1 10 39 https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/697144ca3cd3e37799a75ed704e87432.pdf 50b28aa8f2415db004ea05a6416055a8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 African Journal of Emergency Medicine A mandatory Emergency Medicine clerkship influences students’ career choices in a developing system Subject The topic of the resource Medical student Emergency medicine Career Perception Description An account of the resource Background: Attracting medical students for a front-line specialty, Emergency Medicine, is challenging in many countries. The available literature is scarce and bounded to the mature emergency care and education systems. In the countries where emergency medicine is a new specialty and has different contextual needs, the perception of the students and their career interest in emergency medicine specialty is an unanswered question. Objective: We aimed to study the effects of a mandatory Emergency Medicine (EM) clerkship on students’ perceptions and their future career choice to be emergency physicians. Methods: A voluntary de-identified survey was prospectively collected before and after the EM clerkship to capture students’ perceptions in four domains (EM clerkship, EM physicians, EM patients, and EM specialty as a career choice). The survey included 24 statements having five-point Likert scale for each statement. Nonparametric Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Sixty-seven students responded to both surveys (response rate of 85%). Students’ perceptions have significantly improved on the EM physicians, and their job after attending the clerkship (p < 0.001). They found EM a respected (p = 0.038), flexible (p < 0.001), secure (p < 0.001), satisfying, and prestigious (p = 0.006) job. They found EM physicians compassionate (p < 0.011), have adequate patient contact (p < 0.045) and control on their time (0.004). Choosing EM as a future career has significantly increased after clerkship (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our mandatory EM clerkship significantly improved students’ perceptions on EM specialty as a future career choice. A well-structured and mandatory EM clerkship can attract more students to be trained in the EM Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Arif Alper Cevik , Elif Dilek Cakal , Sami Shaban ,Margret El Zubeir , Fikri M. Abu-Zidan Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 9 August 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan Medical student Emergency medicine Career Perception https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/39a367368a0260cb3a16d096762fb75f.pdf 553ce15905e1dab81632bd5d2373d56a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 African Journal of Emergency Medicine A retrospective comparison of the burden of organophosphate poisoning to an Intensive Care Unit in Soweto over two separate periods Subject The topic of the resource Organophosphorus Poisoning Toxicology Africa Intensive care Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan Organophosphorus Poisoning Toxicology Africa Intensive care https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/47cc06f9937c17898be35c27c6b26843.pdf f8295dbd94b75ce918bc28edb277e5a5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Adult medical emergency unit presentations due to adverse drug reactions in a setting of high HIV prevalence Subject The topic of the resource Emergency department Adverse drug reaction Prevalence HIV Description An account of the resource Introduction: South Africa has the world’s largest antiretroviral treatment programme, which may contribute to the adverse drug reaction (ADR) burden. We aimed to determine the proportion of adult non-trauma emergency unit (EU) presentations attributable to ADRs and to characterise ADR-related EU presentations, stratified according to HIV status, to determine the contribution of drugs used in management of HIV and its complications to ADR-related EU presentations, and identify factors associated with ADR-related EU presentation. Methods: We conducted a retrospective folder review on a random 1.7% sample of presentations over a 12-month period in 2014/2015 to the EUs of two hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa. We identified potential ADRs with the help of a trigger tool. A multidisciplinary panel assessed potential ADRs for causality, severity, and preventability. Results: We included 1010 EU presentations and assessed 80/1010 (7.9%) as ADR-related, including 20/239 (8.4%) presentations among HIV-positive attendees. Among HIV-positive EU attendees with ADRs 17/20 (85%) were admitted, versus 22/60 (37%) of HIV-negative/unknown EU attendees. Only 5/21 (24%) ADRs in HIVpositive EU attendees were preventable, versus 24/63 (38%) in HIV-negative/unknown EU attendees. On multivariate analysis, only increasing drug count was associated with ADR-related EU presentation (adjusted odds ratio 1.10 per additional drug, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.18), adjusted for age, sex, HIV status, comorbidity, and hospital. Conclusions: ADRs caused a significant proportion of EU presentations, similar to findings from other resourcelimited settings. The spectrum of ADR manifestations in our EUs reflects South Africa’s colliding epidemics of infectious and non-communicable diseases. ADRs among HIV-positive EU attendees were more severe and less likely to be preventable. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johannes P. Mouton, Nicole Jobanputra , Christine Njuguna , Hannah Gunter , Annemie Stewart , Ushma Mehta , Sa’ad Lahri , Richard Court , Ehimario Igumbor , Gary Maartens , Karen Cohen Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available elsevier Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 19 October 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Emergency department Adverse drug reaction Prevalence HIV Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/52bc7006206ce4a9b04c725b05bf163e.pdf 1044b16860069ff87209e19999d57880 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 African Journal of Emergency Medicine An electronic survey of preferred podcast format and content requirements among trainee emergency medicine specialists in four Southern African universities Subject The topic of the resource Emergency medicine Online education Podcasts FOAMed Asynchronous online learning Description An account of the resource Introduction: Global usage of educational Emergency Medicine (EM) podcasts is popular and ever-increasing. This study aims to explore the desired content, format and delivery characteristics of a potential educational, contextspecific Southern African EM podcast, by investigating current podcast usages, trends and preferences among Southern African EM registrars of varying seniority. Methods: We developed an electronic survey - using a combination of existing literature, context-specific specialist-training guidance, and input from local experts – exploring preferred podcast characteristics among EM registrars from four Southern African universities. Results: The study’s response rate was 75%, with 24 of the 39 respondents being junior registrars. Ninety-four percent (94%) of respondents used EM podcasts as an educational medium: 64% predominantly using podcasts to supplement a personal EM study program. The primary mode of accessing podcasts was via personal mobile devices (84%). Additionally, respondents preferred a shorter podcast duration (5–15 min), favoured multimedia podcasts (56%) and showed an apparent aversion toward recorded faculty lectures (5%). Eighty-two percent (82%) of respondents preferred context-specific podcast content, with popular topics including toxicology (95%), cardiovascular emergencies (79%) and medico-legal matters (74%). Just-in-Time learning proved an unpopular learning strategy in our study population, despite its substantial educational value. Conclusion: Podcast-usage proved to be near-ubiquitous among the studied Southern African EM registrars. Quintessentially, future context-specific podcast design should cater for mobile device-use, shorter duration podcasts, more video content, context-specific topics, and content optimised for both Just-in-Time learning. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource K. Ekambaram , H. Lamprecht , V. Lalloo , N. Caruso , A. Engelbrecht , W. Jooste Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available elsevier Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 30 October 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Emergency medicine Online education Podcasts FOAMed Asynchronous online learning Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/6c7e52f74f853ce025b69d482acd2781.pdf 2c0a04f0b9900443f20aa6c3765275d3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Application of the World Health Organization’s Basic Emergency Care course in Zambia Subject The topic of the resource Emergency care Emergency care systems Zambia Education Basic Emergency Care Description An account of the resource Background: In 2013, the Zambian Ministry of Health identified action priorities for strengthening their emergency care system; one of these priorities was emergency care training for healthcare providers. To rapidly train the existing cadre of frontline providers, trainings were implemented in multiple provinces using the World Health Organization’s Basic Emergency Care (BEC) course. The BEC course is open-access and emphasizes a practical syndrome-based approach to critical emergency conditions. This paper describes the first reported larger scale educational intervention of the BEC course in 7 provinces of Zambia. Methods: Course delivery occurred at seven Zambian hospitals selected by the Ministry of Health over a 1 year period. Participant emergency care knowledge was assessed pre- and post-course with a 25-question multiple choice exam. Participant confidence levels related to emergency care provision and emergency care skills were assessed pre- and post-course using a Likert scale survey. Results: Overall, 210 participants were trained at 7 sites. Participants demonstrated significant improvements in their multiple-choice exam scores; the overall pre-course mean was 61.47, and the post-course mean was 79.87 (p < 0.0001). Self-reported confidence in the care of ill and injured adults and children increased after taking the course, and participants generally agreed that the BEC course was highly valuable and applicable to local needs. Conclusion: Implementation of the WHO’s BEC course at seven hospitals throughout Zambia led to improvement in the participants’ emergency care knowledge and confidence levels at all sites. The BEC course has the potential to be implemented in a nationwide initiative but would require allocation of significant human and physical resources. Additional work evaluating patient outcomes and long-term participant educational outcomes is needed. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Morgan C. Broccoli , Julia Dixon , Branden Skarpiak , Godfrey Phiri , Andrew E. Muck , Emilie J. Calvello Hynes Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available elsevier Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 11 September 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Emergency care Emergency care systems Zambia Education Basic Emergency Care Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/95f314637b97ed414f9fe1b3a6cabfce.pdf ff0f379d5ec326de3b88c9e8b055d3b3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Assessment of documented adherence to critical actions in paediatric emergency care at a district-level public hospital in South Africa Subject The topic of the resource Paediatric emergency medicine Paediatrics Resource-limited setting Child health Quality care Description An account of the resource Introduction: The provision of high-quality care is vital to improve child health and survival rates. A simple, practice-based tool was recently developed to evaluate the quality of paediatric emergency care in resourcelimited settings in Africa. This study used the practice-based tool to describe the documented adherence to critical actions in paediatric emergency care at an urban district-level hospital in South Africa and assess its relation to clinical outcomes. Methods: This study is a retrospective observational study covering a 19-month period (September 2017 to March 2019). Patients <13 years old, presenting to the emergency centre with one of six sentinel presentations (seizure, altered mental status, diarrhoea, fever, respiratory distress and polytrauma) were eligible for inclusion. In the patients’ files, critical actions specific for each presentation were checked for completion. Post-hoc, a seventh group ‘multiple diagnoses’ was created for patients with more than one sentinel disease. The action completion rate was tested for association with clinical outcomes. Results: In total, 388 patients were included (median age 1.1 years, IQR 0.3–3.6). The action completion rate varied from 63% (polytrauma) to 90% (respiratory distress). Participants with ≥75% action completion rate were younger (p < 0.001), presented with high acuity (p < 0.001), were more likely to be admitted (adjusted OR 2.2, 95%CI: 1.2–4.1), and had a hospital stay ≥4 days (adjusted OR 3.4, 95%CI: 1.5–7.9). Conclusion: A high completion rate was associated with young age, a high patient acuity, hospital admission, length of hospital stay ≥4 days, and the specific sentinel presentation. Future research should determine whether or not documented care corresponds with the quality of delivered care and the predictive value regarding clinical outcome. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Esm´ee A. Berends , Elaine Erasmus , Nicole R. van Veenendaal , Suzan N. Mukonkole , Sa’ad Lahri , Dani¨el J. Van Hoving Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available elsevier Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 4 September 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan Paediatric emergency medicine Paediatrics Resource-limited setting Child health Quality care https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/df5d69a8f52cb3f1aaa4533241a77b14.pdf 97826a2013b700c016e8ddc39b61e4cf Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Association between volume resuscitation & mortality among injured patients at a tertiary care hospital in Kigali, Rwanda Subject The topic of the resource Injury care Resuscitation Global health Low- & middle-income countries Description An account of the resource Background: Injuries cause significant morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan African countries such as Rwanda. These burdens may be compounded by limited access to intravenous (IV) resuscitation fluids such as crystalloids and blood products. This study evaluates the association between emergency department (ED) intravenous volume resuscitation and mortality outcomes in adult trauma patients treated at the University Teaching Hospital-Kigali (UTH- K). Methods: Data were abstracted using a structured protocol for a random sample of ED patients treated during periods from 2012 to 2016. Patients under 15 years of age were excluded. Data collected included demographics, clinical aspects, types of IV fluid resuscitation provided and outcomes. The primary outcome was facility-based mortality. Descriptive statistics were used to explore characteristics of the population. Kampala Trauma Scores (KTS) were used to control for injury severity. Magnitudes of effects were quantified using multivariable regression models adjusted for gender, KTS, time period, clinical interventions, presence of head injury and transfer to a tertiary care centre to yield adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: From the random sample of 3609 cases, 991 trauma patients were analysed. The median age was 32 [IQR 26, 46] years and 74.3% were male. ED volume resuscitation was given to 50.1% of patients with 43.5% receiving crystalloid and 6.4% receiving crystalloid and packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions. The median KTS score was 13 [IQR 12, 13]. In multivariable regression, mortality likelihood was increased in those who received crystalloid (aOR = 4.31, 95%CI 1.24, 15.05, p = 0.022) and PRBC plus crystalloid (aOR = 9.97, 95%CI 2.15,46.17, p = 0.003) as compared to trauma patients not treated with IV resuscitation fluids. Conclusions: Injured ED patients treated with volume resuscitation had higher mortality, which may be due to unmeasured confounding or therapies provided. Further studies on fluid resuscitation in trauma populations in resource-limited settings are needed. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Catalina Gonz´alez Marqu´es , Katelyn Moretti , Siraj Amanullah , Chantal Uwamahoro , Vincent Ndebwanimana , Stephanie Garbern , Sonya Naganathan , Kyle Martin , Joseph Niyomiza , Annie Gjesvik , Menelas Nkeshimana , Adam C. Levine , Adam R. Aluisio Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available ELSEVIER Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 21 September 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource PERI IRAWAN Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Injury care Resuscitation Global health Low- & middle-income countries Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/add938c5d165e97b2790972955a788a2.pdf dd1c488607c267aeaf96af5cda97ebc1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Awareness and attitude of final year students towards the learning and practice of cardiopulmonary resuscitation at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria Subject The topic of the resource Awareness Attitude Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Basic life support (BLS) Students Description An account of the resource Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major cause of sudden cardiac death which can be prevented by early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). International bodies recommend that basic life support (BLS) skills be taught in schools in order to increase the rate of bystander CPR and reduce mortality from OHCA. We are not aware of any BLS education program for non-healthcare students in Nigeria. This study was to assess the awareness and attitude to acquiring BLS skills among university students. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among final year university undergraduates using a questionnaire that assessed students’ sociodemographic characteristics, awareness of CPR, previous experiences, and attitude to basic life support (BLS). Counts and proportions were compared for the demographic characteristics using Chisquared and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: Four hundred and seventy-five students from 15 faculties participated in this study, median age was 22.8 years (interquartile range: 21.2–24.5 years). Majority (82.5%) have heard of CPR, 29.7% have undergone CPR training; 77.3% of those who had been trained were confident that they could perform CPR. Previous CPR training was significantly associated with faculty, year of study and age. Eighty-nine (18.7%) students have witnessed someone die from a trauma. Four hundred and fifty (94.7%) respondents would like to get BLS training, 440 (92.6%) think that CPR training should be included in the school curriculum. Conclusion: There is good awareness and positive attitude to the acquisition and practice of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among university students in Nigeria. Few students however, have been trained to administer bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Therefore, there is a need to implement university wide BLS education in Nigeria. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Boluwatife Adeleye Adewale , Daniel Ehis Aigbonoga , Abiodun David Akintayo , Peter Seyi Aremu , Oluwaseun Akinola Azeez , Suliyat Dolapo Olawuwo , Joshua Damilare Adeleke , Oluwatobi Simeon Kazeem , Eghonghon Okojie ,Richard Ayobami Oguntoye Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available ELSEVIER Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 23 September 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource PERI IRAWAN Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Awareness Attitude Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Basic life support (BLS) Students Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/cda935db16aede1f3801ee5ee7e0235c.pdf d48aa39c6051d7692bfc79d805e9a2f6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Combat injuries sustained by troops on counter terrorism and counter-insurgency operations in North east Nigeria: Implications for intervention Subject The topic of the resource Combat injuries Troops Counter terrorism Nigeria Intervention Description An account of the resource Background: Understanding the epidemiology of battlefield casualties is required for plans and coordinated efforts towards improved combat trauma care (CTC) performance and outcome. The engagement of the Armed Forces of Nigeria (AFN) in containing Boko Haram Terrorism (BHT) and insurgency in Northeast Nigeria has increased the risk of combat injuries to the troops. This study determined the characteristics of combat injuries sustained by soldiers on counter terrorism and counter-insurgency operations to contain BHT. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of combat casualties managed in 7 Division (Field) Hospital, [an equivalent of UN Level 2 facility] Maiduguri, Northeast Nigeria between November 2013 and October 2014. Using data obtained from a designed Operational Casualty Card that contains their sociodemographic characteristics, categorization (as Combat Arm, Combat Support Service, Civ-JTF), nature, mechanism and sites of injury as well as inpatients records. The data were collated and analysed using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 209 casualties were treated. The age of the casualties ranged from 18 to 57 years with a mean of 30.6 ± 7.7 years and males constituting 99%. Over two-third (71.3%) casualties had gunshot injuries while 14.3% and 8.1% sustained improvised explosive device (IED) and fragments injuries respectively. Over threequarter (77.5%) sustained injuries on the upper and lower extremities while 17 (7.7%) and 12 (5.7%) had injuries on thorax/abdomen and head/neck respectively. Nineteen (9.1%) casualties resulted from friendly forces/ colleagues. Conclusion: The study revealed that gunshot and IED/blasts on the extremities were the most frequent mechanism and pattern of injuries sustained with less than a tenth of the casualties resulting from friendly forces. Training health personnel on CTC, deployment of combat lifesavers to improve pre-hospital CTC, employment of skilled Orthopaedic Surgeon and other relevant surgical subspecialties and timely air evacuation of critical cases from the Field Hospital to the Base Hospital are recommended. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nurudeen Hussain , I.B.J. Okeke , A.E. Oyebanji , J.I. Akunne , O.J. Omoruyi Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available ELSEVIER Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2 October 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource PERI IRAWAN Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Combat injuries Troops Counter terrorism Nigeria Intervention Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/0213bc27c7dbe497229768bff7a0e59a.pdf 2786c39004dd871e8b8dc13f6d6cb8e3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jurnal Internasional Afrika vol. 11 issue 1 2021 African Journal of Emergency Medicine Design and construction of a simplified, gas-driven, pressure-controlled emergency ventilator Subject The topic of the resource Emergency ventilation Pressure control Automatic gas-powered ventilator Description An account of the resource Introduction: Due to the COVID-19 crisis or any other mass casualty situation it might be necessary to give artificial ventilation to many affected patients. Contrarily, the worldwide availability of emergency ventilators is still a shortage, especially in developing countries. Methods: Modes of artificial ventilation were compared and the most safe, easy to use, and lung protecting principle was optimized to fit all requirements of both emergency ventilation and cost-effective mass production. Results: The presented research results describe a simplified device for a pressure-controlled ventilation which works without electricity according to a known principle. Just pressurized gas and a patient connection is required. The device enables the control of basic ventilator parameters such as peak inspiratory pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure and the ventilation frequency. Further, the device is semiadaptive to the patient’s lung stiffness and automatically maintains minute volume through frequency adjustment. The machine can be manufactured by turning, milling and drilling and needs purchased components with costs less than 100 USD. A sterilization and thus a reuse is possible. Discussion: The presented development does not describe a ready-to-purchase ventilator, it rather outlines a refined working principle for emergency ventilation and its easiest methods of production with a minimum of requirements. The presented research aims on providing an open-source guideline for production of an emergency ventilator using worldwide available methods and thus should inspire local researchers to do a reverse engineering and eventually to put it into operation following country-specific regulations. For long-term ventilation exceeding emergency purposes, a monitoring of alarms for disconnection and violation of desired ventilator parameters should be established. The ventilator is limited to a fixed ratio between PIP and PEEP. Moreover, the ventilation frequency depends on two parameters, which needs some training. Nevertheless, the ventilator provides basic features to enable an emergency ventilation with minimal prerequisites. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource R. Szlosarek , R. Teichert , A. Wetzel , A. Fichtner , F. Reuter , M. Kr¨oger Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived www.elsevier.com/locate/afjem Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available ELSEVIER Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 23 September 2020 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource PERI IRAWAN Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Emergency ventilation Pressure control Automatic gas-powered ventilator Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan