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                  <text>VOL. 11 NO. 1 (2022) FEBRUARY 2022</text>
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                <text>Combining Image Processing Techniques and Mobile Sensor Information for Marker-less Augmented Reality Based Reconstruction</text>
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                <text>augmented reality based reconstruction, position localization, image processing, mobile sensor information</text>
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                <text>Marker-less Augmented Reality(AR) based recon- struction using mobile devices, is a near impossible task. When considering vision based tracking approaches, it is due to the lack of processing power in mobile devices and when considering mobile sensor based tracking approaches, it is due to the lack of accuracy in mobile Global Positioning System(GPS).&#13;
In order to address this problem this research presents a novel approach which combines image processing techniques and mobile sensor information which can be used to perform precise position localization in order to perform augmented reality based reconstruction using mobile devices. The core of this proposed methodology is tightly bound with the image processing technique which is used to identify the object scale in a given image, which is taken from the user’s mobile device. Use of mobile sensor information was to classify the most optimal locations for a given particular user location.&#13;
This proposed methodology has been evaluated against the results obtained using 10cm accurate Real-Time Kinematic(RTK) device and against the results obtained using only the Assisted Global Positioning System(A-GPS) chips in mobile devices. Though this proposed methodology require more processing time than A-GPS chips, the accuracy level of this proposed methodology outperforms that of A-GPS chips and the results of the experiments carried out further convince that this proposed methodology facilitates improving the accuracy of position local- ization for augmented reality based reconstruction using mobile devices under certain limitations.</text>
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                <text>I. S. Weerakkody, K. D. Sandaruwan, N. D. Kodikara</text>
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                <text>peri irawan</text>
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                <text>Pulsar Star Detection: A Comparative Analysis of Classification Algorithms using SMOTE</text>
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                <text>Pulsar is a highly magnetized rotating compact star whose magnetic poles emit beams of radiation. The application of pulsar stars has a great application in the field of astronomical study. Applications like the existence of gravitational radiation can be indirectly confirmed from the observation of pulsars in a binary neutron star system. Therefore, the identification of pulsars is necessary for the study of gravitational waves and general relativity. Detection of pulsars in the universe can help research in the field of astrophysics. At present, there are millions of pulsar candidates present to be searched. Machine learning techniques can help detect pulsars from such a large number of candidates. The paper discusses nine common classification algorithms for the prediction of pulsar stars and then compares their performances using various classification metrics such as classification accuracy, precision and recall value, ROC score and f-score on both balanced and unbalanced data. SMOTE-technique is used to balance the data for better results. Among the nine algorithms, XGBoosting algorithm achieved the best results. The paper is concluded with prospects of machine learning for pulsar detection in the field of astronomy.</text>
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                <text>Apratim Sadhu</text>
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                <text>Classification is a process to assert an object into one of defined categories. This study examines the classification of recognition of student’s facial expression during digital learning –indifferent and serious expression. The dataset used was from a vocational school -SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Bantul. This study used the combination of algorithm: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to increase the accuracy. This study aims at comparing the performance of combination of two algorithm: (PCA to SVM) and (PCA to k-NN). The result states that the combination of PCA-SVM algorithm is higher than the combination of PCA-k-NN algorithm with the average accuracy of 96% and 89%.</text>
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                <text>Intan Setiawati, Enny Itje Sela</text>
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                  <text>VOL. 11 NO. 1 (2022) FEBRUARY 2022</text>
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                <text>A Framework for Verification in Contactless Secure Physical Access Control and Authentication Systems</text>
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                <text>Biometrics is one of the very popular techniques in user identification for accessing institutions and logging into attendance systems. Currently, some of the existing biometric techniques such as the use of fingerprints are unpopular due to COVID-19 challenges. This paper identifies the components of a framework for secure contactless access authentication. The researcher selected 50 journals from Google scholar which were used to analyze the various components used in a secure contactless access authentication framework. The methodology used for research was based on the scientific approach of research methodology that mainly includes data collection from the 50 selected journals, analysis of the data and assessment of results. The following components were identified: database, sensor camera, feature extraction methods, matching and decision algorithm. Out of the considered journals the most used is CASIA database at 40%, CCD Sensor camera with 56%, Gabor feature extraction method at 44%, Hamming distance for matching at 100% and PCA at 100% was used for decision making. These findings will assist the researcher in providing a guide on the best suitable components. Various researchers have proposed an improvement in the current security systems due to integrity and security problems.</text>
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                <text>Boniface Mwangi Wambui1,2, Joyce W Gikandi, Geoffrey Mariga Wambugu</text>
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                <text>peri irawan</text>
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                  <text>VOL. 11 NO. 1 (2022) FEBRUARY 2022</text>
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                <text>A Review of Smishing Attaks Mitigation Strategies</text>
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                <text>phishing; Social engineering; vishing; SMS; malware; mobile applications; awareness.</text>
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                <text>Mobile Smishing crime has continued to escalate globally due to technology enhancements and people's growing dependence on smartphones and other technologies. SMS facilitates the distribution of crucial information that is principally important for non-digital savvy users who are typically underprivileged. Smishing, often known as SMS phishing, entails transmitting deceptive text messages to lure someone into revealing individual information or installing malware. The number of incidences of smishing has increased tremendously as the internet and cellphones have spread to even the most remote regions of the globe.</text>
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                <text>David Ng’ang’a Njuguna, John Kamau, Dennis Kaburu</text>
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                  <text>VOL. 11 NO. 1 (2022) FEBRUARY 2022</text>
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                <text>Review of Semantic Importance and Role of using Ontologies in Web Information Retrieval Techniques</text>
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                <text>component; Web Information Retrieval; Ontology; Semantics; Multimedia Information Retrieval</text>
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                <text>The Web contains an enormous amount of information, which is managed to accumulate, researched, and regularly used by many users. The nature of the Web is multilingual and growing very fast with its diverse nature of data including unstructured or semi-structured data such as Websites, texts, journals, and files. Obtaining critical relevant data from such vast data with its diverse nature has been a monotonous and challenging task. Simple key phrase data gathering systems rely heavily on statistics, resulting in a word incompatibility problem related to a specific word's inescapable semantic and situation variants. As a result, there is an urgent need to arrange such colossal data systematically to find out the relevant information that can be quickly analyzed and fulfill the users' needs in the relevant context. Over the years ontologies are widely used in the semantic Web to contain unorganized information systematic and structured manner. Still, they have also significantly enhanced the efficiency of various information recovery approaches. Ontological information gathering systems recover files focused on the semantic relation of the search request and the searchable information. This paper examines contemporary ontology-based information extraction techniques for texts, interactive media, and multilingual data types. Moreover, the study tried to compare and classify the most significant developments utilized in the search and retrieval techniques and their major disadvantages and benefits.</text>
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                <text>Ashraf Ali</text>
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                <text>www.ijcit.com</text>
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                <text>peri irawan</text>
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                <text>english</text>
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