1 10 39 https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/4b43bc2ecb55bc7e0c5bbcce3a36b941.pdf cae9739cc558404646ff5444c73508dc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Strengthening emergency care by developing data collection systems in low- and middle-income countries Subject The topic of the resource Data collection systems Emergency department Epidemiology studies Electronic health record HER Description An account of the resource Emergency care surveillance as well as registries of emergency care are largely absent in most LMICs. Improper data systems in Emergency Department create an important gap in our understanding about the health of large portions of the population. Clinical data systems in LMICs and lower-resource settings will foster research and generation of contextualized evidence Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aaditya Katyal, Akshay Kumar , Preethy Rajesh, Roshan Mathew, Sanjeev Bhoi Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available elsevier Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4 September 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Data collection systems Emergency department Epidemiology studies Electronic health record HER Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/4deb2d76a17f052d03d5a77e9935d1fc.pdf adc770698bee1bab78aa74b511440b52 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Ethylene glycol poisoning: A diagnostic challenge in a patient with persistent seizures and a severe metabolic acidosis Subject The topic of the resource Ethylene glycol poisoning Toxic alcohols High anion gap metabolic acidosis Status epilepticus Case report Description An account of the resource South Africa, several cases of toxic alcohol ingestion presented to our emergency unit. Many of these patients admitted to making home brews of alcohol while others simply use industrial toxic alcohols. The diagnosis of these poisonings is challenging as direct assays are not available in our setting. Case report: We present a case of presumed ethylene glycol poisoning that presented with persistent seizures and a high anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA). Discussion: A high index of suspicion for toxic alcohol poisoning should be maintained in patients presenting with an altered mental status, seizures and a HAGMA. Indirect markers such as clinical features and laboratory results can lead to the diagnosis when direct assays are unavailable. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Almien Smit , Vidya Lalloo, Andreas Engelbrecht Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available ELSEVIER Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 22 October 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource PERI IRAWAN Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Ethylene glycol poisoning Toxic alcohols High anion gap metabolic acidosis Status epilepticus Case report Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/ab73dc9795e0567bb5b4f3183b644806.pdf 9f06e0ee49ebbd6c3f811198fe20a684 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Evaluation of the clinical outcome of captopril use for hypertensive urgency in Khartoum State’s emergency centres Subject The topic of the resource Captopril Hypertensive urgency Sudan Blood pressure Clinical outcome Description An account of the resource Background: Captopril is an important drug and is used to control hypertensive urgency world-wide. But there is very little data available regarding the evaluation of its outcomes in hypertensive urgency among African patients. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of captopril use for hypertensive urgency at a selection of Sudanese emergency centres. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted between 15 to 30 November 2015. A total of 50 patients, attending a selection of Khartoum State hospital emergency centres, with a clinical diagnosis of hypertensive urgency were approached by investigators for the study. Dose regimen, prognosis, and reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were collected alongside a questionaire to patients regarding their care (compliance, etc.). Data were analysed using the Chi-square Test to compare the mean differences for various results. Differences were considered to be significant at P < 0.05. Results: Around two-thirds (60%) of participants were female, and 28% were non-compliant with treatment. A 25mg dose of captopril was the most frequently used dose. Most of the patients (66%) did not have pre-existing disease. The majority of patients showed an improved blood pressure: both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced by 16-25% and 5-15%, respectively. Conclusion: The study concluded that the dose of 25 mg of captopril is effective in managing hypertensive urgency and controlling the blood pressure. We also recommend that patients receiving captopril must be observed in the emergency centre for further evaluation. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Amgad H.H. Obied , Aimun A.E. Ahmed Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available ELSEVIER Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 11 October 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource PERI IRAWAN Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Captopril Hypertensive urgency Sudan Blood pressure Clinical outcome Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/697144ca3cd3e37799a75ed704e87432.pdf 50b28aa8f2415db004ea05a6416055a8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 African Journal of Emergency Medicine A mandatory Emergency Medicine clerkship influences students’ career choices in a developing system Subject The topic of the resource Medical student Emergency medicine Career Perception Description An account of the resource Background: Attracting medical students for a front-line specialty, Emergency Medicine, is challenging in many countries. The available literature is scarce and bounded to the mature emergency care and education systems. In the countries where emergency medicine is a new specialty and has different contextual needs, the perception of the students and their career interest in emergency medicine specialty is an unanswered question. Objective: We aimed to study the effects of a mandatory Emergency Medicine (EM) clerkship on students’ perceptions and their future career choice to be emergency physicians. Methods: A voluntary de-identified survey was prospectively collected before and after the EM clerkship to capture students’ perceptions in four domains (EM clerkship, EM physicians, EM patients, and EM specialty as a career choice). The survey included 24 statements having five-point Likert scale for each statement. Nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Sixty-seven students responded to both surveys (response rate of 85%). Students’ perceptions have significantly improved on the EM physicians, and their job after attending the clerkship (p < 0.001). They found EM a respected (p = 0.038), flexible (p < 0.001), secure (p < 0.001), satisfying, and prestigious (p = 0.006) job. They found EM physicians compassionate (p < 0.011), have adequate patient contact (p < 0.045) and control on their time (0.004). Choosing EM as a future career has significantly increased after clerkship (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our mandatory EM clerkship significantly improved students’ perceptions on EM specialty as a future career choice. A well-structured and mandatory EM clerkship can attract more students to be trained in the EM Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Arif Alper Cevik , Elif Dilek Cakal , Sami Shaban ,Margret El Zubeir , Fikri M. Abu-Zidan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 9 August 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan Medical student Emergency medicine Career Perception https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/d2d88eadd0bfae2fa2a2c7f6cdb9634c.pdf 569f28536fdc2b9afa7864b01166f718 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Patterns of road traffic accident, nature of related injuries, and post-crash outcome determinants in western Ethiopia - a hospital based study Subject The topic of the resource Road traffic accident Severity Patterns Outcomes Determinants Western Ethiopia Description An account of the resource Introduction: Ethiopia is one of the countries with the worst road traffic accident records in the world and it ranks second among east African countries. There have not been sufficient studies that mainly reflect the post-crash determinants of deaths and this study was therefore done to assess the overall nature of injuries and the postcrash outcome determinants of road the traffic accident in western part of Ethiopia. Methods: This was a hospital-based prospective study conducted from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019 using an area sampling technique. Five administrative zones in west Ethiopia were initially selected as a geographical cluster; out of which, four zones were randomly selected. Then, a total of four hospitals were conveniently selected. Finally, 327 people injured in road traffic accidents and brought to the selected hospitals were consecutively included. Results: Overall, 189 (66.1%) of the casualties have sustained multiple injuries and 65 (24.0%) of them have got severe injuries. About 38.8% and 13.6% have respectively died and discharged with permanent disabilities. A longer distance from receiving hospital (AOR: 1.4, 95% CI [0.48–4.08]), singleness in the number of injury (AOR: 4.3, 95% CI [2.08–9.8]), and lack of receiving pre-hospital care (AOR: 4.072, 95% CI [1.197–13.85]) had statistical associations with increased number of death. On the other hand, injured people who were taken to the hospitals by police officers (AOR: 0.371, 95% CI [0.160–0.860]) than emergency medical technicians and those who were transported by other vehicles (AOR: 2. 58, 95% CI [1.21–5.52]) than ambulance have ironically survived more. Conclusion: This study concludes that the road traffic accidents related deaths occur largely due to the seriousness of injuries and are exacerbated by lack of adequate pre-hospital emergency care services, costing the lives of many Ethiopians. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ashenafi Habte Woyessa , Worku Dechasa Heyi , Nesru Hiko Ture , Burtukan Kebede Moti Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available elsevier Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 5 September 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan Road traffic accident Severity Patterns Outcomes Determinants Western Ethiopia https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/7265d9f6d4c84f50c664458b43b5abf0.pdf 047f9a993a9efc5f6481b969cbeee844 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Injured and broke: The impacts of the Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) on service delivery and catastrophic health expenditure among seriously injured children Subject The topic of the resource Ghana Financial risk protection Universal health coverage Trauma Children Description An account of the resource Introduction: Ghana implemented a National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in 2003 as a step toward universal health coverage. We aimed to determine the effect of the NHIS on timeliness of care, mortality, and catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) among children with serious injuries at a trauma center in Ghana. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of injured children aged <18 years who required surgery (i. e., proxy for serious injury) at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital from 2015 to 2016. Household income data was obtained from the Ghana Statistical Service. CHE was defined as out-of-pocket payments to annual household income ≥10%. Differences in insured and uninsured children were described. Multivariable regression was used to assess the effect of NHIS on time to surgery, length of stay, in-hospital mortality, out-of-pocket expenditure and CHE. Results: Of the 263 children who met inclusion criteria, 70% were insured. Mechanism of injury, triage scores and Kampala Trauma Score II were similar in both groups (all p > 0.10). Uninsured children were more likely to have a delay in care for financial reasons (17.3 vs 6.4%, p < 0.001) than insured children, and the families of uninsured children paid a median of 1.7 times more out-of-pocket costs than families with insured children (p < 0.001). Eighty-six percent of families of uninsured children experienced CHE compared to 54% of families of insured children (p < 0.001); however, 64% of all families experienced CHE. Insurance was protective against CHE (aOR 0.21, 95%CI 0.08–0.55). Conclusions: NHIS did not improve timeliness of care, length of stay or mortality. Although NHIS did provide some financial risk protection for families, it did not eliminate out-of-pocket payments. The families of most seriously injured children experienced CHE, regardless of insurance status. NHIS and similar financial risk pooling schemes could be strengthened to better provide financial risk protection and promote quality of care for injured children Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Barclay T. Stewart , Adam Gyedu , Stephanie K. Goodman , Godfred Boakye , John W. Scott , Peter Donkor , Charles Mock Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available elsevier Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 21 September 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Ghana Financial risk protection Universal health coverage Trauma Children Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/add938c5d165e97b2790972955a788a2.pdf dd1c488607c267aeaf96af5cda97ebc1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Awareness and attitude of final year students towards the learning and practice of cardiopulmonary resuscitation at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria Subject The topic of the resource Awareness Attitude Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Basic life support (BLS) Students Description An account of the resource Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major cause of sudden cardiac death which can be prevented by early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). International bodies recommend that basic life support (BLS) skills be taught in schools in order to increase the rate of bystander CPR and reduce mortality from OHCA. We are not aware of any BLS education program for non-healthcare students in Nigeria. This study was to assess the awareness and attitude to acquiring BLS skills among university students. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among final year university undergraduates using a questionnaire that assessed students’ sociodemographic characteristics, awareness of CPR, previous experiences, and attitude to basic life support (BLS). Counts and proportions were compared for the demographic characteristics using Chisquared and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: Four hundred and seventy-five students from 15 faculties participated in this study, median age was 22.8 years (interquartile range: 21.2–24.5 years). Majority (82.5%) have heard of CPR, 29.7% have undergone CPR training; 77.3% of those who had been trained were confident that they could perform CPR. Previous CPR training was significantly associated with faculty, year of study and age. Eighty-nine (18.7%) students have witnessed someone die from a trauma. Four hundred and fifty (94.7%) respondents would like to get BLS training, 440 (92.6%) think that CPR training should be included in the school curriculum. Conclusion: There is good awareness and positive attitude to the acquisition and practice of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among university students in Nigeria. Few students however, have been trained to administer bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Therefore, there is a need to implement university wide BLS education in Nigeria. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Boluwatife Adeleye Adewale , Daniel Ehis Aigbonoga , Abiodun David Akintayo , Peter Seyi Aremu , Oluwaseun Akinola Azeez , Suliyat Dolapo Olawuwo , Joshua Damilare Adeleke , Oluwatobi Simeon Kazeem , Eghonghon Okojie ,Richard Ayobami Oguntoye Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available ELSEVIER Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 23 September 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource PERI IRAWAN Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Awareness Attitude Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Basic life support (BLS) Students Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/df5d69a8f52cb3f1aaa4533241a77b14.pdf 97826a2013b700c016e8ddc39b61e4cf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Association between volume resuscitation & mortality among injured patients at a tertiary care hospital in Kigali, Rwanda Subject The topic of the resource Injury care Resuscitation Global health Low- & middle-income countries Description An account of the resource Background: Injuries cause significant morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan African countries such as Rwanda. These burdens may be compounded by limited access to intravenous (IV) resuscitation fluids such as crystalloids and blood products. This study evaluates the association between emergency department (ED) intravenous volume resuscitation and mortality outcomes in adult trauma patients treated at the University Teaching Hospital-Kigali (UTH- K). Methods: Data were abstracted using a structured protocol for a random sample of ED patients treated during periods from 2012 to 2016. Patients under 15 years of age were excluded. Data collected included demographics, clinical aspects, types of IV fluid resuscitation provided and outcomes. The primary outcome was facility-based mortality. Descriptive statistics were used to explore characteristics of the population. Kampala Trauma Scores (KTS) were used to control for injury severity. Magnitudes of effects were quantified using multivariable regression models adjusted for gender, KTS, time period, clinical interventions, presence of head injury and transfer to a tertiary care centre to yield adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: From the random sample of 3609 cases, 991 trauma patients were analysed. The median age was 32 [IQR 26, 46] years and 74.3% were male. ED volume resuscitation was given to 50.1% of patients with 43.5% receiving crystalloid and 6.4% receiving crystalloid and packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions. The median KTS score was 13 [IQR 12, 13]. In multivariable regression, mortality likelihood was increased in those who received crystalloid (aOR = 4.31, 95%CI 1.24, 15.05, p = 0.022) and PRBC plus crystalloid (aOR = 9.97, 95%CI 2.15,46.17, p = 0.003) as compared to trauma patients not treated with IV resuscitation fluids. Conclusions: Injured ED patients treated with volume resuscitation had higher mortality, which may be due to unmeasured confounding or therapies provided. Further studies on fluid resuscitation in trauma populations in resource-limited settings are needed. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Catalina Gonz´alez Marqu´es , Katelyn Moretti , Siraj Amanullah , Chantal Uwamahoro , Vincent Ndebwanimana , Stephanie Garbern , Sonya Naganathan , Kyle Martin , Joseph Niyomiza , Annie Gjesvik , Menelas Nkeshimana , Adam C. Levine , Adam R. Aluisio Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available ELSEVIER Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 21 September 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource PERI IRAWAN Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Injury care Resuscitation Global health Low- & middle-income countries Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/b507fe37c434384459b6d6d5adb7ced0.pdf 65520b3602b3c303dd01dde89f2fef74 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Drop for drop: A descriptive analysis of blood product usage in a South African tertiary care setting during the Covid-19 pandemic Subject The topic of the resource Covid-19 Corona Blood Transfusion Trauma Description An account of the resource Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has had a drastic effect on the global community. Blood products are precious resources especially in the African context and this has been especially compounded during the Covid- 19 pandemic. Concurrent to this during the Covid-19 level 5 lockdown in South Africa from 26 March – 30 April 2020, a decrease in trauma admissions to state hospitals was noted. The aim of this data collection was to assess whether lowered blood product issuance was seen during the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown. Method: Areas at Tygerberg Hospital with trauma patients were identified, namely: the A1W intensive care unit (Surgical ICU), Trauma Front Room (Trauma Admissions), Trauma Resuscitation unit (Trauma Resus Area) and J7(Trauma Ward). Data of blood product issuance (red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma) for these 4 areas was provided by the Western Cape Blood Service for the period 26 March-30 April 2018, 2019 and 2020. This included the stage 5 Covid-19 South African lockdown, as well as Easter for all three years which is traditionally associated with raised trauma admissions. This data was quantitative. Results: 201 products were issued in 2018 versus 103 for the same period in 2020 for the 4 trauma areas in Tygerberg Hospital. The surgical ICU received the most products over 3 years with 183 of the product issuances. Discussion: As expected there was a significant decrease in blood product (red blood cell and fresh frozen plasma) issuance during the 2020 period which paralleled the lowered trauma numbers. This represented a significant cost saving of over R150 000 despite increased yearly costs for blood products over the same period. This data collection did not consider the reasoning for these blood transfusions or the clinical appropriateness thereof. The author acknowledges the wide variability of transfusion thresholds and protocols within various centres around the world, including Tygerberg and was not seeking to prove commentary on the appropriateness thereof in this research. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Danielle C. Shead Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available ELSEVIER Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 30 September 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource PERI IRAWAN Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Covid-19 Corona Blood Transfusion Trauma Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/5b715ea4267805d7c181d78e222b7859.pdf 0f8ea667f776318bd9c11e468f7a34fb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 African Journal of Emergency Medicine International Federation for Emergency Medicine global research primer Subject The topic of the resource International Federation for Emergency Medicine global research primer Description An account of the resource This special edition issue for the African Journal of Emergency Medicine was commissioned by the International Federation for Emergency Medicine (IFEM). Within this issue are 14 articles with a focus on conducting research in resource limited settings. The project is a joint effort between the Core Curriculum and Education Committee, and the Research Committee of IFEM. As global emergency care needs increase and the practice of emergency medicine expands across the world, it is necessary to increase evidence-based medicine for clinical and systems improvements in resource limited settings. Emergency clinicians are well suited to identify, define and address unanswered research questions using both quantitative and qualitative approaches to research. The Global Emergency Medicine Literature Review (GEMLR), published annually, is a resource providing the breadth and depth of research relevant to global emergency care practice. As the need for emergency care systems in lowand middle-income countries increases, it is imperative to address key knowledge gaps in emergency medicine practiced in resource limited settings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Editorial Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text International Federation for Emergency Medicine global research primer Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan