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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control&#13;
Investigation of classical segmentation's impact on paddy disease classification performance</text>
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                <text>Computer vision&#13;
Image classification&#13;
Image segmentation&#13;
Machine learning&#13;
Paddy disease</text>
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                <text>The key source of information for disease diagnosis and classification in  paddy diseases is the leaves. Applying hybrid techniques, such as image processing-pattern recognition (IP-PR) and computer vision-based  technologies, is the answer to assessing the health of plants. The following paddy diseases are considered in this paper: bacterial leaf blight (BLB), brown spot (BS), leaf smut (LS), and narrow brown spot (NBS) from the machine learning repository. A classical colour threshold-based segmentation method is implemented newly to separate the patterns of image pixels into the diseased part and the normal part. The human visual impression (VI), a subjective method, and a parametric-based method with an average error rate (ER) and overlap rate (OR) are used to assess the uniqueness of the suggested segmentation technique. Using a multi-class support vector machine (MSVM) classifier, the analysis yielded segmented images using the proposed method with an accuracy of 92% over the existing method with an accuracy of 76.60%. The BLB disease achieved the highest identification accuracy of 91%. Our proposed method evaluates the segmentation performance and achieved consistent accuracy higher than the previous segmentation work. </text>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control&#13;
Design and simulation of high efficiency rectangular microstrip patch antenna using artificial intelligence for 6G era</text>
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                <text>Adaptive network-based fuzzy&#13;
inference system&#13;
Antenna&#13;
Microstrip&#13;
Return loss&#13;
Sixth-generation</text>
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                <text>Sixth-generation (6G) applications require ultra-speed and large-capacity&#13;
wireless communication services. Millimeter wave technology can be used to&#13;
satisfy these requirements, especially at 28 GHz. This paper study used the&#13;
Ansys® high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) to design and simulate&#13;
rectangular and slotted rectangular microstrip patch antennas (MSPAs) at 28&#13;
GHz. The proposed designs contained a Rogers RT/Duroid® 5,880 substrate&#13;
with a dielectric constant (εr) of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0009. The&#13;
performance of both the proposed antennas was compared to determine which&#13;
was more efficient. This present study also used an adaptive network-based&#13;
fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to determine the optimal frequency and gain.&#13;
The main objective of the manuscript is to use artificial intelligence (AI) to&#13;
obtain the best design results for MSPA. The results indicated, with the use of&#13;
AI, the gain of the rectangular and slotted antennas, was 6.3943 and 6.3094&#13;
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control&#13;
Law enforcement and position locating in LTE network (status and challenges)</text>
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learning&#13;
GSM&#13;
Location-based services&#13;
LTE&#13;
Radio frequency fingerprint</text>
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                <text>Since the advent of cellular networks represented by the first-generation&#13;
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                <text>Mustafa Abbas Shobar, Rami Tawil</text>
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                <text>http://telkomnika.uad.ac.id</text>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control&#13;
A new frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna based on implanting tuning capacitors</text>
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Implanting capacitor&#13;
Lumped element&#13;
Reconfigurable patch&#13;
Tuning</text>
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                <text>The research proposed a new electrically reconfigurable microstrip antenna via a lumped capacitor. Instead of using a varactor diode as a switching circuit which leads to a more complicated design by adding biasing circuits, our suggested antenna design has offered straightforward tuning skills. The projected design has resolved many issues such as a reduction in system complexity by eliminating the biasing circuit, limiting the use of advanced manufacturing devices through using the external circuit to implant or detach the capacitor into or from the antenna main structure, and impedance matching supported with optimum physical structure calculations. The reconfigurable antenna has been modeled and designed using computer simulation technology (CST) software, the prototype antenna has been implemented practically and tested using a spectrum analyzer. The suggested compact antenna has a size of 42×33×0.53 mm3 , and supports multi-operational frequency bands (C, X, Ku, and K) which is suitable for modern communication technologies such as Wi-Fi, 5G, and satellite communication. </text>
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                <text>Mushreq Abdulhussain Shuriji, Raad Hamdan Thaher</text>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control&#13;
Optimization of heterogeneous VRP model by considering recharging station using mixed integer programming</text>
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                <text>Heterogeneous vehicle routing&#13;
problem&#13;
Mixed integer programming&#13;
Model&#13;
Optimization</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Transportation activities require substantial costs: drivers, fuel, vehicle maintenance, vehicle and equipment procurement capital, and administrative activities. In the vehicle routing problem (VRP), all vehicles have the same load capacity. But in reality, the company has vehicles with different abilities. The heterogeneous vehicle routing problem (HVRP) is a variant of VRP. Transportation is a source of pollution. Therefore, electric vehicles are starting to replace fossil fuel vehicles. However, a few electric vehicle recharging stations remain, especially in Indonesia. Consequently, the authors build a heterogeneous vehicle routing problem model by considering the filling station using mixed integer programming. This research aims to create a model by determining distribution routes with minimum costs from several capacities of electric-powered freight fleets with different capabilities by considering refilling stations. Research contributions realize the transition towards sustainable energy, one of the priority issues in&#13;
Indonesia’s G20 presidency. </text>
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                <text>Sundari Retno Andani, Muhammad Zarlis, Herman Mawengkang, Sutarman</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49634">
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control&#13;
Improving gain of ultra-wideband planar antennas: a grounded frequency-selective surface reflector</text>
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                <text>Frequency-selective surface&#13;
Gain&#13;
Grounded reflector&#13;
Planar antenna&#13;
Ultra-wideband</text>
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                <text>This paper introduces a method to enhance the gain of ultra-wideband (UWB) planar antennas by employing a grounded frequency-selective surface (FSS) as a reflector. The grounded FSS reflector comprises square patch structures (SPSs) of unit cells with a complete ground plane. The designed FSS utilizes miniaturized unit cells that are printed on both sides of an FR4 substrate, making it highly suitable for a wide range of applications, particularly as a reflector to optimize the gain of UWB omnidirectional radiators. This concept is demonstrated by employing a circular monopole UWB antenna as the radiator. The measured outcomes of the suggested antenna with the grounded FSS maintain a broad frequency range of bandwidth of 9.162 GHz, spanning from 2.638 GHz to 11.8 GHz. The antenna, in combination with the FSS, achieves a significant measured gain of 7.6 dBi and a high efficiency of 93% at 9.6 GHz. The attributes of the suggested UWB FSS make it an ideal solution&#13;
for seamless combining with small-sized broadband circuits, thereby&#13;
maximizing its effectiveness. </text>
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                <text>Ahmed Jamal Abdullah Al-Gburi, Zahriladha Zakaria, Khaled Alhassoon, Imran Mohd Ibrahim, Jamil Abedalrahim Jamil Alsayaydeh</text>
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                <text>http://telkomnika.uad.ac.id</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49624">
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      <tag tagId="5408">
        <name>Jurnal Nasional Informatika</name>
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                  <text>VOL. 21, NO. 6 2023</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control&#13;
Automatic point cloud segmentation using RANSAC and DBSCAN algorithm for indoor model</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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                <text>Density-based spatial clustering&#13;
of application&#13;
Low-cost terrestrial laser&#13;
scanners&#13;
Machine learning&#13;
Point cloud&#13;
Random sample consensus</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Indoor modeling is a crucial aspect of architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) projects. While terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) are the most popular tool for acquiring indoor geometry, processing point clouds from TLS scans with manual methods can be inefficient and error-prone. This study proposes a machine learning algorithm to automatically segment point clouds acquired by low-cost TLS. Random sample consensus (RANSAC), a simple yet effective algorithm for segmenting planar surfaces such as walls, ceilings, and floors, is used in the segmentation process. The resulting segmentation is then refined using density-based spatial clustering of application with noise (DBSCAN) to group nearby points that were not segmented correctly by RANSAC into the appropriate segment. The result is a segmented point cloud consisting of five indoor elements: wall, ceiling, floor, column, and interior. The algorithms were found to be effective for segmenting small and simple rooms. For larger or more complex rooms, segmentation can be performed by dividing the room into several parts and applying the algorithms to each partition. Overall, the study demonstrates the&#13;
potential of machine learning algorithms for automating point cloud&#13;
segmentation tasks in indoor modeling, especially for low-cost TLS scans.</text>
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                <text>Harintaka, Calvin Wijaya</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49610">
                <text>http://telkomnika.uad.ac.id</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>Jul 30, 2023</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>peri irawan</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="49614">
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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        <name>Jurnal Nasional Informatika</name>
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        <name>Machine learning Point cloud</name>
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                  <text>VOL. 21, NO. 6 2023</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control&#13;
Reconfigurable meander line dipole antenna based on two rectangular defected ground structure</text>
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                <text>CST microwave studio&#13;
Defected ground structure&#13;
Meander line&#13;
Positive-intrinsic-negative&#13;
diode&#13;
Reconfigurable antenna</text>
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                <text>In this study, a reconfigurable double-sided meander line dipole antenna (RMLA) incorporated with a tapered balun was developed to function at&#13;
0.9 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 3.7 GHz. Furthermore, the suggests antenna&#13;
functions at three modes at different frequency bands with pattern&#13;
reconfiguration. Two positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diodes were&#13;
embedded in the two rectangular defected ground structures to accomplish frequency and pattern reconfigurability. With excellent impedance matching, the return loss in each of these bands keeps beneath -10 dB. The suggested antenna was designed using computer simulation technology 2020 and constructed on a FR-4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm, and dielectric constant of 4.3 mm respectively. Additionally, for antenna size reduction, meander line technique was embedded. The fundamental working mechanism of this reconfigurable antenna is accomplished by changing the status of a radio frequency (RF) switches, which is carried out in on or off mode. For the three resonant bands, the suggested antenna has a voltage standing waves ratio (VSWR) &lt; 2. Up to 80%, the suggested structure radiation efficiency and gain (1−2.8) dBi are calculated. The suggested antenna is well suitable for global system mobile, wireless fidelity (WiFi) and C-band applications because of its notable features of high efficiency, good gain and frequency reconfigurability. </text>
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                <text>Khaled B. Suleiman, Abobaker A. Albishti</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49600">
                <text>http://telkomnika.uad.ac.id</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>Aug 10, 2023</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49602">
                <text>peri irawan</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49604">
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                  <text>VOL. 21, NO. 6 2023</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control&#13;
The second and third levels of digital divide among Malaysian university students during the Covid-19 pandemic</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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                <text>Covid-19 pandemic&#13;
Online learning&#13;
Private and public universities&#13;
Malaysia&#13;
Second and third levels of&#13;
digital divide</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Adaptation of online learning among Malaysian universities during the Covid-19 pandemic stressed the dire need to tackle digital divide. Lack of&#13;
empirical evidence, generic highlights on accessibility to technologies and&#13;
lack of focus given on gaps in skills, usage and outcomes obscures the extent of digital divide among Malaysian students. Data was collected from 356 undergraduate students of private and public universities to identify the differences in second and third levels of digital divide, where the former entails divide in terms of digital skills and digital usage, then the latter concerns online learning outcomes between students from both types of Malaysian universities. Descriptive results unveiled the persistence of digital divide in the second and the third level among both public and private university students, with exception of students from public universities showing an advanced grasp of digital skills. Path analysis have also highlighted that having digital skills would encourage digital usage. Although digital usage equips students with resources and support for their learning attainment, at the same it also creates digital distraction, which diverts students from acquiring online learning fulfilment.  </text>
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Unified algorithms for generalized new Mersenne number transforms</text>
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New Mersenne number&#13;
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                <text>The generalized new Mersenne number transforms (GNMNTs) have proved to be significant number theoretic transforms (NTTs) used to calculate convolutions and correlations accurately. In this paper, by applying the principles of the decimation-in-frequency (DIF) approach with appropriate relations in finite field modulo Mersenne primes, two new fast algorithms for computing odd NMNT (ONMNT) and odd-squared NMNT (O2NMNT) are introduced. Moreover, by formulating a unified index mapping scheme for data sequence, a close relationship between the structures of the developed algorithms has been established. As a result, it has been shown that only a single universal butterfly structure is adequate to execute both algorithms. Consequently, a unified implementation platform can be used to compute the ONMNT as well as the O2NMNT. The validity of the development has been checked via an example for fast calculations of different types of&#13;
convolutions, using both the GNMNTs and the proposed algorithms. </text>
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