income countries. Several studies have examined the role of personality and attitude toward traffic safety in&#13;
predicting driving behaviors in diverse types of drivers. Few studies have investigated risky behavior among public passenger van drivers. This study aims to identify the predictors of self-reported risky driving behavior among public van drivers.&#13;
Method: A total of 410 public van drivers were interviewed at terminal stations in Bangkok. Hierarchical regression models were applied to determine the effects of demographics, personality traits, and attitude&#13;
on self-reported risky driving behaviors.&#13;
Results: The results indicated that drivers with a high education level, more working days, and high scores for normlessness and anger were more likely to report risky driving behaviors (p &lt; 0.05).&#13;
Conclusion: The personality traits and attitude toward speeding account for aberrant self-reported risky driving behavior in passenger van drivers. This could be another empirical basis for evidence-based road&#13;
safety interventions in the context of public transport.</text>
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                <text>Wirampa Tanglai, Ching-Fu Chen, Cheerawit Rattanapan, Orapin Laosee</text>
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                <text>Elsevier Korea LLC</text>
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The Characteristics of Accepted Work-related Injuries and Diseases Claims in the Australian Coal Mining Industry (Original article)</text>
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                <text>Background: Coal mining is a hazardous industry. The purpose of the study is to identify the nature of occupational injuries and diseases among coal miners and to determine the factors that affect the rate of&#13;
injury and duration of time loss from work.&#13;
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using accepted workers’ compensation claims data of 30,390 Australian coal miners between July 2003 and June 2017.&#13;
Results: Musculoskeletal and fracture conditions accounted for approximately 60% of claims in all occupational groups. Cox regression analysis showed that older age and female gender were significant&#13;
predictors of longer time off work. Injury types and occupations were associated with work time loss: mental health conditions, and machine operators and drivers had significantly longer durations of time&#13;
off work. &#13;
Conclusion: Future research can further address how these factors led to longer time off work so that coal industry regulators, employers, and healthcare providers can target interventions more effectively to&#13;
these at-risk workers. </text>
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                <text>Heng T. Chong, Alex Collie</text>
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Role of Supervisor Behavioral Integrity for Safety in the Relationship Between Top-Management Safety Climate, Safety Motivation, and Safety Performanceq (Original article)</text>
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                <text>Background: This study examines whether employee perceptions of supervisor behavioral integrity for safety moderates the relationship between top-management safety climate and safety performance (i.e.,&#13;
safety compliance and safety participation) and the mediated relationships through safety motivation.&#13;
Methods: Data collected from 389 blue-collar employees were analyzed using latent moderated structural equation modeling.&#13;
Results: The results indicate that the relationship between top-management safety climate and safety behavior, and the mediating role of safety motivation were replicated. Moreover, the results show that&#13;
the mediated relationships between top-management safety climate and safety behaviors through safety motivation were stronger for employees who report high supervisor behavioral integrity for safety.&#13;
Conclusion: The study findings suggest the role of supervisor behavioral integrity for safety in clarifying how the employee perceptions of top-management safety climate transfer to the employee safety behaviors through the motivational pathway. </text>
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                <text>Mehmet Peker, Onur C. Dogru , Gülgün Mese </text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 2 2022&#13;
Prevalence of Accident Occurrence Among Scientific Laboratory Workers of the Public University in Lebanon and the Impact of Safety Measures (Original article)</text>
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                <text>Background: Workers are exposed to several risks in academic laboratories due to the presence of potentially hazardous substances. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of ac-&#13;
cident occurrence and associated risk factors among laboratory workers at the scientific laboratories of the public university in Lebanon and the impact of safety measures training and availability.&#13;
Methods: In this observational study, a survey was conducted for one year in scientific laboratories at faculties of the public university.&#13;
Results: Among the participants (N 1⁄4 220), 45.0% have had accidents; the main cause was exposure to chemicals (73.7%) and more specifically by inhalation (45.4%). Females (85.9%) were more exposed to&#13;
accidents than males. Laboratory workers with a master’s degree, a full-time schedule, and more than ten years of experience were significantly more exposed to accidents (p &lt; 0.05). A significant association was found between accident occurrence and training on management of hazardous products (p 1⁄4 0.044), risks related to workplace (p 1⁄4 0.030), eyewash and emergency shower (p &lt; 0.001), first aid (p 1⁄4 0.012), and facial protection availability (p 1⁄4 0.019). In spite of the lack of safety culture and efficient training on laboratory safety, participants have shown a very good perception regarding safety measures to be applied in case of work accidents.&#13;
Conclusion: Based on our findings, the prevalence of accident occurrence is elevated among lab workers at the public university. The impact of regular training on laboratory safety preventive measures is of&#13;
great importance to ensure the efficiency of occupational health and safety in scientific laboratories. </text>
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                <text>Inaam M. Nasrallah, Assem K. El Kak, Lina A. Ismaiil, Rihab R. Nasr, Wafa T. Bawab</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 2 2022</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 2 2022&#13;
How Role Overload Affects Physical and Psychological Health of Low-ranking Government Employees at Different Ages: The Mediating Role of Burnout (Original article)</text>
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                <text>Background: The public now imposes higher demands on the government than in the past, which has created the role overload faced by low-ranking government employees in China. This research investigates the relationship between role overload and health among low-ranking government employees and explores the mediating effects of burnout. &#13;
Methods: It draws on a survey of 2064 low-ranking government employees by probability proportionate to size sampling in China’s Shandong Province. Structural equation modeling (SEM) methods are used to analyze the data.&#13;
Results: Both role overload and burnout were found to have negative effects on low-ranking government employees’ health; however, the associations varied among the three age groups (less than 36, between&#13;
36 and 45, and over 45). Those over 45 reported the highest level of both physical and psychological health, while the youngest age group (less than 36) reported the lowest level of health. Role overload has&#13;
a direct influence on health among government employees over 45 but not among those below 45 . Burnout’s mediating effects between role overload and health are significant among all age groups, but&#13;
most significant among the youngest civil servants below 36.&#13;
Conclusions: The findings evidenced that both role overload and burnout affect low-ranking government employees’ self-reported physical and psychological health. In addition, the effect of age differences in coping with role stressors and burnout should be considered.</text>
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                <text>Qing Huang, Yidan Wang, Ke Yuan, Huaxing Liu</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 2 2022</text>
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Hazard Levels of Cooking Fumes in Republic of Korea Schools (Original article)</text>
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                <text>Background and Purpose: In 2021, lung cancer in school food workers was first recognized as an occupational cancer. The classification of the carcinogenicity of cooking fumes by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) was based on Chinese epidemiological data. This study aimed to determine the hazard levels of school cooking fumes in Korea.&#13;
Materials and Methods: Based on public school cafeterias in one area, 25 locations were selected for the survey according to the number per school type, ventilation states, and environmental pre-assessments&#13;
of cafeterias. Two inside cooking areas using a heat source and one outside cooking area were selected as control measurement points. Measurements of CO, CO2, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), including benzene, formaldehyde, and particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, PM1, respectively), were taken. The concentrations and patterns of each substance in the kitchens were compared with the outdoor air quality.&#13;
Result: Known carcinogens, such as the concentrations of PAHs, formaldehyde, TVOC (benzene), and particulate matter in school cooking fumes, were all detected at similar or slightly higher levels than&#13;
those found outside. Additionally, substances were detected at relatively low concentrations compared to the Chinese cooking fumes reported in the literature. However, the short-term exposure to high concentrations of CO (or composite exposure with CO2) and PM2.5 in this study were shown. &#13;
Conclusion: The school cooking fumes in South Korea was a relatively less harmful than Chinese cooking&#13;
fumes, however short-term, high exposure of toxic substances can cause a critical health effect.</text>
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                <text>Iu-Jin Lee, Sang-Gil Lee, Bo-Hwa Choi , Hoe-Kyeong Seo, Ji-Hyung Choi</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 2 2022</text>
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Global Policy Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of the ICOH Survey (Original article)</text>
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                <text>Background: On the basis of its role for the development of occupational health research, information, good practices, the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH) launched the present&#13;
survey to collect information on public health and prevention policies put in place by the governments of the countries in the world to contain the pandemic.&#13;
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online questionnaire focused on COVID-19 data, public health policies, prevention measures, support measures for economy, work, and education, personal protective equipment, intensive care units, contact tracing, return to work, and the role of ICOH against COVID-19. The questionnaire was administered to 113 ICOH National Secretaries and senior OSH experts. Collected data refer to the period ranging from the beginning of the pandemic in each country to June 30, 2020.&#13;
Results: A total of 73 questionnaires from 73 countries around the world were considered valid, with a 64.6% response rate. Most of the respondents (71.2%) reported that the state of emergency was declared&#13;
in their country, and 86.1% reported lockdown measures. Most of the respondents (66.7%) affirmed that the use of face masks was compulsory in their country. As for containment measures, 97.2% indicated that mass gatherings (meetings) were limited. Regarding workplace closing, the most affected sector was entertainment (90.1%).&#13;
Conclusion: The results of this survey are useful to gain a global view on COVID-19 policy responses at country level.</text>
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                <text>Bruna M. Rondinone, Antonio Valenti, Valeria Boccuni, Erika Cannone,&#13;
Fabio Boccuni, Diana Gagliardi, Pierluca Dionisi, Caterina Barillari , Sergio Iavicoli</text>
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