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                  <text>VOL. 20, NO. 4 2022</text>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control &#13;
Statistical analysis for the pitch of mask-wearing Arabic speech</text>
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                <text>The study is a comparison between the statistical properties of pitch (F0) for mask-wearing speech and unmasked. The speakers are Arab, of different ages and genders. A robust algorithm for pitch tracking (RAPT) is used for estimating F0. The subjective tests denote that masked speech is attenuated, and noisy-background speech has fewer F0 candidates. Using objective tests, 60% of female and male F0s do not change when wearing masks. The remaining 40% of speech F0s change (the percentage gross error), by an approximately 20% increase and 20% decrease. The percentage classification error is about 10%. The F0 changes in females younger than 12 years old are fewer compared with similarly-aged males. The F0 changes of females older than 12 years old were approximately equal compared with similarly-aged males. An average of F0 (M) is used for each speech to divide its F0 band (50-500) Hz into two bands, lower-band (LB) (50-M) Hz and upper-band (UB) (M-500) Hz. The attributes of the two bands have been statistically analyzed. The F0 classification error (CE) for females is higher than for males, but the gross error (GE) for males is higher than for females. The F0 change values are directly proportional to the probability of F0 change. </text>
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                <text>Hasan M. Kadhim, Alaa H. Ahmed, Saif A. Abdulhussien</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v20i4.22071</text>
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                <text>Universitas Ahmad Dahlan</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 1693-6930</text>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control </text>
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                  <text>VOL. 20, NO. 4 2022</text>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control &#13;
Dorsal hand veins features extraction and recognition by correlation coefficient</text>
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                <text>Contrast enhancement, Correct recognition rate, Correlation coefficient, Noise removing, Veins recognition</text>
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                <text>One of the most convenient biometrics approaches for identifying a person is dorsal hand veins recognition. In recent years, the dorsal hand veins have acquired increasing attention because of its characteristics such as universal, unique, permanent, contactless, and difficulty of forging, also, the veins remain unchanged when a human being grows. The captured dorsal hand veins image suffers from the many differences in lighting conditions, brightness, existing hair, and amount of noise. To solve these problems, this paper aims to extract and recognize dorsal hand veins based on the largest correlation coefficient. The proposed system consists of three stages: 1) preprocessing the image, 2) feature extraction, and 3) matching. In order to evaluate the proposed system performance, two databases have been employed. The test results illustrate the correct recognition rate (CRR), and accuracy of the first database are 99.38% and 99.46%, respectively, whereas the CRR, and accuracy of the second database are 99.11% and 99.07% respectively. As a result, we conclude that our proposed method for recognizing dorsal hand veins is feasible and effective. </text>
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                <text>Maha A. Rajab, Kadhim M. Hashim</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v20i4.22068</text>
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                <text>Universitas Ahmad Dahlan</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 1693-6930</text>
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                <text>http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/TELKOMNIKA</text>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control </text>
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                  <text>VOL. 20, NO. 4 2022</text>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control &#13;
Brain tumor segmentation using multi-level Otsu thresholding and Chan-Vese active contour model </text>
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                <text>Research on brain tumor segmentation has been developed, ranging from threshold-based methods to the use of the deep learning algorithm. In this study, we proposed a region-based brain tumor segmentation method, namely the active contour model (ACM). Tumor segmentation was carried out using fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) modality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image data obtained from the multimodal brain tumor image segmentation benchmark (BRATS) 2015 dataset of 86 images. The initial stage of our segmentation method is to find the initial initialization point/area for the ACM algorithm using multi-level Otsu thresholding, with the level used in this study is 3 levels. After the initial initialization area has been obtained, the segmentation process is continued with ACM which explores the tumor area to obtain a full and accurate tumor area result. The results of this study obtained dice similarity (DS) for our study of 0.7856 with a total time required of 28.080722 seconds, which better than other method that we also compared with ours, 0.75 compared to 0.78 in term of DS. </text>
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                <text>Heru Pramono Hadi, Edi Faisal, Eko Hari Rachmawanto</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v20i4.21679</text>
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                <text>Universitas Ahmad Dahlan</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 1693-6930</text>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control </text>
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                  <text>VOL. 20, NO. 4 2022</text>
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Secure transmission for uplink and downlink non-orthogonal multiple access system with imperfect channel state information</text>
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                <text>NOMA, Physical layer security, SPSC</text>
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                <text>In this paper, we design a secure transmission scheme in uplink and downlink of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system. In this scenario, two pairs of base station-user can operate under the presence of eavesdropper. The relay plays an important role to forward signals from group of base stations to serve distant users. However, the eavesdropper can overhear signal which leads to secure performance need be reconsidered. To provide secure performance, we derive the closed-form expressions for strictly positive secrecy capacity (SPSC). In addition, we rely on relay for enlarge coverage area. The channel conditions meet imperfect channel state information (CSI) which shows degraded secure performance. Results confirm the relationship between&#13;
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                <text>DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v20i4.20934</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 1693-6930</text>
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Application of a wireless apnea monitoring device for crisis alertness and sleep diagnosis </text>
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                <text>Over the past five decades, obstructive sleep apnea has been noted as a&#13;
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                <text>DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v20i4.20461</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>ISSN: 1693-6930</text>
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Similarity measurement on digital mammogram classification</text>
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                <text>Breast cancer is one of the dominant causes of death in the world.&#13;
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In examining mammograms, the overall parenchyma pattern of the left and right breast was placed side by side for symmetry assessed of left and right breast tissue by radiologist. Thus, in building computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for screening mammography, it is necessary to adapt the working procedure of the radiologist. In this study, 30 training images and 30 testing images from Kotabaru Oncology Clinic in Yogyakarta were used. The first step was to enhance the image quality with median filter and contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE). Then, feature extraction was processed by histogram-based and by gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) based. Furthermore, the similarity measurement process was used to measure the difference value between selected features, i.e. angular second moment (ASM), inverse difference moment (IDM), contrast, entropy based GLCM, and energy, on the left and right mammograms. This process was intended to assess the symmetry of left and right mammograms as radiologists do in mammography screening. The obtained results of the classification between normal and abnormal images with backpropagation algorithm were accuracy of 0.933, sensitivity of 0.833, and specificity of 1.000.</text>
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                <text>Erna Alimudin, Hanung Adi Nugroho, Teguh Bharata Adji</text>
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                <text>DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v20i4.10698</text>
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