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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Supplement 1 2022&#13;
 Pandemic of COVID-19 and musculoskeletal disorders among construction workers in Bulgaria</text>
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                <text>Pandemic of COVID-19, musculoskeletal disorders, construction workers, Bulgaria</text>
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                <text>Introduction: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are among the most common causes of functional impairment among construction workers. How did pandemic of COVID-19 affect the analysis of temporary morbidity for 2020? This research aims to answer this question and examine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the construction industry.&#13;
Material and methods: We selected a construction company with a staff of 1364 employees and introduced the standard ISO 45001: 2018. We assessed the risk in the workplace, analyzed data on temporary and occupational morbidity and sought the relationship between working conditions and problems aggravating musculoskeletal disorders and some infectious diseases (COVID-19) among employees. Research involving humans has been approved by an ethics committee.&#13;
Results: The data from the hospital lists for 2020 in the construction&#13;
company show 143 sick people with 220 issued primary hospital leaves. In the first place in terms of “severity of cases” are diseases of the musculoskeletal and nervous system with a total of 1355 days of labor loss (28%) of all labor losses. According to the same indicator, infectious diseases diagnosed with COVID-19 account for 8% of all labor losses.&#13;
Conclusions: Pandemic of COVID-19 in 2020 did not affect the health&#13;
of workers. The main priority for the implementation of healthy and safe working conditions in the construction sector remains the development and implementation of programs to reduce musculoskeletal disorders.</text>
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                <text>Lidiya Hristova, Rouja Nikolova, Karolina Lybomirova, Todor Kondurdzhiev</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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“We are our own worst enemy”: a qualitative exploration of work-related stress in the construction industry</text>
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                <text>Introduction: Around 400,000 working days per year are lost in the construction industry due to stress, depression or anxiety, but a large proportion of the industry – those primarily not based “on site” – are not included in these statistics. We explored how stress was experienced and managed by construction professionals and its perceived impact on health. &#13;
Materials and Methods: We interviewed 32 construction professionals in a British construction company, with varying levels of seniority and years in the industry. &#13;
Results: Stress was viewed an inevitable and increasing part of the&#13;
construction industry. Participants talked about a culture of stress and overwork but often felt unable to challenge. Senior management acknowledged stress was a problem. Company-wide initiatives had been implemented to address stress levels but were criticised for ignoring underlying issues. Informal means of managing stress were identified, such as careful consideration of team dynamics which allowed employees to form close bonds and using ‘banter and comradery to relieve stress. However, the persistence of a macho male image meant some participants were reluctant to talk about their feelings at work. Participants described coping strategies (exercise), but these were hard to prioritise in challenging times.&#13;
Conclusions: Industry pressures and competitive practices undermine efforts to improve staff wellbeing. Action must be taken at senior levels to address this conflict, while building on existing informal mechanisms of support and stress relief. </text>
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                <text>Paige Hulls, Frank de Vocht, Richard Martin, Rebecca Langford</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Supplement 1 2022&#13;
5G base station electromagnetic fields assessment: pilot study in Moscow</text>
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Moscow</text>
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                <text>Introduction: Environmental and occupational radiofrequency electro magnetic safety problems are increasing by 5G networks introduction. The correct electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure assessment is one of this problem important aspect. The control methods enhancements suitable for new EMF frequency ranges, widespread radio channels, beamforming technology and cellular standards are crucial for this factor hygienic assessment system in Russia. 5G EMF exposure assessment pilot study was carried out in Moscow.&#13;
Materials and methods: The 5G new radio base stations operated in n79 band with 100 MHz channel bandwidth has been tested in Moscow 5G pilot zones. EMF exposure was assessed under beamforming mode, downlink transmission was implemented by data traffic to user equipment. EMF levels were measured by means of selective meter SRM 3006 (Narda Safety, Germany). The frequency selective measurements were carried out to control the radio channel and SSB power density levels. The data traffic was traced in time domain.&#13;
Results and conclusions: EMF levels in traffic beams varied from&#13;
0.79±0.18 to 7.08±1.42 W/cm2 depending on traffic speed and&#13;
measurement point. The evaluated exposure level was 1.01±1.42 W/&#13;
cm2 at the greatest observed distance from base station (~220 m). The&#13;
selective measurement results allow EMF exposure evaluating from&#13;
separate base station as well as the maximum possible new standard&#13;
contribution for general exposure estimation. The considered EMF&#13;
control methods are actual for hygienic practice at national and&#13;
international levels.</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Supplement 1 2022&#13;
A comparison of muscle activity and force applied between pointing devices in sitting and standing posture</text>
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                <text>Comparison of muscle activity and force applied, sitting,standing psoture</text>
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                <text>Introduction: Intensive use of the pointing device may lead to work-&#13;
related musculoskeletal disorder. Subsequently, changing between &#13;
sitting and standing working posture may influence the force exertion&#13;
during usage of pointing device. This study aims to investigate the muscle activity and force applied characteristics between two types&#13;
of pointing devices (common mouse and trackball) at both sitting and standing posture.&#13;
Material and Methods: Ten right-handed university students (25.5±2.6 years) were recruited. Participants used a common mouse and a trackball to perform Task 1: mouse pointing and click and Task 2: mouse click-drag-release in both sitting and standing posture. Muscle activity of the middle deltoid and upper trapezius was assessed by surface EMG. The force applied on pointing during tasks were measured by a customized force plate with three miniature loadcells (MCSR-5L-FG). Surface EMG and loadcell signal were recorded and synchronized using LabChart v7.1.1. &#13;
Results: Significant main effects of pointing devices (p&lt;0.05) was found in both Task 1 and Task 2 on the force application. Task 1 (standing posture), the average applied forces on common mouse and trackball were 1.1±0.7N and 0.7±0.4N, respectively. Task 2 (standing posture), the average applied forces on common mouse and trackball were 1.8±1.0N and 2.4±0.5N, respectively. No significant main effects of pointing device and posture were found on muscles activity of both middle deltoid and upper trapezius in both tasks.&#13;
Conclusions: Our results indicate posture and pointing device could&#13;
influence the force exertion during clicking and dragging operation.</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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        <name>Comparison of muscle activity and force applied</name>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Supplement 1 2022&#13;
Adaptation to management philosophy and refraining from seeking medical care in Japanese employees: a one-year prospective cohort study</text>
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                <text>Adaptation, management philosophy, refraining, medical care,  Japanese employees</text>
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                <text>Introduction: Due to the growing interest in health and productivity&#13;
management, an increasing number of companies have adopted the&#13;
“pursuit of well-being” or “maintenance and promotion of health” of&#13;
employees as their management philosophy (MP). We examined the&#13;
association between adaptation to MP and refraining from seeking&#13;
medical care (RSMC) among Japanese employees in a single company&#13;
following the MP of “pursuit of employees’ well-being”.&#13;
Material and methods: We surveyed 2,797 employees (2,064 men&#13;
and 733 women) from two factories of a Japanese manufacturing&#13;
company following the MP of “pursuit of employees’ well-being”. We distributed a self-administered questionnaire assessing the adaptation to MP (three items adapted from Wang [2009]) and potential confounders. At one-year follow-up, we measured RSMC with a single question, “In the past year, have you ever refrained from visiting a hospital, clinic, acupuncturist, or dentist despite your sickness (including a slight cold or cavity) or injury?” We conducted multiple logistic regression analyses. &#13;
Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, a significant&#13;
association emerged between lower adaptation to MP and RSMC&#13;
(OR=1.16 [95% CI: 0.93–1.45] and 1.34 [95% CI: 1.04–1.72] for the&#13;
middle- and the low-tertile group of adaptation to MP, respectively,&#13;
p for linear trend=0.018).&#13;
Conclusions: To encourage employees to seek medical care when&#13;
they are not feeling well, it is essential for companies to not only&#13;
set forth the “pursuit of employees’ well-being or health” as their&#13;
MP but also to put that philosophy into practice and to spread it&#13;
throughout the company.</text>
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                <text>Akiomi Inoue, Hisashi Eguchi, Yuko Kachi, Akizumi Tsutsumi</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Supplement 1 2022&#13;
Are mental health problems in prospective healthcare students  increasing? A retrospective analysis of the prevalence of mental health problems amongst university applicants to healthcare courses</text>
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                <text>Objective: This study was conducted at an occupational health unit in a UK University. The primary aims were to establish whether the prevalence and complexity of mental health conditions amongst&#13;
prospective healthcare students is increasing. The secondary aim was to consider the implications to occupational health resourcing. &#13;
Methods: Data was collected retrospectively for the years 2017– 2020 across four courses, Midwifery, Adult, Mental Health and Child Nursing. Students declaring mental health conditions were categorised by complexity and the need for occupational physician input to determine fitness for studies. Data on occupational health referrals relating to mental health concerns during studies was also gathered.&#13;
Results: 2045 students were included of which 644 declared a mental health condition. An increasing prevalence of mental health conditions was seen from 24.3% in 2017 to 37.7% in 2020 (p=0.01). Similarly, the proportion of students with high complexity conditions increased from 3.8% in 2017 to 13.6% in 2020 (p=0.03). The most frequently declared mental health conditions were anxiety and depression (74.8%), eating disorders (7.0%) and post-natal depression (5.9%). The prevalence of eating disorders was noted to have doubled between 2017 to 2020.&#13;
Conclusion: This study has demonstrated an increasing prevalence&#13;
and complexity of mental health conditions. There is a requirement&#13;
for increased occupational health provision to ensure prospective&#13;
healthcare students are adequately assessed prior to commencing&#13;
studies. Further research would be valuable to confirm the results of&#13;
this single centre study. </text>
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                <text>Sunita Babu</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Supplement 1 2022</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Supplement 1 2022&#13;
Association between maternity harassment and postpartum depressive symptoms: a follow-up study during COVID-19 pandemic</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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                <text>maternity harassment, postpartum depressive symptoms, COVID-19 pandemic</text>
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                <text>Introduction: Maternity harassment, known as “pregnancy discrimination” in English, is still prevalent in developed countries.&#13;
However, there is little research on the impact of maternity harassment on perinatal mental health. We aimed to examine the association between maternity harassment and postpartum depressive symptoms in Japan.&#13;
Material and methods: From May, 2020 to March 2021, we followed&#13;
285 pregnant employees (including women who were working at the time their pregnancy was confirmed). Maternity harassment was measured in a web survey during pregnancy and defined as being&#13;
subjected to any of the 16 adverse treatments prohibited by national&#13;
guidelines. Postpartum depressive symptoms were measured using&#13;
the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (Japanese version) in a&#13;
mail survey at 2 months postpartum. Multiple regression analysis&#13;
was performed.&#13;
Results: After adjusting for sociodemographic and occupational factors and fear of covid-19, a significant association observed between maternity harassment and postpartum depressive symptoms (=1.67, p =0.004). When stratified by employment type, we found a significant association between maternity harassment and postpartum depressive symptoms for non-regular employment (=2.13, p =0.049), but not for regular employment (=1.14, p=0.119). &#13;
Conclusions: The findings suggest that maternity harassment has&#13;
adverse effects on postpartum depressive symptoms, especially for&#13;
non-regular employees. To protect the perinatal mental health and&#13;
employment of pregnant women, employers should comply with the&#13;
laws and take measures to prevent maternity harassment.</text>
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                <text>Yuko Kachi, Hisashi Eguchi, Akiomi Inoue, Takeo Fujiwara, Sachiko Baba, Hiroshi Ohta, Akizumi Tsutsumi</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Supplement 1 2022&#13;
Association between reported work in cold environments and stroke occurrence in the CONSTANCES cohort</text>
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                <text>Work , cold environment, stroke occurence</text>
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                <text>Introduction: Cold environments are a potential risk factor for stroke.&#13;
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between performing work tasks in cold environments and the occurrence of&#13;
a first stroke event.&#13;
Methods: From the French population-based cohort CONSTANCES,&#13;
we collected data from baseline questionnaires along with medical&#13;
interviews on cardiovascular risk factors and reported exposure to&#13;
cold temperatures (&lt;10°C) at work. Exposures were categorized as&#13;
rare (&lt;2 h/day), often (≥2 and &lt;4 h/day), and almost always (≥4 h/day). Incidence of stroke was retrieved from the French National Health database. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between working in cold environments and the incidence of stroke. Stratified analysis on stroke types were also conducted.&#13;
Results: There were 160 782 participants and 224 strokes (168 ischemic, 76 hemorrhagic) included in our study. No significant increase of stroke was found for working in cold environments; the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for often or almost always exposed was 1.14 (95% CI, 0.46–2.82). &#13;
Conclusions: This study did not reveal a significant excess risk of stroke&#13;
for occupational exposures to low temperatures. Further studies are&#13;
needed to better assess the effect of preventive measures and very low&#13;
temperature on the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23395">
                <text>Marc Fadel, Grace Sembajwe, Dominique Tripodi, Vincent Bonneterre, &#13;
Annette Leclerc, Yves Roquelaure, Audrey Petit, Alexis Descatha</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23396">
                <text>Elsevier Korea LLC</text>
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                <text>January 2022</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23398">
                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>English</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Supplement 1 2022</text>
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        <name>cold environment</name>
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      <tag tagId="2017">
        <name>Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan</name>
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        <name>stroke occurence</name>
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        <name>Work</name>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Supplement 1 2022</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Supplement 1 2022&#13;
Canadian salmon aquaculture: the absence of antimicrobial resistance from hazard designation in an industry with high reporting of occupational injuries</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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                <text>Canadian salmon aquaculture, antimicrobial</text>
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                <text>Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) exposures can adversely affect the health of workers and their communities, particularly in animal production, but are unlikely to be captured by compensation claims data outside of clinical occupations. Salmon aquaculture is an important industry in Canada that reports high occupational injury rates linked to exposures to diverse hazards. Aquaculture reports antimicrobial use (AMU), yet AMR is not designated as a biological occupational hazard. &#13;
Methods: Occupational claims data from Atlantic Canadian aquaculture were analyzed to describe injury characteristics. Trends in aquaculture AMU and relevant policy were reported to contextualize barriers that prevent surveillance for occupational exposures to AMR factors.&#13;
Results: Injured workers most frequently reported injuries attributed&#13;
to physical and ergonomic hazards leading to soft tissue damage and&#13;
open and superficial wounds to the back, legs, and fingers. AMR&#13;
designation as an occupational hazard is hindered at three distinct&#13;
levels: i) Surveillance program for AMR emergence in aquaculture&#13;
is absent. ii) Latent onset of symptoms linked to occupational AMR&#13;
exposures mitigate against related compensation claims. iii) Data&#13;
reporting gaps impede correlative analyses of AMU and clinical AMR.&#13;
Conclusions: AMR surveillance requires an iterative and One Health approach. Currently, occupational claims data facilitate only retrospective analyses biased towards observable physical injuries&#13;
with clear occupational origins. Surveillance requires a paradigm&#13;
shift that promotes prospective analyses to guide health protective&#13;
strategies.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23428">
                <text>Cory Ochs, Barbara Neis, Kimberley Cullen, Edgar McGuinness, Kapil Tahlan, Atanu Sarkar</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23429">
                <text>Elsevier Korea LLC</text>
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                <text>January 2022</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23431">
                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Format</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23432">
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              <elementText elementTextId="23433">
                <text>English</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="23435">
                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 13 Supplement 1 2022</text>
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        <name>antimicrobial</name>
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