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Evolutionary programming approach for securing medical images using genetic algorithm and standard deviation</text>
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                <text>Data hiding&#13;
Genetic algorithm&#13;
Information security&#13;
Mean square error&#13;
Medical image&#13;
Peak signal to noise ratio&#13;
Standard deviation</text>
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                <text>The integrity and security of medical data have become a big challenge for healthcare services applications. Images of hidden text represent&#13;
steganography forms in which the image is exploited as an object to cover&#13;
information and data. So, the data masking ability and image quality of the cover object are significant elements in image masking. In this study, the patient’s personal information and message generated by the doctor’s comment are stored in the images. Image pixels and message bits are exchanged sequentially. The best cluster is randomly selected using the genetic algorithm (GA) and standard deviation (STD) methods. The method, depending on optimizing and taking benefits of the similarities between pixels, has been proposed. High image quality can be achieved by using stego-image and increasing the data amount to be hidden. Analysis metrics of visual quality such as peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE), structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and bit error rate (BER) are adopted to assess the performance of the method proposed. The suggested and proposed model has proven its capability to mask the secrete data of patients into a cover image transmitted with high ability, imperceptibility, and minimal future degradation. </text>
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                <text>http://telkomnika.uad.ac.id</text>
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control&#13;
A novel data balancing technique via resampling majority and minority classes toward effective classification</text>
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                <text>Divide and conquer&#13;
Heart disease prediction&#13;
Imbalance data handling&#13;
Machine learning&#13;
Medical informatics</text>
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                <text>Classification is a predictive modelling task in machine learning (ML),  where the class label is determined for a specific example of predefined features. In determining handwriting characters, identifying spam, detecting disease, identifying signals, and so on, classification requires training data with many features and label instances. In medical informatics, high precision and recall are mandatory issues besides the high accuracy of the ML classifiers. Most of the real-life datasets have imbalanced characteristics that hamper the overall performance of the classifiers. Existing data balancing techniques perform the whole dataset at a time that sometimes causes overfitting and underfitting. We propose a data balancing technique that follows the divide and conquer  procedure to cluster the dataset into several segments, and both oversampling and undersampling operation is performed on each cluster. Finally, the cluster joined together and built a balanced dataset. We chose the sample data of two heart disease datasets: Hungarian and Long Beach. Logistic regression and random forest classifier are the representatives of ML algorithms. We compare our proposed techniques with existing SMOTE, NearMiss, and SMOTETomek data balancing techniques. Both algorithms perform better on the proposed technique-balanced dataset. This technique can be the optimal solution for the imbalanced data handling strategy. </text>
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                <text>Mahmudul Hasan, Md. Fazle Rabbi, Md. Nahid Sultan, Adiba Mahjabin Nitu, Md. Palash Uddin</text>
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ALZO: an outdoor Alzheimer's patient tracking system using internet of things</text>
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                <text>Alzheimer&#13;
Fall detection&#13;
Internet of things&#13;
Outdoor tracking system&#13;
Wearable device</text>
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                <text>Alzheimer's patients have an abnormal brain that affects some  functionalities such as memory and motoric function. Some patients experience disorientation, such as losing their way back home, and impaired lower body motoric function, leading to stumbling. To overcome these problems, we propose a wearable device called Alzo (Alzheimer locator) for tracking Alzheimer patients during outdoor activities. Alzo can detect the patient's location and is also equipped with a fall detection algorithm. The sensor produces an accelerometer and quaternion value, which are used for calculating alpha (represents activity acceleration) and theta (represents body orientation). The location and the patient's fall condition could be monitored using a mobile-based application. The experiments were conducted by operating the Alzo system to detect the patient's location and fall condition. The results showed that Alzo worked for about 3 hours and sent location data 1-5 times if lost or fall detected. Furthermore, thresholds for the fall detection algorithm were 235 m/s2&#13;
(lower-alpha), 8,108 m/s2 (higher-alpha), and 70⸰(theta). These thresholds were determined based on the experiment which includes standing up, walking, jumping, sitting down, cycling, Logging, bowing, and squatting. From the experiment, the fall detection algorithm achieved 93.33% of accuracy. </text>
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                <text>Sugiarto Wibowo, Indar Sugiarto</text>
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                <text>http://telkomnika.uad.ac.id</text>
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Comprehensive review of the human body communication system for wireless body area network applications</text>
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Human body communication&#13;
IEEE 802.15.6&#13;
Ultra-wide band&#13;
Wireless body area networks</text>
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                <text>The body area networks (BAN) structure is one of the advancements in&#13;
health monitoring innovations and the sharp rise in healthcare demand. With the help of a network of constantly running sensors, BAN technology aims to monitor vital physiological and physical features like accessibility, respiration, and blood sugar levels. The achievement of BAN technology depends on wireless communication since it gives the user flexibility and versatility. Most BAN solutions have effectively employed radio frequency (RF) wireless technology, although these systems are battery-intensive, prone to electromagnetic interference, and have security weaknesses. The human body is the signal transmission medium in the alternative wireless communication technology called human body communication (HBC). HBC possesses traits that could logically deal with the problems with RF for wireless body area networks (WBAN) technology. This overview looks at the ongoing research in this field and highlights the principles of the HBC, the most recent studies of HBC, human body coupling approaches, the designs of HBC transceivers, and the unresolved research issues. HBC provides promising future possibilities for making WBAN technologies more useful. </text>
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                <text>Chaitra Soppinahally Nataraju, Desai Karanam Sreekantha, Kanduri V S S S S Sairam</text>
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Patch antenna design based on 1D-EBG structures for high gain applications</text>
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Electromagnetic band-gap&#13;
High directivity characteristics&#13;
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                <text>In this paper the band gap of one-dimensional electromagnetic band gap (1D-EBG) structures will be determined analytically using the dispersion&#13;
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Combination time-frequency and empirical wavelet transform methods for removal of composite noise in EMG signals</text>
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                <text>CEEMDAN&#13;
Choi-Williams&#13;
Electromyography&#13;
Empirical wavelet transform&#13;
ICEEMDAN&#13;
Periodogram&#13;
Smoothed pseudo Wigner-Ville</text>
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                <text>Electromyography (EMG) is a technique used to measure the electrical&#13;
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control&#13;
Enhancing of coverless image steganography capacity based on image block features</text>
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                <text>Block dividing&#13;
Coverless steganography&#13;
Hashing generation&#13;
Hiding capacity&#13;
Information hiding</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The idea of coverless information hiding has seen a great deal of development since it was initially introduced due to its effectiveness in&#13;
defeating steganalysis tools. However, the capacity for general coverless&#13;
information hiding methods to conceal information is limited, as well as no previous methods worked at the other requirements such as robustness. In this paper, a coverless image steganography (CIS) method for increasing capacity is proposed while retaining the robustness. The proposed method consists of several steps. Firstly, the secret data is segmented into segments of the n length. Secondly, a suitable image that has features similar to the secret message is selected and divided into non-overlapping blocks. Thirdly, these blocks are transformed into the frequency domain by applying discreet wavelet transform (DWT). Fourthly, building a hash sequence table using a suggested hashing algorithm. Fifthly, to reduce search time an indexing table is built based on the generated hash sequence. Sixthly, match each segment with the generated hash sequences and save the auxiliary information for each matched segment in the image in a file. Lastly, send the stego image and the auxiliary information file to the receiver. The experimental results&#13;
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CIS methods. </text>
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                <text>Hadeel Talib Mangi, Suhad A. Ali, Majid Jabbar Jawad</text>
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                <text>http://telkomnika.uad.ac.id</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49406">
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Geographical and maximum distance on-demand routing algorithm G-MDORA</text>
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                <text>Application unit&#13;
Intelligent transportation system&#13;
Mobile ad-hoc network&#13;
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Roadside units&#13;
Vehicle to vehicle&#13;
Vehicular ad hoc network</text>
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                <text>A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is an intelligent technology that allows efficient communication, secure data transmission, and traffic management. VANET allows vehicles in the network to communicate wirelessly with roadside units (RSUs) or between vehicles within a coverage area. The primary goal of adopting VANET is to reduce the frequency of accidents in specific urban regions drastically. It has a significant impact on passenger safety and the ability of drivers to drive safely in metropolitan areas. As the number of cars on the road grows, so does the number of accidents. As a result, a better traffic system is required to address this issue. VANET is a cutting-edge network that primarily delivers intelligent transportation system (ITS) services to end-users to facilitate data exchange and ensure safety. In this paper, we propose geographical and maximum distance on-demand routing algorithm (G-MDORA) that combines the advantages of geographic routing protocol (GRP) and MDORA protocol for Ad hoc routing between vehicle to vehicle (V2V). Our proposed model provides an idea that can be used to improve the performance of the GRP and MDORA protocol. Moreover, the performance of the G-MDORA, GRP, and MDORA protocol was compared in terms of end-to-end delay, communication overhead, throughput, and packet loss ratio. </text>
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                <text>Dania Mohammed, Muhamad Mansor, Goh Chin Hock</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="49396">
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                  <text>VOL. 21, NO. 6 2023</text>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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Optimization of an ANN-based speed and position estimator for an FOC-controlled PMSM using genetic algorithm</text>
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                <text>Artificial neural networks&#13;
Genetic algorithm&#13;
PMSM&#13;
Sensorless field oriented&#13;
control</text>
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                <text>To further improve the performance of sensorless permanent magnet&#13;
synchronous motor (PMSM) implementations, this study develops a neural network-based estimator for the speed and position estimation of a PMSM using field oriented control (FOC) as its control scheme. The proposed neural network’s hyperparameters are optimized using genetic algorithm. The neural network is trained and optimized based on a training dataset obtained from the Simulink simulation of the motor control system. The hyperparameters optimized include the training algorithm parameters, batch size, and the number of hidden layers and the corresponding neurons. The proposed estimator performed with better estimation accuracy than conventional estimators such as the sliding mode observer (SMO), model reference adaptive system (MRAS), and two other neural network configurations. The qualifications were made on steady-state and dynamic conditions. In terms of efficiency, the proposed estimator has a relatively lower power consumption but still falls short of the power drawn when using an actual sensor. The qualification process verified that the optimization of the neural network’s hyperparameters using genetic algorithm can provide a better performance in the estimation of motor parameters in sensorless motor&#13;
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                <text>TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control&#13;
Sliding mode control of a PMSM railway traction drive fed by multi-level inverter</text>
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Permanent magnet synchronous&#13;
motor&#13;
Railway traction&#13;
Sliding mode control&#13;
T-type inverter</text>
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                <text>This work offers the sliding mode control (SMC) based control scheme for a railway traction transmission system fed by a five-level T-type inverter. This nonlinear control approach is created for the speed and torque loop control of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) railway traction drive system supplied by a multi-level inverter. The article also includes a mathematical model of a PMSM motor and torque load to design controllers. The paper expressed the vector voltage modulation design incorporating a five-level T-Type inverter. The research proposes a control scheme for the railway traction drive system that enhances transmission quality by lowering the torque ripper and stator current harmonic distortion and extending converter life. Through MATLAB simulation, the study findings are validated. </text>
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                <text>Vo Thanh Ha, Vo Quang Vinh</text>
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