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                  <text>JURNAL INTERNASIONAL KEBIDANAN 2020-2023 UNIVERSITAS KEDOKTERAN GUILAN VOLUME 31 ISSUE 4.&#13;
JOURNAL OF HOLISTIC NURSING OF MIDWIFERY.&#13;
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                <text>JURNAL INTERNASIONAL KEBIDANAN 2020-2023 UNIVERSITAS KEDOKTERAN GUILAN VOLUME 31 ISSUE 4.&#13;
JOURNAL OF HOLISTIC NURSING OF MIDWIFERY.&#13;
Effect of Spiritual Care on Death Anxiety and Self-esteem in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis </text>
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                <text>Spirituality, Anxiety, Death, Self-esteem, Multiple sclerosis</text>
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                <text>Introduction: Death anxiety and low self-esteem are major problems in patients with Multiple&#13;
Sclerosis (MS). Spiritual interventions, along with other nursing interventions, can restore the&#13;
balance between body and soul.&#13;
Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of the spiritual care program on death&#13;
anxiety and self-esteem in MS patients.&#13;
Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 60 patients with MS were randomly assigned&#13;
into the intervention (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. The intervention group received&#13;
spiritual care program in four sessions. Templer death anxiety and Rosenberg self-esteem&#13;
scale were completed by samples before and after the intervention. Data analysis was&#13;
performed using the independent t test, Chi-square, and Fisher exact tests. The significance&#13;
level is considered less than 0.05.&#13;
Results: The Mean±SD ages of the intervention and control group samples were 32.8±6.39 and&#13;
35.1±8.35 years, respectively. The Mean±SD scores of death anxiety in the control group&#13;
12.27±0.85 and the intervention group 11.8±0.88 before the intervention were not&#13;
significantly different. After the intervention, the difference between the Mean±SD scores&#13;
of the control group 12.10±0.61 and the interventional group 8.13±0.71 was statistically&#13;
significant (P=0.001). The Mean±SD scores of self-esteem in the control group 14.63±1.51 and&#13;
the interventional group 15.5±1.5 before the intervention were not significantly different.&#13;
The difference between the Mean±SD scores of self-esteem in the control group 14.67±1.9&#13;
and the interventional group 18.03±1.85 was significant after the intervention (P=0.001).&#13;
The results of ANCOVA demonstrated a significant difference between the control and&#13;
intervention groups in terms of death anxiety (F=6.41, P=0.014, partial Eta2&#13;
&#13;
=0.101) and self-&#13;
esteem (F=13.079, P=0.001, partial Eta2&#13;
&#13;
=0.187) of MS patients.&#13;
&#13;
Conclusion: Since spiritual care intervention in patients with MS reduced their death anxiety&#13;
and increased their self-esteem, this simple and low-cost care program can be recommended&#13;
for those suffering from this disease.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9040">
                <text>Ali Akbari , Efat Sadeghian , Khodayar Oshvandi , Naser Kamyari , Danial Shadi</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9041">
                <text>October 2021, Volume 31, Number 4</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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                <text>peri irawan</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>english</text>
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        <name>Anxiety</name>
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      <tag tagId="730">
        <name>Death</name>
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      <tag tagId="25">
        <name>Jurnal Internasional</name>
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      <tag tagId="732">
        <name>Multiple sclerosis</name>
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        <name>Self-esteem</name>
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                  <text>JURNAL INTERNASIONAL KEBIDANAN 2020-2023 UNIVERSITAS KEDOKTERAN GUILAN VOLUME 31 ISSUE 4.&#13;
JOURNAL OF HOLISTIC NURSING OF MIDWIFERY.&#13;
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9064">
                <text>JURNAL INTERNASIONAL KEBIDANAN 2020-2023 UNIVERSITAS KEDOKTERAN GUILAN VOLUME 31 ISSUE 4.&#13;
JOURNAL OF HOLISTIC NURSING OF MIDWIFERY.&#13;
Estimation of Fetal Weight by Clinical Methods and Ultrasonography and Comparing With Actual Birth Weight </text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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                <text>Fetal weight, Birth weight, Ultrasonography, Pregnancy, Estimation techniques</text>
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                <text>Introduction: Assessment of fetal weight is a vital factor in antenatal care, not only in the&#13;
management of labor and delivery but also in identifying fetal weight disorders.&#13;
Objective: This study compares the accuracy of clinical methods and ultrasonography in&#13;
Estimating Fetal Weight (EFW) with Actual Birth Weight (ABW) in term pregnant women.&#13;
Materials and Methods: This diagnostic test evaluation study was performed on 247&#13;
single-term pregnant women admitted to an educational, therapeutic hospital in Rasht&#13;
City, Iran. In this study, abdominal palpation, Johnson’s formula, Insler’s formula, and&#13;
ultrasonography were used to estimate fetal weight. One-sample t-test, the Chi-square,&#13;
and the Bland-Altman plot were used to compare the diagnostic value of fetal weight&#13;
estimation methods. The accuracy of tests was estimated based on sensitivity and&#13;
specificity in fetal weight groups (below 2500 g, 2500- 4000 g, and above 4000 g) by the&#13;
Bland-Altman plot.&#13;
Results: The participating pregnant women had a Mean±SD age of 28.86±4.24 years, body&#13;
mass index of 32.98±6.0 kg/m2&#13;
&#13;
, and gestational age of 39±1.04 wk. Their Mean±SD actual&#13;
birth weight was 3343.352±432.799 gr, Also, the Mean±SD birth weight found by abdominal&#13;
palpation was 3371.053±345.561 gr, Mean±SD birth weight by Johnson’s formula 3041.206&#13;
±411 gr, by Insler’s formula 3556.316±531.567 gr, and by ultrasonography 3294.28±380.09&#13;
gr, Based on the one-sample t-test, the abdominal palpation had the lowest (P=0.261),&#13;
and the Insler’s formula (P=0.001) had the highest difference with the actual birth weight.&#13;
Regarding the fetal weight groups, Insler’s formula (96.33%) was highly accurate in Low Birth&#13;
Weight (LBW), but abdominal palpation (91.09%) was more accurate in normal weight and&#13;
macrosomia (94.72%) groups. There was a significant difference between clinical methods&#13;
with ABW (P=0.026).&#13;
Conclusion: Clinical methods are accessible, affordable, and available and can estimate fetal&#13;
weight in developing countries, especially in our country.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9067">
                <text>Raziyeh Mossayebnezhad , Maryam Niknami , Sedigheh Pakseresht , Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leili </text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9068">
                <text>October 2021, Volume 31, Number</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9069">
                <text>peri irawan</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>english</text>
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        <name>birth weight</name>
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        <name>Estimation techniques</name>
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        <name>Fetal weight</name>
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        <name>Jurnal Internasional</name>
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        <name>pregnancy</name>
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        <name>ultrasonography</name>
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                  <text>JURNAL INTERNASIONAL KEBIDANAN 2020-2023 UNIVERSITAS KEDOKTERAN GUILAN VOLUME 31 ISSUE 4.&#13;
JOURNAL OF HOLISTIC NURSING OF MIDWIFERY.&#13;
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9028">
                <text>JURNAL INTERNASIONAL KEBIDANAN 2020-2023 UNIVERSITAS KEDOKTERAN GUILAN VOLUME 31 ISSUE 4.&#13;
JOURNAL OF HOLISTIC NURSING OF MIDWIFERY.&#13;
Explaining Courage in Ethical Decision-making by Nursing Managers: A Qualitative Content Analysis </text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Courage, Nursing managers, Ethical decision-making, Qualitative content analysis</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Introduction: Ethical decision-making by nursing managers is influenced by various essential&#13;
factors, such as courage, without which it is impossible to act on them.&#13;
Objective: This study aimed to explore the experiences of nursing managers about courage&#13;
in ethical decision-making.&#13;
Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted in Iran by a qualitative content&#13;
analysis approach in 2018. Nineteen nurse managers were selected purposefully from&#13;
&#13;
hospitals in Tehran and Shahrekord cities. Data were collected using semi-structured, in-&#13;
depth, face-to-face interviews, and after transcription, they were analyzed according to&#13;
&#13;
the Graneheim and Lundman method.&#13;
Results: Based on data analysis, we extracted 2 categories (obligation, decisiveness) and 8&#13;
subcategories (clearness in expressing decisions, the ability of the manager to make decisions&#13;
in critical and complex situations, authority/decision-making as a religious responsibility,&#13;
follow the decision process, being responsible, making compensatory decisions, making&#13;
preventive decisions).&#13;
Conclusion: The findings showed that managers who are committed to ethical decision-making&#13;
have enough assertiveness to make the decisions. Educating, empowering, and sensitizing&#13;
&#13;
managers and enhancing their insight into ethical issues through problem-solving and role-&#13;
playing techniques can play an essential role in promoting their commitment and responsibility.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9031">
                <text>Mostafa Roshanzadeh , Zohreh Vanaki , Afsaneh Sadooghiasl, Ali Tajabadi, Somayeh Mohammadi</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9032">
                <text>October 2021, Volume 31, Number 4</text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9033">
                <text>peri irawan</text>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9035">
                <text>english</text>
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        <name>Courage</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="735">
        <name>Ethical decision-making</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="25">
        <name>Jurnal Internasional</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="734">
        <name>Nursing managers</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="736">
        <name>Qualitative content analysis</name>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>JURNAL INTERNASIONAL KEBIDANAN 2020-2023 UNIVERSITAS KEDOKTERAN GUILAN VOLUME 31 ISSUE 4.&#13;
JOURNAL OF HOLISTIC NURSING OF MIDWIFERY.&#13;
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="8986">
                <text>JURNAL INTERNASIONAL KEBIDANAN 2020-2023 UNIVERSITAS KEDOKTERAN GUILAN VOLUME 31 ISSUE 4.&#13;
JOURNAL OF HOLISTIC NURSING OF MIDWIFERY.&#13;
Investigation of Structural Relationships of Factors Affecting Posttraumatic Growth in Women With Breast Cancer </text>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="8987">
                <text>Posttraumatic growth, Positive Re-evaluation, Re-evaluation, Spirituality, Religion, Rumination</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Introduction: It is necessary to identify the factors affecting the posttraumatic growth of&#13;
cancer patients to minimize the consequences of its psychological trauma.&#13;
Objective: This study aimed to determine the structural relationships of coping styles, the&#13;
collapse of core beliefs, social support, spirituality/religious coping with posttraumatic growth&#13;
variables, and the mediating role of positive reassessment and deliberate mental rumination&#13;
within a causal pattern.&#13;
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed using path analysis and&#13;
structural equation modeling (SEM) by convenience sampling method on 213 patients with&#13;
breast cancer in Mashhad, Iran, in 2019. The pattern of variables relationships was tested&#13;
in a conceptual model by SEM and used the partial least squares regression method to test&#13;
the measurement pattern and research hypotheses. In the measurement model section,&#13;
three convergent validity indices, i.e., Average Variance Extracted (AVE), Composite Reliability&#13;
(CR), and the Cronbach α, and in the structural model section, two indicators of coefficient of&#13;
determination (R2&#13;
&#13;
) and Stone-Geisser coefficient (Q2).&#13;
&#13;
Results: The Mean±SD age of the patients was 52±16 years. The standardized coefficients&#13;
of the overall effect of core beliefs pathways, positive religious coping, search for meaning,&#13;
presence of meaning, deliberate rumination over positive re-evaluation were 0.953, 0.386,&#13;
-0.250, 0.248, and 0.238, respectively (P=0.001). The direct coefficient of the positive&#13;
reassessment path to posttraumatic growth was 0.085 (P=0.01). Also, the coefficient of&#13;
collapse path of core beliefs to intrusive rumination was 0.687, which was significant at the&#13;
level of P=0.0001. Finally, the standardized coefficients of the overall effect of all paths for&#13;
negative religious coping, the collapse of core beliefs, presence of meaning, problem-based&#13;
coping style, search for meaning, deliberate rumination, social support, positive religious&#13;
coping, emotion-based coping, intrusive rumination over posttraumatic growth were -0.481,&#13;
0.227, 0.182, 0.146, -0.136, 0.066, 0.060, 0.059, 0.056, and -0.043, respectively (P=0.0001).&#13;
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that in addition to confirming the&#13;
direct paths of independent variables to the posttraumatic growth, positive reassessment&#13;
had a mediating role between pathways of the presence and search of meaning, conscious&#13;
rumination, religious coping, and the collapse of core beliefs in posttraumatic growth.</text>
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                <text>Azam Hashemian Moghadam , Hamid Reza Aghamohammadian Sharbaf , Mohammad Saeid AbdeKhodaei , Hossein Kareshki , Mona Joudi</text>
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                <text>peri irawan</text>
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        <name>Posttraumatic growth</name>
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                  <text>JURNAL INTERNASIONAL KEBIDANAN 2020-2023 UNIVERSITAS KEDOKTERAN GUILAN VOLUME 31 ISSUE 4.&#13;
JOURNAL OF HOLISTIC NURSING OF MIDWIFERY.&#13;
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                <text>JURNAL INTERNASIONAL KEBIDANAN 2020-2023 UNIVERSITAS KEDOKTERAN GUILAN VOLUME 31 ISSUE 4.&#13;
JOURNAL OF HOLISTIC NURSING OF MIDWIFERY.&#13;
Oral Health Status in the Iranian Elderly: The Role of Nutrition Status and Health Literacy </text>
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                <text>Introduction: Oral health plays an important role in determining food intake patterns,&#13;
meeting nutritional needs, and consequently keeping the health of the elderly and their&#13;
quality of life. Health literacy is also one of the biggest determinants that significantly impacts&#13;
disease prevention in the elderly.&#13;
Objective: This study aimed to determine oral health status and the relationship between health&#13;
literacy and nutritional status in the elderly referring to health centers in Tabriz City, Iran.&#13;
Materials and Methods: This research is a cross-sectional analytical study performed on&#13;
300 older people in Tabriz in 2020. Data collection tools included the geriatric oral health&#13;
assessment index, seniors in the community: risk evaluation for eating and nutrition,&#13;
health literacy for Iranian adults, and demographic information questionnaire. To analyze&#13;
the data, descriptive statistics were used to sort out the data. The Shapiro-Wilk test was&#13;
used to check the data normality, and then simple and multiple linear regression analyses&#13;
were performed to evaluate the relationship between variables and control the effect of&#13;
intervening variables. The level of significance in this study was considered less than 0.05.&#13;
Results: The Mean±SD age of the elderly was 69.7±6.7 years. The number of men and women&#13;
participating in this study was equal. A total of 257 people (85.7%) were married. The results&#13;
showed that the oral health status of 51% of the elderly was below mean, 65.33% of the&#13;
elderly were illiterate, and 69.33% were severely malnourished. Based on the results of&#13;
multiple regression, the nutritional status of the individuals was a predictor of the oral health&#13;
score of the elderly (Β=-13.5, 95% CI; -11.3, -15.69, P=0.001). So, people with malnutrition,&#13;
mildly malnourished, and severely malnourished had lower oral health scores than healthy&#13;
individuals with the control of the other variables. The R2&#13;
&#13;
value in this study was 0.59.&#13;
Conclusion: According to the study results and the relationship between malnutrition and&#13;
oral health, it is necessary to conduct studies on the factors affecting malnutrition in the&#13;
elderly by intervening on the factors affecting malnutrition, changing the oral health status of&#13;
the elderly, and improving their quality of life.</text>
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                <text>Shahab Papi , Manijeh Izadi , Leila Behboodi , Zahra Taheri-Kharameh , Fatemeh Hosseini , Mahdi Yousefi , Zeynab Karimi</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9023">
                <text>October 2021, Volume 31, Number 4</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9024">
                <text>peri irawan</text>
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                  <text>JURNAL INTERNASIONAL KEBIDANAN 2020-2023 UNIVERSITAS KEDOKTERAN GUILAN VOLUME 31 ISSUE 4.&#13;
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              <elementText elementTextId="9046">
                <text>JURNAL INTERNASIONAL KEBIDANAN 2020-2023 UNIVERSITAS KEDOKTERAN GUILAN VOLUME 31 ISSUE 4.&#13;
JOURNAL OF HOLISTIC NURSING OF MIDWIFERY.&#13;
Psychometric Adequacy of the Persian Version of the Performance Management Behavior Questionnaire in Universities </text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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                <text>Introduction: Despite interest in improving performance management in universities,&#13;
few studies have examined this topic. Because of the absence of validated tools in Iran for&#13;
assessing behavior performance management, this study was conducted to validate the&#13;
behavior performance management scale.&#13;
Objective: This study aimed to assess the psychometric adequacy of the Performance&#13;
Management Behavior Questionnaire (PMBQ) for the heads of university departments in Iran.&#13;
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in four phases. The first&#13;
and second phases included PMBQ translation and its modification in accordance with&#13;
the educational setting. The third phase consisted of the content and face validation, and&#13;
the fourth phase aimed to evaluate the construct validity and reliability of this scale. All&#13;
400 faculty members (200 for exploratory factor analysis and 200 for confirmatory factor&#13;
analysis) were studied. After translation, the 27-item PMBQ was evaluated for validity and&#13;
reliability. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) were computed for&#13;
content validity. For construct validation, the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory&#13;
factor analysis were used. The PMBQ reliability was assessed by the Cronbach α coefficient.&#13;
Results: Considering eigenvalues above one, five factors were identified that jointly explained&#13;
58.22% of the variance observed. Based on the arrangement of the factors, they labeled as&#13;
monitoring performance management (9 items), coaching (6 items), goal setting (6 items),&#13;
communication (3 items), and providing consequence (2 items). Results showed that the&#13;
Average Variance Extracted (AVE) varied between 0.51 and 0.60; composite reliability was&#13;
between 0.7 and 0.81, and the Cronbach α coefficient was between 0.70 and 0.82.&#13;
Conclusion: PMBQ as a valid and reliable tool can be used for assessing the behavior of the&#13;
heads of departments from the viewpoints of faculty members.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="9049">
                <text>Leila Keikavoosi-Arani , Leili Salehi</text>
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                <text>October 2021, Volume 31, Number 4</text>
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                <text>peri irawan</text>
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                  <text>JURNAL INTERNASIONAL KEBIDANAN 2020-2023 UNIVERSITAS KEDOKTERAN GUILAN VOLUME 31 ISSUE 4.&#13;
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                <text>JURNAL INTERNASIONAL KEBIDANAN 2020-2023 UNIVERSITAS KEDOKTERAN GUILAN VOLUME 31 ISSUE 4.&#13;
JOURNAL OF HOLISTIC NURSING OF MIDWIFERY.&#13;
The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Therapy on the Immune  Function and Activity Limitations in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome </text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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                <text>Acceptance and commitment therapy, Irritable bowel syndrome, Activity limitation</text>
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                <text>Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome is the most common, costly, and disabling dysfunction&#13;
of the gastrointestinal tract. Mental disorders can be one of the main factors in the onset,&#13;
continuation, or exacerbation of gastrointestinal signs and symptoms in people with&#13;
this syndrome. Commitment and acceptance therapy is a mixture of four approaches of&#13;
awareness, acceptance, commitment, and behavior change, and its overall goal is to achieve&#13;
psychological flexibility to move towards thought-based behavior. This treatment focuses less&#13;
on reducing symptoms and more on improving the quality of life.&#13;
Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based&#13;
therapy on the immune function and activity limitations in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.&#13;
&#13;
Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research with a pre-test, post-&#13;
test design and a control group. Thirty patients with irritable bowel syndrome were randomly&#13;
&#13;
selected from those referred to a hospital clinic in Tabriz City, Iran. They were randomly divided&#13;
into the intervention and control groups (15 in each group). The intervention group received&#13;
acceptance and commitment group therapy for 8 sessions, while the control group did not&#13;
receive any intervention. Both groups were assessed before and after the intervention, and&#13;
in the follow-up phase using the activity limitations subscale of quality of life questionnaires&#13;
(to measure activity limitations) and stool calprotectin test to assess safety performance. Data&#13;
analysis was performed using descriptive statistics indices (mean and standard deviation) and&#13;
analysis of variance with repeated measures, Bonferroni test, and analysis of covariance to&#13;
test the study hypotheses.&#13;
Results: The Mean±SD age of the intervention group was 34.53±18.38 years, and the&#13;
Mean±SD age of the control group was 42.80±17.97 years. The significance levels of Levene’s&#13;
and the Shapiro-Wilk test for all variables were greater than 0.05. Based on the results, the&#13;
Mean±SD score of the activity limitations variable in the intervention group was 7.53±4.24&#13;
in the pre-test, 17.66±3.41 in the post test, and 17.26±3.65 in the follow-up. According to&#13;
the results, activity limitations (P=0.027) and safety performance (P=0.034) were significantly&#13;
different before and after the intervention.&#13;
Conclusion: The present study’s findings show that acceptance and commitment-based&#13;
therapy can play an influential role in improving patients’ immune function and promoting&#13;
their activity limitations. Therefore, this treatment is recommended as a complementary&#13;
therapy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.</text>
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                <text>Sepideh Shakernejad , Javad Khalatbari , Majid-Mahmoud Alilou</text>
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                <text>JURNAL INTERNASIONAL KEBIDANAN 2020-2023 UNIVERSITAS KEDOKTERAN GUILAN VOLUME 31 ISSUE 4.&#13;
JOURNAL OF HOLISTIC NURSING OF MIDWIFERY.&#13;
The Effects of Improving Emotional Intelligence on Death Anxiety in Older Adults </text>
              </elementText>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9056">
                <text>Anxiety, Death, Emotional intelligence, Older adults</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9057">
                <text>Introduction: Death anxiety is one of the main elements in mental health in older adults.&#13;
Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of improving emotional intelligence on&#13;
death anxiety in older adults in Kashan City, Iran.&#13;
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 60 older adults&#13;
referred to health clinics in Kashan City, Iran, in 2019. The participants were randomly&#13;
allocated to the control and experimental groups. Before the intervention, a demographics&#13;
data questionnaire and death anxiety scale was filled out by the two groups. The&#13;
experimental group received emotional intelligence education in eight sessions (twice&#13;
a week). The control group received no intervention. The study measures included a&#13;
demographic checklist and the Templer Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS). Immediately and one&#13;
month after the intervention, both groups filled out the death anxiety scale again. The&#13;
&#13;
collected data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical tests such as t test, the Chi-&#13;
square, and repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).&#13;
&#13;
Results: The results showed that 22 participants (73.3%) and 17 (56.7%) were in the 61-65&#13;
age range in the experimental and control groups, respectively. Based on the Chi-square test,&#13;
there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding demographical data,&#13;
including age, gender, marital status, education, and job. The results of repeated-measures&#13;
ANOVA in the experimental group showed that the mean scores of death anxiety decreased&#13;
over the 3 time points (P&lt;0.05). Also, the post hoc test showed a significant difference in&#13;
death anxiety scores at different time points in the experimental group (P&lt;0.05). The t test&#13;
results showed no statistically significant difference in the mean score of death anxiety before&#13;
the intervention between the two groups, but at the end of the sessions (P=0.006) and one&#13;
month after the intervention (P=0.001), this difference was significant.&#13;
Conclusion: The results indicated that improving emotional intelligence in older adults&#13;
decreased their death anxiety. It is recommended that nurses use this method to decrease&#13;
death anxiety in older adults.</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9058">
                <text>Akram Baghdadi , Mohammad Aghajani , Zohre Sadat , Neda Mirbagher Ajorpaz</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9059">
                <text>October 2021, Volume 31, Number 4</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9060">
                <text>peri irawan</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9061">
                <text>pdf</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9062">
                <text>english</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="9063">
                <text>text</text>
              </elementText>
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    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="723">
        <name>Anxiety, Death</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="380">
        <name>Emotional intelligence</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="25">
        <name>Jurnal Internasional</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="724">
        <name>Older adults</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
