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                  <text>Vol. 30 No. 2 (2022)</text>
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                <text>Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol. 30 No. 2 Tahun 2022&#13;
Covid-19 Case: Does Indonesian Need Health Endowment Fund?</text>
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                <text>This paper examines whether Indonesia needs a Health Endowment Fund (HEF) to find the efficiency and&#13;
effectiveness of the health cover fund. Since 2014, Indonesia has officially implemented the National Health&#13;
Insurance (NHI or Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional/JKN) according to Law No.40/2004. The implementation of NHI&#13;
is technically managed by Health Social Insurance Administration Organization (HSIAO), also known as Badan&#13;
Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan. Since 2014, the trend of people living with non-communicable&#13;
diseases (NCDs) has increased between 2007 and 2014. This trend may lead to future consequences of potential&#13;
financial deficits for HSIAO. Furthermore, many countries, including Indonesia, have been facing fiscal shock due&#13;
to recessions from the COVID-19 pandemic and increasing deficits from health insurance claims. By employing&#13;
secondary data IFLS4, IFLS5, and BRIN survey data in 2020, this study investigates the effect of NCDs on&#13;
household expenditures to assess the need for HEF in Indonesia. Using regression analysis, the result showed that&#13;
NCD was associated with household’s per capita expenditure and access to health care. Moreover, NCDs harm&#13;
subjective health status. Therefore, HEF may be a long-term solution for the financial burden that HSIAO may&#13;
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                <text>Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol. 30 No. 2 Tahun 2022&#13;
The Impact of Physical Capital and Human Capital on Growth in Indonesia, 1970–2017</text>
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                <text>The purpose of this study is to investigate, using relevant robust econometric modelling, physical capital&#13;
and human capital, and their impact on growth in Indonesia for policy analysis. Indonesia is already underway&#13;
to the structural transformation from basic sector to industry and service sectors which requires corresponding&#13;
human capital. It is very crucial to investigate which level education has been in demand for such transformation&#13;
process. Therefore, the auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) by Pesaran and Pesaran (1997) was chosen for&#13;
supporting the relationship analysis using data from 1970 to 2017. The important finding for policy analysis was&#13;
that human capital appeared to be a continuing factor shaping Indonesia’s growth, along with physical capital&#13;
accumulation, with particularly strong effects for human capital arising from tertiary education. Physical capital&#13;
has shown a strong and significant impact on the growth in the long run and indicated that Indonesia needs long&#13;
term investment to generate growth. Such investment has distinctions related to sustainable operation such as&#13;
infrastructure, sophisticated services, and venture capital. Consequently, it requires high skill labour supplied by&#13;
tertiary education institutions. A further development of tertiary education next to enhancement of investment&#13;
environment in manufacture and service sector should be set as priority programs in inducing growth.</text>
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                <text>Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol. 30 No. 2 Tahun 2022&#13;
Dampak Kepemilikan Lahan Pertanian Terhadap Subjective Wellbeing Petani di Indonesia The Impact of Agricultural Land Ownership on The Subjective Wellbeing of Farmers in Indonesia</text>
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                <text>kepemilikan lahan pertanian; model fixed effect; subjective wellbeing&#13;
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Ukuran kesejahteraan mulai beralih kepada kondisi subjective wellbeing (SWB). Sementara itu, kesejahteraan&#13;
petani harus mendapat prioritas, salah satunya dengan memenuhi kebutuhan dasarnya berupa lahan pertanian.&#13;
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melihat dampak kepemilikan lahan pertanian terhadap skor SWB petani di Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan data&#13;
dari IFLS tahun 2007 dan 2014 serta metode estimasi fixed effect. Teknik Principal Component Analysis (PCA)&#13;
digunakan untuk mendapatkan skor subjective wellbeing dan PSM untuk mengatasi selection bias. Kepemilikan&#13;
lahan pertanian ternyata memiliki efek yang konsisten dan positif pada SWB bahkan setelah mengontrol pendapatan.</text>
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                <text>Kartika Eka Pratiwi, Jossy Prananta Moeis</text>
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Estimation of The Price and Income Elasticities of Residential Electricity Demand in Indonesia Using Household-Level Data </text>
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                <text>household data, electricity demand, price elasticity, income elasticity JEL Classification: C13, C22, D12, Q41</text>
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                <text>This paper presents household-level econometric estimates of income and price elasticities of residential&#13;
electricity demand in Indonesia. Using annual household survey panel data of SUSENAS from 2011 to 2013,&#13;
the estimation controls for household characteristics that significantly affect electricity consumption, such as&#13;
demographic aspects, house size, and ownership of home appliances. The empirical results showed that in&#13;
Indonesia, the residential electricity is price- and income-inelastic, with price and income elasticities of -0.88 and&#13;
0.3, respectively. Urban residents use more electricity than rural residents. Responding to economic growth , the&#13;
government should prepare greater electricity capacity or induce higher tariffs to encourage electricity savings.</text>
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Peranan Suku Bunga Kredit, Capital Adequacy Ratio (Car) dan Loan To Deposit Ratio (Ldr) Bagi Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia Studi Kasus: Bank Pembangunan Daerah &#13;
The Role Of Credit Interest Rate, Capital Adequacy Ratio (Car) and Loan To Deposit Ratio (Ldr) For Indonesia’s Economic Growth Case Study: Regional Development Bank</text>
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                <text>Pengendalian sektor moneter-perbankan secara terukur perlu dilakukan sehingga dinamika pertumbuhan di&#13;
sektor riil berkembang kearah yang diharapkan. Kajian ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis peranan instrumen suku&#13;
bunga kredit, perkembangan capital adequacy ratio (CAR), dan loan to deposit ratio (LDR) terhadap pertumbuhan&#13;
ekonomi Indonesia selama sepuluh tahun terakhir. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan multiple linear stepwise&#13;
regression analyzing method, ditemukan peran yang sangat signifikan baik secara simultan maupun parsial dari&#13;
instrumen suku bunga kredit dan perkembangan CAR dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia untuk&#13;
jangka panjang. Ketika tingkat rata-rata suku bunga kredit menurun dan CAR naik maka akan meningkatkan&#13;
pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam jangka panjang. Sementara itu perkembangan LDR tidak berpengaruh signifikan&#13;
bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia dalam jangka panjang.</text>
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                <text>https://jurnalekonomi.lipi.go.id/JEP </text>
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                <text>Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol. 30 No. 1 (2022)&#13;
Ketahanan UMKM di Indonesia menghadapi Resesi Ekonomi&#13;
MSME Resilience in Indonesia Against Economic Recession</text>
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                <text>Wabah COVID-19 telah membuat ekonomi Indonesia masuk episode resesi, yang ditunjukkan oleh pertumbuhan&#13;
ekonomi (y-o-y) negatif selama 2 kuartal berturut-turut, yaitu Q2-2020 sebesar -5.32% dan Q3-2020 sebesar&#13;
-3.49%. Penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia memiliki&#13;
daya tahan yang cukup kuat dalam menghadapi resesi ekonomi. Penelitian ini mewawancarai 541 UMKM dari&#13;
seluruh Indonesia selama Agustus-Oktober 2020 melalui telepon dan video call. Penelitian ini juga melakukan&#13;
focus group discussion (FGD) dari beberapa responden yang disurvei. Berdasarkan analisa deskriptif ditemukan&#13;
bahwa 19% UMKM sudah tidak dapat bertahan, 30% UMKM masih mempertahankan karyawannya, dan 51%&#13;
lainnya masih dapat bertahan. Bantuan dari pemerintah baru dirasakan oleh UMKM yang memiliki kredit dari&#13;
bank. Berdasarkan pengujian t-statistik, terjadi penurunan pada seluruh indikator kinerja UMKM akibat COVID-19.&#13;
Penurunan signifikan terjadi pada modal kerja (-54%), tenaga kerja (-37 %), pendapatan bulanan (-34%), tanah&#13;
(-2%), dan mesin dan peralatan (-3%). Sementara itu, penurunan beban oerasional bulanan (-21%) secara statistik&#13;
tidak signifikan. Kegiatan FGD menyimpulkan bahwa UMKM yang bertahan adalah yang memiliki cadangan&#13;
kekayaan (hidden wealth) berupa tabungan, atau asset bangunan dan kendaraan yang dapat dijual atau digadaikan.&#13;
Disaster risk management (DRM) dan penyusunan business continuity plan (BCP) merupakan hal terpenting bagi&#13;
UMKM sehingga dapat bertahan dalam kondisi kritis saat bencana terjadi. Pemerintah harus mulai membantu&#13;
UMKM dalam penyusunan hal tersebut. Social bonds dapat menjadi instrumen alternatif bagi pemerintah, untuk&#13;
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                <text>Eugenia Mardanugraha , Akhmad Junaidi</text>
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                <text>https://jurnalekonomi.lipi.go.id/JEP</text>
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