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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 14 Issue 3 2023</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 14 Issue 3 2023&#13;
Describing Physical Activity Patterns of Truck Drivers Using Actigraphy (Short Communication)</text>
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                <text>Background: Truck driving is a highly sedentary occupation that places workers at risk for chronic health conditions, such as obesity and high blood pressure. The primary purpose of this study was to objectively describe truck drivers’ typical physical activity (PA) patterns.&#13;
Methods: We used w7-10-day baseline PA actigraphy data samples from drivers in the Safety &amp; Health Involvement For Truckers (SHIFT) study (n 1⁄4 394). Driver PA patterns (e.g., average number of 10 minute Freedson bouts per week, time in bouts, and common days/times for PA) were summarized with descriptive analyses. We also compared objective accelerometer data to self-reports.&#13;
Results: Drivers’ weekly PA averaged 14.4 minutes (SD 1⁄4 37.0), and most PA occurred between 5e6 pm on Tuesdays and Wednesdays. Drivers overestimated self-reported weekly exercise by over 60 min/week compared to accelerometer data.&#13;
Conclusion: Our results suggest that objective PA assessment may be warranted over self-report when possible, and timing may be key in future PA intervention work with truck drivers. </text>
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                <text>Brad Wipfli, Sean P.M. Rice , Ryan Olson, Kasey Ha, Caitlyn Trullinger-Dwyer, Todd Bodner</text>
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                <text>journal homepage: www.e-shaw.net</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 14 Issue 3 2023&#13;
Association with Combined Occupational Hazards Exposure and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Workers’ Health Examination Cohort 2012-2021 (Original article) </text>
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                <text>Heavymetal exposure, Lifestyle disease, Occupational risk factors, Organic solvents exposure Worker’s health cohort</text>
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                <text>Background: This study aimed to evaluate the association between exposure to occupational hazards and the metabolic syndrome. A secondary objective was to analyze the additive and multiplicative effects of exposure to risk factors. &#13;
Methods: This retrospective cohort was based on 31,615 health examinees at the Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital in Republic of Korea from 2012-2021. Demographic and behavior-related risk factors were treated as confounding factors, whereas three physical factors, 19 organic solvents and aerosols, and 13 metals and dust were considered occupational risk factors. Time-dependent Cox regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios.&#13;
Results: The risk of metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in night shift workers (hazard ratio 1⁄4 1.45: 95% confidence interval 1⁄4 1.36-1.54) and workers who were exposed to noise (1.15:1.07-1.24). Exposure to some other risk factors was also significantly associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome. They were dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, trichloroethylene, xylene, styrene, toluene, dichloromethane, copper, antimony, lead, copper, iron, welding fume, and manganese. Among the 28 significant pairs, 19 exhibited both positive additive and multiplicative effects.&#13;
Conclusions: Exposure to single or combined occupational risk factors may increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Working conditions should be monitored and improved to reduce exposure to occupational hazards and prevent the development of the metabolic syndrome. </text>
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                <text>Dongmug Kang , Eun-Soo Lee, Tae-Kyoung Kim, Yoon-Ji Kim, Seungho Lee, Woojoo Lee, Hyunman Sim, Se-Yeong Kim</text>
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                <text>Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency.</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 14 Issue 3 2023&#13;
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Psychological Well-Being of Firefighters (Original article)</text>
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                <text>COVID-19, firefighters, first responders, physical activity, psychological well-being, restrictive measures</text>
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                <text>Background: COVID-19 pandemic represented a unique stressful event that affected the physical health and psychological well-being (PWB) of individuals and communities. Monitoring PWB is essential not only to clarify the burden on mental health effects but also to define targeted psychological-supporting measures. This cross-sectional study evaluated the PWB of Italian firefighters during the pandemic. &#13;
Methods: Firefighters recruited during the pandemic period filled out a self-administered questionnaire, the Psychological General Well-Being Index, during the health surveillance medical examination. This tool is usually used to assess the global PWB and explores six subdomains: anxiety, depressed mood, positive well-being, self-control, general health, and vitality. The influencing roles of age, gender, working activities, COVID-19, and pandemic restrictive measures were also explored.&#13;
Results: A total of 742 firefighters completed the survey. The aggregate median PWB global score was in the “no distress” range (94.3  10.3), which was higher than that observed in studies conducted using the same tool in the Italian general population during the same pandemic period. Similar findings were observed in the specific subdomains, thus suggesting that the investigated population was in good PWB condition. Interestingly, significantly better outcomes were detected in the younger firefighters.&#13;
Conclusion: Our data showed a satisfactory PWB situation in firefighters that could be related to different professional factors such as work organization and mental and physical training. In particular, our results would suggest the hypothesis that in firefighters, maintaining a minimum/moderate level of physical&#13;
activity (consisting of even just going to work) might have a profoundly positive impact on psychological health and well-being.</text>
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                <text>Elisabetta Riccardi, Luca Fontana , Daniela Pacella, Fabio Fusco, Ilaria Marinaro, Giovanna Costanzo, Francesco Vassallo, Maria Triassi, Ivo Iavicoli </text>
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                <text>journal homepage: www.e-shaw.net</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 14 Issue 3 2023&#13;
Women’s Employment in Industries and Risk of Preeclampsia and Gestational Diabetes: A National Population Study of Republic of Korea (Original article)</text>
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                <text>Background: Some working conditions may pose a higher physical or psychological demand to pregnant women leading to increased risks of pregnancy complications. &#13;
Objectives: We assessed the association of woman’s employment status and the industrial classification with obstetric complications.&#13;
Methods: We conducted a national population study using the National Health Information Service database of Republic of Korea. Our analysis encompassed 1,316,310 women who experienced first-order live births in 2010e2019. We collected data on the employment status and the industrial classification of women, as well as their diagnoses of preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) classified as A1 (well controlled by diet) or A2 (requiring medication). We calculated odds ratios (aORs) of&#13;
complications per employment, and each industrial classification was adjusted for individual risk factors.&#13;
Results: Most (64.7%) were in employment during pregnancy. Manufacturing (16.4%) and the health and social (16.2%) work represented the most prevalent industries. The health and social work exhibited a higher risk of PE (aOR 1⁄4 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.21), while the manufacturing industry&#13;
demonstrated a higher risk of class A2 GDM (1.20, 95% CI: 1.03-1.41) than financial intermediation. When analyzing both classes of GDM, women who worked in public administration and defense/social security showed higher risk of class A1 GDM (1.04, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.07). When comparing high-risk industries with nonemployment, the health and social work showed a comparable risk of PE (1.02, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.07).&#13;
Conclusion: Employment was associated with overall lower risks of obstetric complications. Health and social service work can counteract the healthy worker effect in relation to PE. This highlights the importance of further elucidating specific occupational risk factors within the high-risk industries.</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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Nurses’ Colleague Solidarity and Job Performance: Mediating Effect of Positive Emotion and Turnover Intention (Original article)</text>
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                <text>Background: Job performance is known as an essential reflection of nursing quality. Colleague solidarity, positive emotion, and turnover intention play effective roles in a clinical working environment, but their impacts on job performance are unclear. Investigating the association between nurses’ colleague solidarity and job performance may be valuable, both directly and through the mediating roles of positive emotion and turnover intention.&#13;
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 324 Chinese nurses were recruited by convenience sampling method from July 2016 to January 2017. Descriptive analysis, Spearman’s correlation analysis, and the structural equation model were applied for analysis by SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0.&#13;
Results: A total of 49.69% of participants were under 30 years old, and 90.12% of participants were female. Colleague solidarity and positive emotion were positively connected with job performance. The results indicated the mediating effects of positive emotion and turnover intention in this relationship, respectively, as well as the chain mediating effect of positive emotion and turnover intention.&#13;
Conclusions: In conclusion, dynamic and multiple supportive strategies are needed for nurse managers to ameliorate nursing job performance by improving colleague solidarity and positive emotion and decreasing turnover intention based on the job demand-resource model. </text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 14 Issue 3 2023&#13;
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Farmers in the Southeast Asia Region: A Systematic Review (Review Article)</text>
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                <text>ergonomic, farmer, Southeast Asia, WMSDs, work-related, musculoskeletal disorders</text>
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                <text>Background: Southeast Asia has many people who work in the agriculture sector. Not many stakeholders pay special attention to the health of farmers, even though they are exposed to various types of hazards. One of the most common health complaints among farmers is related to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). This study aims to assess the prevalence of WMSDs and factors associated with them among farmers in Southeast Asia.&#13;
Methods: A literature search on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and EBSCO was conducted. Articles were included if they studied ergonomic problems among farmers from 11 countries in the Southeast Asia region and were published during 2015-2022. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program was used to evaluate the quality of the articles. The search process and retrieval process reflected PRISMA’s recommendation.&#13;
Result: There were 14 studies found from 3 countries that had published articles in PubMed and ScienceDirect, including Thailand [8], Indonesia [4], and Malaysia [2]. The prevalence of WMSDs in Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia was 78,31%, 81,27%, and 88,39%, respectively. Common factors associated with WMSDs include age, sex, smoking habits, drinking alcohol habits, working period (years), type of work, awkward position, non-ergonomic equipment, repetitive movements, and lifting heavy loads.&#13;
Conclusion: The prevalence of WMSDs among farmers in Southeast Asia is considerably high. Effective intervention is essential for reducing the prevalence and protecting workers’ health and well-being. </text>
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                <text>Kurnia A. Akbar, Phally Try, Pramon Viwattanakulvanid, Kraiwuth Kallawicha</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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The Burdens of Occupational Heat Exposure-related Symptoms and Contributing Factors Among Workers in Sugarcane Factories in Ethiopia: Heat Stress Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Meter (Original article)</text>
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                <text>Background: Heat stress is a harmful physical hazard in many occupational settings. However, consequences of occupational heat exposure among workers in a sugarcane factory in Ethiopia are not well characterized. This study aimed to assess the level of occupational heat exposure-related symptoms and contributing factors.&#13;
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, five workstations were selected for temperature measurement. Heat stress levels were measured using a wet-bulb globe temperature index meter. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 1,524 participants. Heat-related symptoms were assessed using&#13;
validated questionnaires.&#13;
Results: The level of occupational heat exposure was 72.4% (95% CI: 70.2%-74.8%), while 71.6% (95% CI: 69.3%-74.9%) of participants experienced at least one symptom related to heat stress. The most common heat-related symptoms were swelling of hands and feet (78%), severe thirst (77.8%) and dry mouth (77.4%). The identified risk factors were a lack of reflective shields (AOR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.53, 3.17), not- enclosed extreme heat sources (AOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.23, 2.51), a lack of access to shade (AOR: 9.62,&#13;
95% CI: 6.20, 14.92), and inappropriate protective clothing provision (AOR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.27, 2.71).&#13;
Conclusions: The burden of occupational heat exposure and heat-induced symptoms was high. Lack of reflective shields, the absence of enclosed extreme heat sources, a lack of access to shade, and inap- propriate protective clothing provision were considerable attributes of heat stress. Therefore, the use of mechanical solutions to stop heat emissions at their sources and the key factors identified were areas for future intervention.</text>
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        <name>Ethiopia</name>
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        <name>Heat exposure</name>
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        <name>Heat-related illnesses</name>
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      <tag tagId="2017">
        <name>Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan</name>
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        <name>Sugarcane factory</name>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 14 Issue 3 2023</text>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 14 Issue 3 2023&#13;
Chronic Respiratory Symptoms and Associated Factors among Fruit and Vegetable Workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross sectional Study (Original article)</text>
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                <text>Chronic respiratory symptoms, Ethiopia, Fruit and vegetable market workers, Organic dust, Prevalence</text>
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                <text>Background: Fruit and vegetable market is an abundant source of bioaerosols. Exposure to organic and&#13;
&#13;
inorganic waste and long-term inhalation of bioaerosols during working hours leads to chronic respi-&#13;
ratory symptoms. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms&#13;
&#13;
and related factors among fruit and vegetable workers compared with the control group in Addis Ababa,&#13;
Ethiopia.&#13;
Methods and materials: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from 2020 to 2021. Data&#13;
were entered in EpiData 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.&#13;
Logistic regressions were computed to depict the data and related factors. The culture method was done&#13;
to count and compare bacterial and fungal concentrations between fruit and vegetable workers and&#13;
office workers.&#13;
Results: In this study, the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms (PR 1⁄4 2.87, 95% confidence interval&#13;
[CI]: 1.772e4.66) was significantly higher among fruit and vegetable workers (46.7%) than controls&#13;
(23.4%). Sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1⁄4 2.11, 95% CI 1⁄4 1.12e3.98), educational status (AOR 1⁄4 1.34, 95%&#13;
CI 1⁄4 0.78e2.32), working hours per day (AOR 1⁄4 3.91, 95% CI 1⁄4 1.586e9.65), and working department&#13;
(AOR 1⁄4 3.20, 95% CI 1⁄4 0.90e11.40) were associated with chronic respiratory symptoms. Bacterial and&#13;
fungal concentrations were significantly higher in the air of the vegetable market (276 colony-forming&#13;
unit) than the air in the workplace of controls (7 colony-forming unit).&#13;
Conclusion: The fruit and vegetable market workers (greengrocers) had a higher prevalence of chronic&#13;
respiratory symptoms relative to office workers. Respiratory protective devices should be given to deliver&#13;
preventive measures.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="35451">
                <text>Mulualem Gete Feleke, Yidnekachew Alemu, Meaza Gezu Shentema, Samson Wakuma, Zerihun Emiru, Tesfaye Yitna Chichiabellu</text>
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                <text>journal homepage: www.e-shaw.net</text>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="35453">
                <text>Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="35454">
                <text>21 August 2023</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="35455">
                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="35457">
                <text>English</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 14 Issue 3 2023</text>
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        <name>Chronic respiratory symptoms</name>
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        <name>Ethiopia</name>
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        <name>Fruit and vegetable market workers</name>
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      <tag tagId="2017">
        <name>Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan</name>
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        <name>Organic dust</name>
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        <name>prevalence</name>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 14 Issue 3 2023</text>
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      <name>Text</name>
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                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 14 Issue 3 2023&#13;
Occupational Characteristics and Health Status of Vietnamese Male Migrant Workers in the Republic of Korea (Original article)</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>Changing workplace, Migrant workers, Republic of Korea, Working conditions </text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Background: The objective of this study is to identify the working conditions and health status of Vietnamese male migrant workers in Republic of Korea, in comparison to the Korean general population. &#13;
Methods: We conducted our survey through the Migrant People Center, and we received completed questionnaires from 87 male Vietnamese migrant workers. The questionnaire employed was identical to those used in the Korean Working Conditions Survey and the 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The collected data from the Vietnamese migrant workers was then compared with the Korean reference population using indirect age-standardization. &#13;
Results: Vietnamese male workers demonstrated a higher prevalence of health problems including hearing problems (age-standardized prevalence ratio (aSPR) 13.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.07 -20.4), skin problems (aSPR 13.49, 95% CI: 8.07-20.4), and low back pain (aSPR 8.40, 95% CI: 6.50 -10.69). Elevated exposure to workplace hazards such as chemicals (aSPR 2.36, 95% CI: 1.51-3.51), organic solvents (aSPR 2.22, 95% CI: 1.44-3.28), handling of heavy objects (aSPR 1.67, 95% CI: 1.24-2.21), and high temperatures (aSPR 1.96, 95% CI: 1.46-2.57) was observed among them. Additionally, they faced a higher risk of no personal protective equipment (aSPR 2.53, 95% CI: 1.26-4.52) and a greater&#13;
prevalence of unmet medical needs (aSPR 7.14, 95% CI: 4.74-10.32). &#13;
Conclusion: Our findings highlight the elevated workplace hazards, health problems, and unmet medical needs among Vietnamese male workers compared to the Korean reference population. These findings underscores the urgency for enhanced scrutiny over working conditions and protective equipment provision, coupled with efforts to improve healthcare accessibility and worker education. </text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35523">
                <text>Ohwi Kwon, Ji-Hun Song, Jeong-Ok Kong, Seong-Won Ma, Young Shin Lee, Joonho Ahn</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35524">
                <text>journal homepage: www.e-shaw.net</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35525">
                <text>Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency.</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="35526">
                <text>21 August 2023</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35527">
                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="35528">
                <text>PDF</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35529">
                <text>English</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35531">
                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 14 Issue 3 2023</text>
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      <tag tagId="4650">
        <name>Changing workplace</name>
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      <tag tagId="2017">
        <name>Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan</name>
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      <tag tagId="3806">
        <name>migrant workers</name>
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      <tag tagId="3394">
        <name>Republic of Korea</name>
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        <name>Working conditions</name>
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  <item itemId="3459" public="1" featured="1">
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="35435">
                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 14 Issue 3 2023</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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              <elementText elementTextId="35532">
                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 14 Issue 3 2023&#13;
Occupational Health and Safety in the Turkish Fisheries and Aquaculture; a Statistical Evaluation on a Neglected Industry (Original article)</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35533">
                <text>Aquaculture, Fisheries, Injury, Occupational safety</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Background: Fisheries and aquaculture are statistically acknowledged to be among the most dangerous occupations. Yet, industrial safety and health precautions against occupational accidents within the sector are not sufficiently implemented in many parts of the world. The present study aims to provide a&#13;
quantified overview of work accident statistics in the Turkish fisheries and aquaculture industry.&#13;
Methods: This article presents an overview of reported injuries and fatalities in the Turkish fisheries and aquaculture industries from 2006 to 2020. Incident, permanent incapacity, and fatality rates were calculated, and the difference between fisheries and aquaculture was statistically examined. &#13;
Results: The overall incident, permanent incapacity, and fatality rates were 449.4, 4.7, and 5.7 per 100,000 worker years, respectively, over the 15-year period. With these fatality rates, fisheries and aquaculture are two of the industries with the highest fatality rates among comparable industries in Turkey. Incident rates in fisheries and aquaculture indicated that aquaculture work is more dangerous and risky. The data set includes 25 fatalities and 22 permanent incapacity cases over 15 years and shows an increase in fatality rates and occupational accidents in the last 8 years.&#13;
Conclusion: present study showed that the quality of data and reporting in the Turkish fisheries and aquaculture industries including occupational illnesses, must be improved in order to be more preventative and to develop efficient safety management in the sector. Incentives for providing thorough data on occupational incidents must be enhanced to improve occupational safety awareness in Turkish fisheries and aquaculture. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="35535">
                <text>Ozan Soykan</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35536">
                <text>journal homepage: www.e-shaw.net</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="35537">
                <text>Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="35538">
                <text>21 August 2023</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="35539">
                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="35540">
                <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 14 Issue 3 2023</text>
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        <name>Aquaculture</name>
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        <name>Fisheries</name>
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      <tag tagId="2171">
        <name>Injury</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="2017">
        <name>Jurnal Internasional Keperawatan</name>
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        <name>Occupational safety</name>
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