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                  <text>Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 29 No. 2 2020 FKUI</text>
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                <text>Jurnal Internasional Medical Journal of Indonesia FKUI Vol. 29 No. 2 2020&#13;
Optimization of The Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing Enzyme Catalytic Polypeptide-like-3G (APOBEC3G) Gene to Enhance Its Expression in Escherichia coli</text>
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                <text>APOBEC3G, codon usage, prokaryote gene expression</text>
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                <text>BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like-3G (APOBEC3G) can abolish HIV infection by inducing lethal mutations in the HIV genome. The HIV protein virion infectivity factor (Vif) can interact with APOBEC3G protein and cause its degradation. Development of a method that can screen substances inhibiting the APOBEC3G-Vif interaction is necessary for identification of substances that potentially used in anti-HIV drug development. In order to increase expression of &#13;
recombinant APOBEC3G protein that will be used in APOBEC3G-Vif interaction assay, we developed an optimized APOBEC3G gene for expression in Escherichia coli.&#13;
METHODS The gene coding APOBEC3G was codon-optimized in accordance with prokaryotic codon using DNA 2.0 software to avoid bias codons that could inhibit its expression. The APOBEC3G gene was synthesized and sub-cloned into pQE80L plasmid vector. pQE80L containing APOBEC3G was screened by polymerase chain reaction, enzyme restriction, and sequencing to verify its DNA sequence. The recombinant APOBEC3G was expressed in E. coli under isopropyl-β-D thiogalactoside (IPTG) induction and purified by using nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) resin.&#13;
RESULTS The synthetic gene coding APOBEC3G was successfully cloned into the pQE80L vector and could be expressed abundantly in E. coli BL21 in the presence of IPTG.&#13;
CONCLUSIONS Recombinant APOBEC3G is robustly expressed in E. coli BL21, and the APOBEC3G protein could be purified by using Ni-NTA. The molecular weight of the recombinant APOBEC3G produced is smaller than the expected value. However, the protein is predicted to be able to interact with Vif because this interaction is determined by a specific domain located on the N-terminal of APOBEC3G.</text>
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                <text>Rizkyana Avissa, Silvia Tri Widyaningtyas, Budiman Bela</text>
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                <text>Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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                <text>ISSN : 0853-1773</text>
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                <text>Jurnal Internasional Medical Journal of Indonesia FKUI Vol. 29 No. 2 2020</text>
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        <name>codon usage</name>
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                  <text>Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 29 No. 2 2020 FKUI</text>
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                <text>Jurnal Internasional Medical Journal of Indonesia FKUI Vol. 29 No. 2 2020&#13;
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio for Predictor of in-Hospital Mortality in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis </text>
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                <text>in-hospital mortality, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, STEMI</text>
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                <text>BACKGROUND ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is the most life-threatening condition of acute coronary syndrome that carries a poor prognosis of in-hospital mortality. Multiple scoring systems have been developed to predict in-hospital mortality and other cardiovascular events. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is hardly used as a predictor of in-hospital mortality. This study was aimed to determine the predictive value of NLR concerning in-hospital mortality in STEMI patients.&#13;
METHODS Literature search and pooled analysis related to studies on MEDLINE/PubMed, EBSCO, Science Direct, Cochrane, and ProQuest were retrieved. Inclusion criteria were met if they were cohort studies, the subjects were STEMI patient, &#13;
contained pretreatment NLR cut-off, and considered in-hospital mortality, which is defined as cardiac or all-cause mortality. Quality assessment was conducted using Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Review Manager version 5.3 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen) was used for meta-analysis.&#13;
RESULTS We found 12 studies with a total of 7,251 STEMI subjects with median NLR cut�off value of 5.6. Elevated NLR on admission carries a high risk of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 3.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.46–3.67). A slightly higher risk of all-cause mortality (OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.99–3.77) was observed compared with cardiac-related mortality (OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 2.47–4.14). No significant heterogeneity was observed between these studies (p = 0.46, I2 = 0%).&#13;
CONCLUSIONS Elevated NLR predicts a higher in-hospital mortality rate of STEMI patients. </text>
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                <text>Rodry Mikhael, Evan Hindoro, Sharleen Taner,  Antonia Anna Lukito</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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                <text>2020-07-02</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>ISSN : 0853-1773</text>
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                <text>Jurnal Internasional Medical Journal of Indonesia FKUI Vol. 29 No. 2 2020</text>
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        <name>in-hospital mortality</name>
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        <name>neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio</name>
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                  <text>Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 29 No. 2 2020 FKUI</text>
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                <text>Jurnal Internasional Medical Journal of Indonesia FKUI Vol. 29 No. 2 2020&#13;
A Case Series of Eight Scoliosis Patients undergone Pedicle Screw Placement with Freehand Technique: Study for Safety and Accuracy </text>
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                <text>pedicle screws, scoliosis</text>
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                <text>BACKGROUND Pedicle screws and rods are routinely inserted in the vertebrae thoracic to lumbar in scoliosis reconstruction surgery to gain deformity correction and fusion. Intraoperative imaging is often needed to ensure accuracy, but surgical time will be longer and there will be more radiation exposure. Meanwhile, freehand technique is accepted as safe. This study was aimed to evaluate the accuracy of screw insertion in the freehand technique used in adolescent scoliosis surgery. &#13;
METHODS This case series evaluated a total of 127 pedicle screws inserted using the freehand technique in 8 out of 28 adolescent scoliosis patients from 2011 to 2016 whom agreed for computed tomography (CT) scan follow-up from 2011 to 2016 in Dr. Seotomo Hospital, Surabaya. The accuracy and safety of the freehand technique were evaluated postoperatively in each patient using a CT scan. A successful screw was considered accurate if it was within the vertebral body and inside the safety zone (within the limit of 2–4 mm to the medial or lateral side of the vertebral body. &#13;
RESULTS Of the 127 screws inserted, 106 (83.5%) were accurately placed, and 110 (86.6%) were within the safe zone. According to the level of the spine, in the upper and middle thoracic spine, the inserted screws were accurate in 69.4% and 74.9% within the safety zone, whereas in the lower thoracic and lumbar spine, 94.0% and 95.0% within the safety zone.&#13;
CONCLUSIONS The freehand technique in scoliosis reconstructive surgery performed by experienced surgeons is accurate and safe.</text>
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                <text>Komang Agung Irianto, Marquee Kenny Tumbelaka</text>
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                <text>Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia</text>
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                <text>Sri Wahyuni</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>ISSN : 0853-1773</text>
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                <text>Jurnal Internasional Medical Journal of Indonesia FKUI Vol. 29 No. 2 2020</text>
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                <text>Cover Jurnal Internasional Medical Journal of Indonesia FKUI Vol. 29 No. 2 2020</text>
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