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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control &#13;
Improving the usability of faceted exploratory search tools</text>
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                <text>For some years now, the faceted exploratory search has faced tremendous challenges to devise a simple, instantly understandable, and usable user interface to explore the vast amount of data and information available on the Internet. In our previous research, we have indicated certain burdens with some of the existing approaches. Therefore, in this research, we are trying to uncover the attributes that influence users to use the faceted feature of the exploratory search technique. In this paper, we presented several key elements of existing search engine systems, the best of their major features were explored, and guidelines that will help to improve the usability of faceted exploratory search have been suggested and offers a further understanding of the fundamental characteristics of the faceted search, which shows the motivations to use the search, also presented the main parts of a pluggable search system. </text>
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                <text>Mohammed Najah Mahdi, Abdul Rahim Ahmad, Qais Saif Qassim, Roslan Ismail</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v20i1.18722</text>
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                <text>Universitas Ahmad Dahlan</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 1693-6930</text>
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                  <text>VOL. 20, NO. 1 2022</text>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control &#13;
Natural language processing and machine learning based cyberbullying detection for Bangla and Romanized Bangla texts </text>
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                <text>The popularity of social media has been increasing tremendously in recent times and thus cyberbullying towards people has also increased at an alarming rate. Many cyberbullying texts can be found in the comment sections of many well-known Bangladeshi social media personalities YouTube videos. It has the potential to cause severe emotional and psychological distress. Therefore, texts containing cyberbullying should be detected at the earliest stage and prevented from being displayed. In this study, we use natural language processing (NLP) techniques and various machine learning classifiers and presented model for cyberbullying detection in Bangla and Romanized Bangla texts obtained from YouTube video comments. We developed our own datasets using YouTube application programming interface (API) version 3.0. We collected 5000 Bangla comments, as well as 7000 Romanized Bangla comments from videos of different well-known social media personals. These two datasets, as well as a third dataset of 12000 texts which was the combination of the first two datasets were used to train the classifiers. These datasets were used to train machine learning classifiers after being preprocessed using NLP techniques. With an accuracy score of 76%, support vector machine (SVM) outperformed the other classifiers for the first dataset. The highest accuracy scores for the second and third datasets were 84% and 80%, respectively, which were both achieved by multinomial naive Bayes. </text>
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                <text>Md. Tofael Ahmed, Maqsudur Rahman, Shafayet Nur, Abu Zafor Muhammad Touhidul Islam, Dipankar Das</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v20i1.18630</text>
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                <text>Universitas Ahmad Dahlan</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 1693-6930</text>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control &#13;
Design and analysis of single layer quantum dot-cellular automata based 1- bit comparators</text>
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                <text>Quantum dot-cellular automata (QCA) technology has recently emerged as a potential candidate for the design of nanometer-scale computational circuits. In digital logic circuits, the comparator is the basic building block for comparing two binary values. This paper presents and implements two 1-bit QCA-based comparator designs. The proposed QCA implementations are compact, require only a single layer and are less complex compared to recently reported designs. The QCADesigner tool has been used to confirm the functional validity of the proposed QCA structures. The simulation results of the proposed comparators have shown considerable improvements compared to their existing counterparts in terms of the number of QCA cells and occupational area requirements in addition to cost and efficient complexity values. Furthermore, all of the proposed structures are dissipating extremely low energy values. Thus, the proposed QCA-based comparators can be viewed as viable options for low power digital applications. </text>
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                <text>Ziyad A. Altarawneh, Mutaz A.B. Al-Tarawneh</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v20i1.18434</text>
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                <text>Universitas Ahmad Dahlan</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 1693-6930</text>
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Enhancement detection distributed denial of service attacks using hybrid n-gram techniques</text>
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                <text>Chi-square distance, DDoS, Malware, N-grams, Payload</text>
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