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                  <text>VOL. 20, NO. 3 2022</text>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control &#13;
A hybrid soft bit flipping decoder algorithm for effective signal transmission and reception</text>
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                <text>EG-LDPC codes, Hybrid SBF algorithm, LDPC decoder, Medical applications, Signal transmission</text>
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                <text>The Euclidean geometry (EG) based low-density parity check (LDPC) codes are enciphered and deciphered in various modes. These algorithms have the back-and-forth between decoding delay, and power usage, device unpredictability resources, and error rate efficacy are all available with these methods. As a result, the goal of this paper is to develop a comprehensive method to describe both soft and burst error bits for optimal data transfer. As a result, for EG-LDPC codes, a hybrid soft bit flipping (HSBF) decoder is suggested, which decreases decoding complications while improving message data transfer. A simulation model is formed using Xilinx synthesis report to study decoding latency, hardware usage, and power usage. A HSBF decoder is used in this paper, which accepts a 64-bit coding sequence and assigns 64 Adjustable nodes to it. It checks all customizable cluster connections and quantifies adjustable node values and actions. As a consequence of the data collected, our simulation model demonstrates that the HSBF technique outperforms soft bit flipping (SBF) algorithms. As a result, the techniques are ideal for usage in intermediate applications and as well as in cyber security processing technologies, medical applications. </text>
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                <text>Shaik Asif Hussain, Jyothi Chinna Babu, Raza Hasan, Salman Mahmood</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v20i3.23300</text>
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                <text>Universitas Ahmad Dahlan</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 1693-6930</text>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control </text>
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                  <text>VOL. 20, NO. 3 2022</text>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control &#13;
Extraction and segmentation process for the Iraqi paper currency</text>
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                <text>Edge detection, Image segmentation, Iraqi dinnar, Object detection&#13;
Object extraction</text>
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                <text>Different application like image segmentation, moving objects detection and objects tracking, required an object detection and segmentation techniques. Recently, these techniques become so important especially when only a specific part of image is important. This research paper presents an efficient algorithm that employed for objects detection and extraction process. This algorithm consists of a several steps and the validity of this algorithm is measured based on different denomination of Iraqi currency. These steps arrange as following: image conversion, deleting small and unnecessary objects from images, extraction of interest objects boundary, finally calculating the rotation angle automatically, and rotate image based on the calculated angle. The validity of algorithm measured on the seven denominations of Iraqi currency (250, 500, 1000, 5000, 10000, 25000, and 50000). This image saved in a database that contain 40 images for each denomination and the total images for all denominations are 280 images. After testing the validity of designed algorithm on all captured image, the algorithm shows high accuracy which equally to 99.6%. </text>
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                <text>Shaimaa Hameed Abd , Bassam H. Abd , Ivan A. Hashim , Shaimaa H. Shaker</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="46114">
                <text>DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v20i3.23299</text>
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                <text>Universitas Ahmad Dahlan</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 1693-6930</text>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control </text>
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        <name>Iraqi dinnar</name>
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                  <text>VOL. 20, NO. 3 2022</text>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control &#13;
Hiding health report in X-ray images to protect people privacy</text>
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                <text>Steganography, Sudoku method, Turtule shell hiding algorithm, X-ray images</text>
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                <text>X-rays images are a popular medical diagnoses method. These images are hard to read and to be understandable outside the medical community. However, the radiologist writes a report of the X-ray. This report can be understandable easily which, can impact the privacy of the patients’ medical records. To tackle this issue, in this work, X-ray image steganography algorithm based on Sudoku mathematical game is proposed. The method converts the image into triangular shaped blocks. Subsequently, the data is encoded and segmented two bits at the time to be embedded in the image. To evaluate the algorithm, eight different X-ray images from all X-ray types have been utilized for data hiding process. The algorithm has been compared to the lest significant bit (LSB) and the turtle shell algorithms using the mean square error (MSE) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) performance metric. The proposed algorithm obtained higher bit per pixel embedding capacity with 2 bpp which is higher than LSB and turtle shell. Moreover, the algorithm has higher PSNR compared to turtle shell algorithm. </text>
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                <text>Enas Ali Jameel, Sameera Abbas Fadhel</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v20i3.23298</text>
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                <text>Universitas Ahmad Dahlan</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 1693-6930</text>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control </text>
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        <name>Steganography</name>
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        <name>Sudoku method</name>
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        <name>Turtule shell hiding algorithm</name>
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                  <text>VOL. 20, NO. 3 2022</text>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control &#13;
Enhancement process of AES: a lightweight cryptography algorithm-AES for constrained devices</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>AES Algorithm, Continued fraction, Lightweight AES algorithm, Security analysis</text>
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                <text>The restricted devices have a small memory, simple processor, and limited power. To secure them, we need lightweight cryptography algorithms, taking into account the limited specifications. Lightweight cryptography (LWC) algorithms provide confidentiality and maintain information integrity for devices with limited resources. This paper improves and enhances advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm by reducing algorithm computation power and improving cryptography performance from the point of resource constraint devices. The proposed algorithm is fast and lightweight, which is essential for securing all kinds of data. Besides, the use of mix column overhead is dispensing with, and the ciphertext is processed by the mathematical function (continued fraction) to compress the ciphertext and make it more confusing and also to increasing the data transfer speed. The proposed lightweight cryptography-AES (LWC-AES) algorithm highly&#13;
suitable for the timely execution of encryption and decryption (such as when encrypt text has (45.1 KB) encryption execution time for AES was (294 ms), while in LWC-AES was (280 ms), as well as suitable for the memory size of the resource-constrained devices for all types of data, than the AES algorithm. The proposed algorithm tested for security analysis using the avalanche effect parameter, and this test showed acceptable and within required security results. </text>
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                <text>Hussein M. Mohammad, Alharith A. Abdullah</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v20i3.23297</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control </text>
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Model development for pneumonia detection from chest radiograph using transfer learning</text>
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                <text>Accurate interpretation of chest radiographs outcome in epidemiological studies facilitates the process of correctly identifying chest-related or respiratory diseases. Despite the fact that radiological results have been used in the past and is being continuously used for diagnosis of pneumonia and other respiratory diseases, there abounds much variability in the interpretation of chest radiographs. This variability often leads to wrong diagnosis due to the fact that chest diseases often have common symptoms. Moreover, there is no single reliable test that can identify the symptoms of pneumonia. Therefore, this paper presents a standardized approach using convolutional neural network (CNN) and transfer learning technique for identifying pneumonia from chest radiographs that ensure accurate diagnosis&#13;
and assist physicians in making precise prescriptions for the treatment of pneumonia. A training set consisting of 5,232 optical coherence tomography and chest X-ray images dataset from Mendelev public database was used for this research and the performance evaluation of the model developed on the test set yielded 88.14% accuracy, 90% precision, 85% recall and F1 score of 0.87.</text>
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                <text>Ojo Abayomi Fagbuagun, Obinna Nwankwo, Samson Adebisi Akinpelu, Olaiya Folorunsho</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v20i3.23296</text>
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                <text>Universitas Ahmad Dahlan</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 1693-6930</text>
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                  <text>VOL. 20, NO. 3 2022</text>
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Design and bandwidth enhancement of zeroth-order resonato r antenna using metamaterial</text>
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                <text>Composite right/left-handed, Metamaterials, Zeroth-order resonator antenna</text>
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                <text>In this paper, a compact configuration of zeroth-order resonator antenna is described. The unit cell zeroth-order resonator properties are introduced by composite right/left-handed transmission line approach is fed by coplanar waveguide. The proposed resonator is analyzed by changing the coupling space and stub length of the unit cell. The size of implemented resonator is (0.185 λ0 × 0.185 λ0 × 0.027 λ0) at the centre frequency. In this work, a zeroth-order resonator antenna design with enhanced bandwidth has been presented, and the size reduction by using the metamaterial inclusion. The proposed zeroth-order resonant antenna (ZORA) achieves a 64% reduction compared to a traditional λ/2 microstrip patch antenna. The bandwidth for the 10 dB return loss is 5.66 GHz (2.76 GHz to 8.42 GHz), the peak value of gain is 0.8 dBi and radiation efficiency of the designed antenna is 87% at 5.5 GHz. The return loss is about -59.48 dB at the center frequency. The competition among the simulated performances and other antennas shows that the proposed resonator achieves wide bandwidth. The performance of zeroth-order resonator antenna is evaluated by full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulator HFSS11. </text>
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                <text>Sadiq Ahmed, Zaid A. Abdul Hassain, Hussein A. Abdulnabi, Mohammed Al-Saadi</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="46058">
                <text>DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v20i3.23295</text>
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                <text>Universitas Ahmad Dahlan</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 1693-6930</text>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control </text>
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                  <text>VOL. 20, NO. 3 2022</text>
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Design of a microstrip antenna patch with a rectangular slot for 5G applications operating at 28 GHz</text>
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                <text>28GHz, 5G, CST, HFSS, Microstrip patch antenna, Millimeter-wave, Slot patch</text>
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                <text>In this paper, we present a study and design of a rectangular-shaped&#13;
microstrip patch antenna with a rectangular shaped slot at the operating&#13;
frequency is 28GHz, for fifth generation (5G) wireless applications, using&#13;
the microstrip line technique for feeding. The objective of this slot is to&#13;
contribute to the improvement of antenna performance. This antenna is built on a Roger RT duroid 5880 type substrate having a relative permittivity equal to 2.2, a height of h = 0.5 mm, and a loss tangent of 0.0009. The compact size of this antenna is 4.2 mm × 3.3 mm × 0.5 mm. The simulations of this antenna were performed using high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) and computer simulation technology (CST) software whose main purpose is to confirm the results obtained for this proposed antenna. The results obtained during these simulations are as follows: resonant frequency of 27.97 GHz and reflection coefficient (S11) of -20.95 dB, bandwidth of 1.06 GHz, a gain of 7.5 dB, radiated power of 29.9 dBm, and efficiency of 99.83%. These results obtained by this proposed antenna are better than those obtained from already existing antennas that are published in current scientific journals. Consequently, this antenna is likely to satisfy the needs for 5G wireless communication applications. </text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="46043">
                <text>Salah-Eddine Didi, Imane Halkhams, Mohammed Fattah, Younes Balboul, Said mazer, Moulhime El Bekkali</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="46044">
                <text>DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v20i3.23159</text>
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                <text>Universitas Ahmad Dahlan</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 1693-6930</text>
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Comparative study of extraction features and regression algorithms for predicting drought rates</text>
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Recent systematic review on student performance prediction using backpropagation algorithms</text>
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                <text>A comprehensive systematic study was carried out in order to identify various deep learning methods developed and used for predicting student academic performance. Predicting academic performance allows for the implementation of various preventive and supportive measures earlier in order to improve academic performance and reduce failure and dropout rates. Although machine learning schemes were once popular, deep learning algorithms are now being investigated to solve difficult predictions of student performance in larger datasets with more data attributes. Deep neural network prediction methods with clear modelling and parameter measurements formulated on publicly available and recognised datasets are the focus of the research. Widely used for academic performance prediction, backpropagation algorithms have been trained and tested with various datasets, especially those related to learning management systems (LMS) and massive open online&#13;
courses (MOOC). The most widely used prediction method appears to be the standard artificial neural network approach. The long-short-term memory (LSTM) approach has been reported to achieve an accuracy of around 87 percent for temporal student performance data. The number of papers that study and improve this method shows that there is a clear rise in deep learning-based academic performance prediction over the last few years. </text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v20i3.21963</text>
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Overall outage event of self-sustaining low-power cooperative relaying networks</text>
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                <text>This paper investigates the implementation of the household low-power&#13;
energy harvesting (LoPEH) wireless sensor networks (WSN) over&#13;
log-normal fading channels. The relays are battery-operated and the&#13;
stochastic harvested energy flow to the batteries is characterized with the Markov property of energy buffer status. The communication is established with the combination of direct link and cooperative relays. The best relay is chosen based on a relay selection (RS) scheme namely optimal relay selection (OPRS). It can be drawn that within a particular range of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the energy harvesting (EH) relay-aided protocol can remarkably boost the overall system performance. On the other hand, the study reports how increasing the log-normal channel variance can degenerate the in-studied EH relaying protocol. </text>
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                <text>Hoang-Sy Nguyen, Thanh-Khiet Bui</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v20i3.21925</text>
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