1 10 13 https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/0c5822f8a204a1d2bbd2febf5d3999c3.pdf 7290d7ae631b205d64fdc118cc47d5ed Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 10 issue 2 2020 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 10 issue 2 2020 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Transfusion, mortality and hemoglobin level: Associations among emergency department patients in Kigali, Rwanda Subject The topic of the resource Blood Transfusion Mortality Rwanda LMIC Emergency Anemia Hemoglobin Description An account of the resource Background: Studies from high-income countries (HIC) support restrictive blood transfusion thresholds in medical patients. In low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), the etiologies of anemia and baseline health states differ greatly; optimal transfusion thresholds are unknown. This study evaluated the association of packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion with mortality outcomes across hemoglobin levels amongst emergency center (EC) patients presenting with medical pathology in Kigali, Rwanda. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed using a random sample of patients presenting to the EC at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali. Patients ≥15 years of age, treated for medical emergencies during 2013–16, with EC hemoglobin measurements were included. The relationship between EC PRBC transfusion and patient mortality was evaluated using logistic regression, with stratified analyses performed at hemoglobin levels of 7 mg/dL and 5 mg/dL. Results: Of 3609 cases sampled, 1116 met inclusion. The median age was 42 years (IQR 29, 60) and 45.2% were female. Transfusion occurred in 12.1% of patients. Hematologic (24.4%) and gastrointestinal pathologies (20.7%) were the primary diagnoses of those transfused. Proportional mortality was higher amongst those receiving transfusions, although not statistically significant (23.7% vs 17.0%, p=0.06). No significant difference in adjusted odds of overall mortality by PRBC transfusion was found. In stratified analysis, patients receiving EC transfusions with a hemoglobin >5.0 mg/dL, had 2.21 times the odds of mortality (95% CI 1.51–3.21) as compared to those ≤5.0 mg/dL. Conclusions: No association between PRBC transfusion and odds of mortality was observed amongst EC patients in this LMIC setting. An increased mortality association was found for patients receiving PRBC transfusions with an initial hemoglobin >5 mg/dL. Results suggest benefits from PRBC transfusion are limited as compared to HIC. Further research evaluating emergent transfusion thresholds for medical pathologies should be performed in LMICs to guide practice. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Katelyn Moretti,, Catalina González Marqués, Stephanie Garbern, Gabin Mbanjumucyo, Chantal Uwamahoro, Francesca L. Beaudoin, Siraj Amanullah, Annie Gjelsvik, Adam R. Aluisio Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 9 January 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Blood Transfusion Mortality Rwanda LMIC Emergency Anemia Hemoglobin Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/31d0daec9188e384ca70e4830d8a70b8.pdf 9e8cf7b9a0e1f19ad8378b08c89d1754 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 10 issue 2 2020 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 10 issue 2 2020 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Telephonic description of sepsis among callers to an emergency dispatch centre in South Africa Subject The topic of the resource Emergency medical services Emergency medical dispatch Sepsis Description An account of the resource Introduction: Sepsis is an acute, life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated systemic response to infection. Early medical intervention such as antibiotics and fluid resuscitation can be life-saving. Diagnosis or suspicion of sepsis by an emergency call-taker could potentially improve patient outcome. Therefore, the aim was to determine the keywords used by callers to describe septic patients in South Africa when calling a national private emergency dispatch centre. Methods: A retrospective review of prehospital patient records was completed to identify patients with sepsis in the prehospital environment. A mixed-methods design was employed in two-sequential phases. The first phase was qualitative. Thirty cases of sepsis were randomly selected, and the original call recording was extracted. These recordings were transcribed verbatim and subjected to content analysis to determine keywords of signs and symptoms telephonically. Once keywords were identified, an additional sample of sepsis cases that met inclusion and exclusion criteria were extracted and listened to. The frequency of each of the keywords was quantified. Results: Eleven distinct categories were identified. The most prevalent categories that were used to describe sepsis telephonically were: gastrointestinal symptoms (40%), acute altered mental status (35%), weakness of the legs (33%) and malaise (31%). At least one of these four categories of keywords appeared in 86% of all call recordings. Conclusion: It was found that certain categories appeared in higher frequencies than others so that a pattern could be recognised. Utilising these categories, telephonic recognition algorithms for sepsis could be developed to aid in predicting sepsis over the phone. This would allow for dispatching of the correct level of care immediately and could subsequently have positive effects on patient outcome Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Willem Stassen (PhD), Eric Larsson, Courtney Wood, Lisa Kurland Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available afem Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6 January 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Emergency medical services Emergency medical dispatch Sepsis Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/5304c978d4e0dc6ffe4f6c2999b5e59f.pdf 68659647951eae5d0f09bc5152f3f2d2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 10 issue 2 2020 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 10 issue 2 2020 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Preparedness is key - the challenge of COVID-19 in low resource settings: four checklists from Doctors Worldwide to prepare for COVID-19 Subject The topic of the resource Preparedness is key - the challenge of COVID-19 in low resource settings: four checklists from Doctors Worldwide to prepare for COVID-19 Description An account of the resource For many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) across the globe, the COVID-19 pandemic presents a great challenge to healthcare systems. Images of struggling hospitals in some of the wealthiest countries continue to fill news cycles, showing government plights of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) shortages, low stock and unsatisfactory distribution of ventilators, and cries over the capacity to treat critical patients. Entire hospitals constructed within a matter of weeks with adequate resources on stand-by have drawn praise for the responsiveness of healthcare services in these regions. Within these countries, the pandemic has proven challenging, as well as stretched the capability of their existing systems. When considering LMICs, COVID-19 places significant further strain on fragile healthcare provisions [1] already dealing with many endemic communicable diseases (tuberculosis, malaria, viral hepatitis and HIV) among other infectious disease outbreaks (Lassa fever, cholera) [2]. COVID-19 has the potential to cripple such systems, including areas where strides have been made to strengthen current systems and improve provision. This is even more desperate when reviewing the context and situation within temporary healthcare settings, from field hospitals in regions of conflict to clinics situated within refugee camps. While there is a degree of reassurance in the availability of information surrounding COVID-19, its sheer volume can be overwhelming when considering its translation and implementation within a local setting. The inability to recreate the preparedness “packages” on the level witnessed within high income countries creates the need for an adapted response to save lives. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Guest editorial Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available afem Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 07 May 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan Preparedness is key - the challenge of COVID-19 in low resource settings: four checklists from Doctors Worldwide to prepare for COVID-19 https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/1ef454440afb6a8766bc0d71bb730532.pdf 12e9e101df281bb7cb9f460e32653a8e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 10 issue 2 2020 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 10 issue 2 2020 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Patterns of injury at an Ethiopian referral hospital: Using an institutional trauma registry to inform injury prevention and systems strengthening Subject The topic of the resource Trauma registry Epidemiology Injury prevention Africa Ethiopia Description An account of the resource Background: Data about injury patterns and clinical outcomes are essential to address the burden of injury in low- and middle-income countries. Institutional trauma registries (ITRs) are a key tool for collecting epidemiologic data about injury. This study uses ITR data to describe the demographics and patterns of injury of trauma patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in order to identify opportunities for injury prevention, systems strengthening and further research. Methods: This is an analysis of prospectively collected data from a sustainable ITR at Menelik II Specialized Hospital, a public teaching hospital with trauma expertise. All patients presenting to the hospital with serious injuries requiring intervention or admission over a 13 month period were included. Univariable and bivariable analyses were performed for patient demographics and injury characteristics. Results: A total of 854 patients with serious injuries were treated during the study period. Median age was 33 years and 74% were male. The most common mechanisms of injury were road traffic injuries (RTI) (37%), falls (30%) and blunt assault (17%). Over half of RTI victims were pedestrians. Median delay in presentation was 2 h; 17% of patients presented over 6 h after injury. 58% of patients were referred from another hospital or a clinic, and referrals accounted for 84% of patients arriving by ambulance. Median emergency center length of stay was 2 h and 62% of patients were discharged from the emergency center. Conclusion: This study highlights the utility of institutional trauma registries in collecting crucial injury surveillance data. In Addis Ababa, road safety is an important target for injury prevention. Our findings suggest that the most severely injured patients may not be making it to the referral centers with the capacity to treat their injuries, thus efforts to improve prehospital care and triage are needed. African relevance: Injury is a public health priority in Africa. Institutional trauma registries play a crucial role in efforts to improve trauma care by describing injury epidemiology to identify targets for injury prevention and systems strengthening efforts. In our context, pedestrian safety is a key target for injury prevention. Improving prehospital care and developing referral networks are goals for systems strengthening. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Adam D. Laytin, Nebyou Seyoum, Seyoum Kassa, Catherine J. Juillard, Rochelle A. Dicker Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available afem Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2 January 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan Trauma registry Epidemiology Injury prevention Africa Ethiopia https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/77430e1f041d66dbffb452f76ceedacb.pdf b5d5e46cb51ae93eb36d94c68d074276 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 10 issue 2 2020 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 10 issue 2 2020 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Palliation, end-of-life care and burns; concepts, decision-making and communication – A narrative review Subject The topic of the resource Burns Palliative care Futility Giving bad news Description An account of the resource Palliative care is the turn from cure as the priority of care to symptom relief and comfort care. Although very little is published in the burn literature on palliative care, guidelines can be gleaned from the general literature on palliative care, particularly for acute surgical and critical care patients. Palliative care may be started because of futility, on request of the patient, or because of limited resources. The SPIKES acronym is a useful guide to avoid errors in communication with terminal patients and their relatives Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daan den Hollander, Rene Albertyn, Julia Ambler Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available afem Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 6 January 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Burns Palliative care Futility Giving bad news Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/b1ac947362d9b6a5175b146e232e6cfe.pdf dc99a0a89489e7a6f12574cdd796f730 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 10 issue 2 2020 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 10 issue 2 2020 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Medical student satisfaction and confidence in simulation-based learning in Rwanda – Pre and post-simulation survey research Subject The topic of the resource Developing countries Education, medical Simulation training Paediatrics Description An account of the resource Introduction: Simulation-based learning (SBL) has been shown to effectively improve medical knowledge, procedural proficiency, comfort with undertaking taught tasks, inter-professional communication, teamwork and teaching skills. This study aimed to evaluate Rwandan medical students' attitudes, satisfaction and confidence level with SBL. Methods: Fifth year medical students at the University of Rwanda were given a short course on paediatric acute care using simulation. The simulation sessions were locally developed cases based on the pRRAPID materials, developed at the University of Leeds (UK). Equipment included low fidelity infant mannequins, basic airway devices, IV access, and monitoring. A four-part, Likert-scale questionnaire was distributed to medical students before and after their four-week simulation program. Results: 57 pre-simulation and 49 post-simulation questionnaires were completed. Confidence in skills increased in all fifteen domains of the questionnaire with the total skill confidence score rising from 44.0 (±12.3) to 56.2 (±8.8) after the simulation-based intervention (p<0.001). Satisfaction and attitudes towards simulation-based learning in this setting were very positive. Conclusion: The simulation-based intervention was well received by students in this setting. Satisfaction was high and the simulation exercise increased the students' confidence. Previous research has demonstrated that SBL is effective and the results of this study now demonstrate that it is well received in our setting. As we move from knowledge-based education to a competency-based education culture, faculties in this setting should invest in providing SBL opportunities throughout the medical school curriculum. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Simeon Turatsinzea, Alice Willsonb, Haley Sessionsc, Peter Thomas Cartledged, Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available afem Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 26 January 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Developing countries Education, medical Simulation training Paediatrics Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/37a83fe6821f956692bcb84483faea5f.pdf e6e07cf8858c6e965f5a995d95899873 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 10 issue 2 2020 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 10 issue 2 2020 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Major interpersonal violence cases seen in a Pretoria academic hospital over a one-year period, with emphasis on community assault cases Subject The topic of the resource Interpersonal violence Community assaults Trauma Description An account of the resource Introduction: Interpersonal violence cases make up a significant portion of the trauma cases seen in emergency centres in South Africa. Community assaults are extremely violent attacks on suspected perpetrators by members of the community aimed at inflicting serious injury. The aim of this study was to profile the major interpersonal violence cases at Kalafong Hospital with emphasis on the community assaults and how this group compares with non- community assaults regarding demographics, surgical intervention and mortality. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of the major interpersonal violence cases seen over a one-year period (1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016) at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa. Data was manually collected and entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The Stata 13 statistical program was used for data analysis. Results: During the study period, a total of 578 cases were analysed. Penetrating trauma accounted for 446 (77.2%) cases and blunt trauma for 132 (22.8%) cases. The number of community assault cases was 75 (12.9%). A total of 28 deaths were recorded during this period. Community assaults accounted for 13 (46.4%) of these deaths. Community assault cases had a significantly higher mortality compared to non-community assault cases with 17.3% versus 3%; Odds ratio 6.82 (95% CI 3.04–15.33, p < 0.001). The community assault group also showed a statistically significant difference in the intensive care admission rate with 15.3% compared to 6.9% in the interpersonal violence cases; Odds ratio 2.41 (CI 1.07–5.43, p = 0.028). Conclusion: Community assault cases may present with similar demographics when compared to non-community assault cases, but the difference in disposition and outcome was highlighted in this study with a higher intensive care unit admission rate and a higher mortality rate. A multi-centre follow-up study is recommended to compare demographics across Pretoria and to monitor trends in this subgroup of interpersonal violence cases. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Rulé Human, Mimi Geyser Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available afem Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 13 January 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Interpersonal violence Community assaults Trauma Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/c8af5a4ab4b655385005d9ec36706b4b.pdf 071c4a93177e586d2260b19847b673b3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 10 issue 2 2020 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 10 issue 2 2020 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Interpretation of emergency CT scans in polytrauma: trauma surgeon vs radiologist Subject The topic of the resource CT scans Polytrauma Level 1 trauma centre Description An account of the resource Introduction: Time is critical in the trauma setting. Emergency computed tomography (CT) scans are usually interpreted by the attending doctor and plans to manage the patient are implemented before the formal radiological report is available. This study aims to investigate the discrepancy in interpretation of emergency whole body CT scans in trauma patients by the trauma surgeon and radiologist and to determine if the difference in trauma surgeon and radiologist interpretation of emergency trauma CT scans has an impact on patient management. Method: This prospective observational comparative study was conducted over a 6 month period (01 April–30 September 2016) at the Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital which has a level 1 trauma department. The study population comprised 62 polytrauma patients who underwent a multiphase whole body CT scans as per the trauma imaging protocol. The trauma surgeons' initial interpretation of the CT scan and radiological report were compared. All CT scans reported by the radiology registrar were reviewed by a consultant radiologist. The time from completion of the CT scan and completion of the radiological report was analysed. Results: Since the trauma surgeon accompanied the patient to radiology and reviewed the images as soon as the scan was complete, the initial interpretation of the CT was performed within 15–30 min. The median time between the CT scan completion and reporting turnaround time was 75 (16–218) min. Critical findings were missed by the trauma surgeon in 4.8% of patients (bronchial transection, abdominal aortic intimal tear and cervical spine fracture) and non-critical/incidental findings in 41.94%. The trauma surgeon correctly detected and graded visceral injury in all cases. Conclusion: There was no significant discrepancy in the critical findings on interpretation of whole body CT scans in polytrauma patients by the trauma surgeon and radiologist and therefore no negative impact on patient management from missed injury or misdiagnosis. The turnaround time for the radiology report does not allow for timeous management of the trauma patient. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Priyashini Parag, Timothy Craig Hardcastle Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available afem Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 26 January 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text CT scans Polytrauma Level 1 trauma centre Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/c3d981892fd7a3572d55aa9f12a91bb6.pdf 08833570c4892482f456d6d30a8222c5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 10 issue 2 2020 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 10 issue 2 2020 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Drug dosing errors in simulated paediatric emergencies – Comprehensive dosing guides outperform length-based tapes with precalculated drug doses Subject The topic of the resource PAWPER tape Broselow tape Resuscitation aid Length-based tape Drug dose calculations Description An account of the resource Background: The accuracy of drug dosing calculations during medical emergencies in children has not been evaluated extensively. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of drug dose calculations using the Broselow tape, the PAWPER XL tape plus its companion drug-dosing guide, a custom-designed mobile phone app and no drug-dosing aid (control group). Methods: This was a prospective study in which 32 emergency medicine volunteers participated in eight simulations of common paediatric emergency conditions, using children models. The participants used the three methods to estimate the children's weight and calculate drug doses. The accuracy of and time taken for the drug dose determinations were then evaluated for each of the methods. Results: The overall accuracy of drug dose determinations was extremely and potentially dangerously low in the control group in which no dosing guide was used as well as in the Broselow tape group (<20% of doses were correct). The accuracy was significantly higher with the PAWPER XL tape group and the mobile app group (47% and 31% respectively). The times taken to obtain the required information did not differ in a clinically meaningful magnitude. Conclusions: Both an accurate weight estimation and a dosing guide with comprehensive information were necessary to produce an accurate prescription. The information on the Broselow tape was not sufficient for this purpose. The current guidelines recommending the use of tapes with limited information should be revised. The results from the comprehensive dosing guides were substantially better, but still had a lower proportion of accurate prescriptions than desirable. The role of training in every aspect of the emergency paediatric weight estimation and drug dosing procedure cannot be underestimated and should be routine in any environment where emergency care may be needed. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mike Wells, Lara Goldstein Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available afem Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 9 January 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan PAWPER tape Broselow tape Resuscitation aid Length-based tape Drug dose calculations https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/0925801799391961ea885a4dd911398a.pdf 646b347fba6e956b13a1618d9fd084b9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 10 issue 2 2020 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 10 issue 2 2020 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Clinical teams' experiences of crowding in public emergency centres in Cape Town, South Africa Subject The topic of the resource Qualitative research Emergency care South Africa Description An account of the resource Introduction: Crowding is a significant challenge for emergency centres (ECs) globally. While South Africa is not alone in reckoning with high patient demand and insufficient resources to treat these patients; staff-to-patient ratios are generally lower than in the Global North. The study of crowding and its consequences for patient care is a key research priority for strengthening the quality and efficacy of emergency care in South Africa. The study set out to understand frontline staff's perspectives on crowding in Cape Town public ECs to learn how they cope in such high- pressure working conditions, determine what they see as the factors contributing to crowding, and obtain their recommendations for reform. Methods: This research is a qualitative study from interviews and observations at five ECs in Cape Town, conducted in June and July 2017. In total 43 staff were interviewed individually or in pairs. The interviews included physicians of varying levels of experience (25), and registered or enrolled nurses (18). Data were analysed with the qualitative text-analysis software NVivo. Results: Both doctors and nurses saw crowding as a consequence of three factors: 1) limited bed space in the EC, 2) insufficient health professionals to care for admitted patients, and 3) the presence of boarders. Systemic or organizational factors as well as human resource scarcity were determined to be the key reasons for crowding. Discussion: With its high patient acuity and volume and its limited human and material resources, South Africa is an important case study for understanding how emergency care providers manage working in crowded conditions. The solutions to crowding recommended by interviewees were to expand the EC workforce and to add discharge lounges and examination tables. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Catherine van de Ruit Sa'ad Lahri, Lee A. Wallis Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available afem Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 20 December 2019 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan Qualitative research Emergency care South Africa