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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 3 2022&#13;
A Multi-Perspective Framework of Vision Zero: Toward Collaborative Promotion of Safety, Health and Well-Being at Work (Short Communication)</text>
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                <text>Vision Zero, collaboration, multi-perspective framework, safety health and well-being at work</text>
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                <text>In the globalized field of safety, health, and well-being, the need to build multi-stakeholder alliances to find solutions to complex challenges is growing. This requires common ground for collaboration, as well as concepts and tools to grasp and manage the areas of interest. Over recent years, Vision Zero has awakened interest and it continues to evolve into many forms of approaches and initiatives, which provide a strategic direction and practical tools for supporting the development of safety, health, and well-being at work. Consequently, there is a need to build a shared understanding of ‘zero’. This article reflects the potential of Vision Zero as a bridging concept and an approach for building multi-stakeholder collaboration. Thus, we present a multi-perspective framework of Vision Zero to support further dialoge and collaboration in joint undertakings.</text>
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                <text>Tommi Alanko, Riikka Ruotsala</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 3 2022&#13;
Analysis of Mortality from Asbestos-Related Diseases in Brazil Using Multiple Health Information Systems, 1996e2017 (Original article)</text>
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                <text>Background: In Brazil, asbestos was intensively used from the 1960s until its ban in 2017. Mesothelioma, asbestosis, and pleural plaques are typical asbestos-related diseases (ARD-T). To create an ARD-T national&#13;
database, death records from 1996e2017 were retrieved from several health information systems (HIS).&#13;
Methods: All national HIS containing coded diagnoses (ICD-10) and death information were obtained. Linkage was performed to create a single database of ARD-T death records, either as underlying or&#13;
contributory causes, in adults aged 30 years and older.&#13;
Results: A total of 3,057 ARD-T death records were found, 2,405 (76.4%) of which being malignant mesotheliomas (MM). Pleural MM (n 1⁄4 1,006; 41.8%) and unspecified MM (n 1⁄4 792; 32.9%) prevailed. Male&#13;
to female MM ratio (M:F) was 1.4:1, and higher ratios were found for non-malignant ARD-T: 3.5:1 for asbestosis and 2.4:1 for pleural plaques. Male crude annual mesothelioma mortality (CMmm x1,000,000) was 0.98 in 1996 and 2.26 in 2017, a 131.1% increment, while for females it was 1.04 and 1.25, a 20.2% increase, correspondingly. The small number of deaths with asbestosis and pleural plaques records precluded conclusive interpretations.&#13;
Conclusions: Even with the linkage of several HIS, ARD-T in death records remained in low numbers. MM mortality in men was higher and showed a rapid increase and, along with non-malignant ARD-T, higher&#13;
M:F ratios suggested a predominant pattern of work-related exposure. The monitoring of workplace and environmental asbestos exposure needs to be improved, as well as the workers surveillance, following&#13;
the recent Brazilian ban. </text>
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                <text>Eduardo Algranti, Vilma S. Santana, Felipe Campos, Leonardo Salvi, Cézar A. Saito, Franciana Cavalcante, Heleno R. Correa-Filho</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 3 2022</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 3 2022&#13;
Assessment of Masks Used by Healthcare Workers: Development and Validation of a Mask Qualitative Assessment Tool (MQAT) (Original article)</text>
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                <text>Background: Respiratory masks can provide healthcare workers with protection from biological hazards, when they have good performance. There is a direct relationship between the visual specifications of a&#13;
mask and its efficacy; thus, the aim of this study was to develop tools for qualitative assessment of the performance of masks used by healthcare workers.&#13;
Methods: A mixed-methods design was used to develop a qualitative assessment tool for medical face masks (MFM) and particle filtering half masks (PFHM). The development of domains and items was undertaken using observation and interviews, the opinions of an expert panel, and a review of texts and international standards. The second phase evaluated the psychometric properties of tools. Finally, the validated Mask Qualitative Assessment Tools (MQAT) were used to assess six samples from 10 brands of the two types of masks.&#13;
Results: MQAT-MFM and MQAT-PHFM shared 42 items across seven domains: “cleanliness,” “design, “marking, labeling and packaging,” “mask layers,” “mask strap,” “materials and construction,” and “nose clip.” MQAT-MFM included one additional item. MQAT-PHFM included another nine items associated with an eighth “Practical Performance” domain, and the valve version had another additional “Exhalation&#13;
Valve” domain and six items. The evaluation indicated 80% compliance for MFM and 71% compliance for PFHM. “Marking, labeling and packaging” and “Layers” were associated with the least compliance in both types of masks and should be checked carefully for defining mask quality.&#13;
Conclusion: MQAT can be used for immediate screening and initial assessment of MFM and PHFM through appearance, simple tools, and visual inspection. </text>
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                <text>Vahid Gharibi , Rosanna Cousins, Hamidreza Mokarami , Mehdi Jahangiri, &#13;
Mohammad A. Keshavarz, Mohammad M. Shirmohammadi-Bahadoran </text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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Comparison of Safety and Health Risk Perceptions Toward COVID-19 Pandemic Based on Gender in Korean University Students’ Work While Studying (Original article)</text>
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perception&#13;
safety&#13;
university&#13;
work</text>
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                <text>Background: This study aims to identify the safety and health risk perceptions toward the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic based on gender in Korean university students who work and study during the pandemic.&#13;
Methods: A nationwide convenient sampling method was implemented to eliminate any regionalcharacteristics in 757 university students, including those who studied while working. The participants&#13;
answered the online questionnaire for one week. The collected data were analyzed using the R version 3.4.1 program.&#13;
Results: The results comparing the safety and health risk perceptions toward COVID-19 based on the gender of the subjects who work while studying, “I often use the Internet to obtain information on COVID-19 infection control” are females appeared to use the internet more often (t 1⁄4 e2.18, p 1⁄4 0.031) than males. “Compared to pre-COVID-19, I am currently feeling safe after the outbreak” is females felt less safe (t 1⁄4 3.43, p &lt; 0.001). Although COVID-19 infection control awareness is high among Korean university students and officials, males reported higher scores over females in all the questions, which was statistically significant.&#13;
Conclusion: There should be prioritized psychological measures for prevention against COVID-19 for vulnerable groups with high mental health risks. A network must be established to protect the mental&#13;
health of such groups, and candidates who require intervention must be actively identified and supported. Therefore, there must be efforts to deliver accurate information based on scientific evidence of the infectious disease, and the actions should be supported through such active communication. </text>
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                <text>Sang Hee Kim, Min Soo Park, Tae-Gu Kim</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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Development of Korean CARcinogen EXposure: Assessment of the Exposure Intensity of Carcinogens by Industry (Original article)</text>
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Carcinogen&#13;
Exposure&#13;
Occupational cancer&#13;
Occupational exposure</text>
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                <text>Background: Occupational cancer is a global health issue. The Korean CARcinogen EXposure (K-CAREX), a database of CARcinogen EXposure, was developed for the Korean labor force to estimate the number of&#13;
workers exposed to carcinogens by industry. The present study aimed to estimate the intensity of exposure to carcinogens by industry, in order to supply complementary information about CARcinogen EXposure intensity to the K-CAREX.&#13;
Methods: We used nationwide workplace monitoring data from 2014 to 2016 and selected target carcinogens based on the K-CAREX list. We computed the 95th percentile levels of measurements for each&#13;
industry by carcinogens. Based on the 95th percentile level relative to the occupational exposure limit, we classified the CARcinogen EXposure intensity into five exposure ratings (1e5) for each industry.&#13;
Results: The exposure ratings were estimated for 21 carcinogenic agents in each of the 228 minor industry groups. For example, 3,058 samples were measured for benzene in the manufacturing industry of basic chemicals. This industry was assigned a benzene exposure rating of 3.&#13;
Conclusions: We evaluated the CARcinogen EXposure ratings across industries in Korean workers. The results will provide information on the exposure intensity to carcinogens for integration into the K-CAREX. Furthermore, it will aid in prioritizing control efforts and identifying industries of concern. </text>
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                <text>Dong-Hee Koh, Ju-Hyun Park, Sang-Gil Lee, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Hyejung Jung, Inah Kim , Sangjun Choi, Donguk Park</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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Discrepancies Between Implementation and Perceived Effectiveness of Leading Safety Indicators in the US Dairy Product Manufacturing Industry (Original Article)</text>
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lagging indicators&#13;
safety performance&#13;
safety responsibilities</text>
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                <text>Background: In the United States, the dairy product manufacturing industry has consistently had higher rates of work-related nonfatal injuries and illnesses compared to the national average for industries in all sectors. The selection and implementation of appropriate safety performance indicators are important aspect of reducing risk within safety management systems. This study examined the leading safety in-&#13;
dicators implemented in the dairy product-manufacturing sector (NAICS 3115) and their perceived effectiveness in reducing work-related injuries. &#13;
Methods: Perceptions were collected from individuals with safety responsibilities in the dairy product manufacturing facilities. OSHA Incident Rate (OIR) and Days away, restricted and transferred (DART) rates from 2013 to 2018 were analyzed.&#13;
Results: The perceived most effective leading were safety observations, stop work authority, near miss reporting, safety audits, preventative maintenance, safety inspections, safety training attendance, and job&#13;
hazard analysis/safety analysis, respectively. The 6-year trend analysis showed that those implementing all eight top indicators had a slightly lower rates than those that did not implement all eight. Production&#13;
focused mentality, poor training, and lack of management commitment were perceived as the leading causes of injuries in this industry.&#13;
Conclusion: Collecting leading indicators with the unique interest to meet the regulatory requirements and to document the management system without the actual goal of using them as input to improve the&#13;
system most probably will not lead to an effective reduction of negative safety outcomes. For leading indicators to be effective, they should be properly selected, executed, periodically evaluated and actions&#13;
are taken when necessary. </text>
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                <text>Peter Van Derlyke, Luz S. Marín, Majed Zreiqat</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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Human Error Probability Determination in Blasting Process of Ore Mine Using a Hybrid of HEART and Best-Worst Methods (Original article)</text>
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HEART&#13;
Human error probability&#13;
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                <text>Background: One of the important actions for enhancing human reliability in any industry is assessing human error probability (HEP). The HEART technique is a robust tool for calculating HEP in various industries. The traditional HEART has some weaknesses due to expert judgment. For these reasons, a hybrid model is presented in this study to integrate HEART with Best-Worst Method.&#13;
Materials Method: In this study, the blasting process in an iron ore mine was investigated as a case study. The proposed HEART-BWM was used to increase the sensitivity of APOA calculation. Then the HEP was&#13;
calculated using conventional HEART formula. A consistency ratio was calculated using BWM. Finally, for verification of the HEART-BWM, HEP calculation was done by traditional HEART and HEART-BWM.&#13;
Results: In the view of determined HEPs, the results showed that the mean of HEP in the blasting of the iron ore process was 2.57E-01. Checking the full blast of all the holes after the blasting sub-task was the most dangerous task due to the highest HEP value, and it was found 9.646E-01. On the other side, obtaining a permit to receive and transport materials was the most reliable task, and the HEP was 8.54E-04.&#13;
Conclusion: The results showed a good consistency for the proposed technique. Comparing the two techniques confirmed that the BWM makes the traditional HEART faster and more reliable by performing&#13;
the basic comparisons. </text>
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                <text>Mostafa Mirzaei Aliabadi, Iraj Mohammadfam , Ali Reza Soltanian, Kamran Najafi</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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ICOH Statement on Protecting the Occupational Safety and Health of Migrant Workers ()Position Paper</text>
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                <text>Globally, it is estimated that the number of people living outside of their country of origin reached 281 million in 2020. The primary drive of those migrants when migrating voluntarily is work to increase their income and provide for their families left behind in their home countries. Those who migrate immediately seek means of income to sustain themselves through a perilous process as currently evidenced in the war in Ukraine and not too long ago in Syria and Venezuela. Unfortunately, migrant workers are globally known to predominantly be working in “4-D jobs”d dirty, dangerous, and difficult and discriminatory; the fourth D was recently added to acknowledge the discriminatory aspect and other&#13;
social determinants of health migrant workers face in their host country while exposed to precarious work. Consequently, migrant workers are at considerable risk of work-related illnesses and injury but their health needs are critically overlooked in research and policy. Recognizing the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights “Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment”, we cannot consider any human life e thus, the life of migrant workers e as dispensable through a structural discriminatory process that undervalues their occupational safety and health, livelihood and the contribution these workers bring to&#13;
their host countries. This was seen during the preparation for the upcoming world cup in Qatar where migrant workers were exposed to a multiplicity of serious hazards including deadly heat hazards.</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 3 2022</text>
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        <name>Migrants</name>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 3 2022</text>
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Influencing Factors of High PTSD Among Medical Staff During COVID-19: Evidences From Both Meta-analysis and Subgroup Analysis (Review Article)</text>
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                <text>Background: PTSD (Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD) had a great impact on health care workers during the COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019, COVID-19). Better knowledge of the prevalence of PTSD&#13;
and its risk factors is a major public health problem. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and important risk factors of PTSD among medical staff during the COVID-19.&#13;
Methods: The databases were searched for studies published during the COVID-19, and a PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis) compliant systematic review&#13;
(PROSPERO-CRD 42021278970) was carried out to identify articles from multiple databases reporting the prevalence of PTSD outcomes among medical staff. Proportion random effect analysis, I 2 statistic, quality assessment, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis were carried out.&#13;
Results: A total of 28 cross-sectional studies and the PTSD results of doctors and nurses were summarized from 14 and 27 studies: the prevalences were 31% (95% CI [confidence interval, CI]: 21%-40%) and&#13;
38% (95% CI: 30%-45%) in doctors and nurses, respectively. The results also showed seven risks (p &lt; 0.05): long working hours, isolation wards, COVID-19 symptoms, nurses, women, fear of infection, and pre-existing mental illness. Two factors were of borderline significance: higher professional titles and married.&#13;
Conclusion: Health care workers have a higher prevalence of PTSD during COVID-19. Health departments should provide targeted preventive measures for medical staff away from PTSD.</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Issue 3 2022</text>
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