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                <text>Edge computing&#13;
Vehicle counting&#13;
Vehicle detection&#13;
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You only look once version 8 nano</text>
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                <text>Recently, there has been a significant increase in the use of deep learning and low-computing edge devices for analysis of video-based systems, particularly in the field of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). One promising application of computer vision techniques in ITS is in the development of low-computing and accurate vehicle counting systems that can be used to eliminate dependence on external cloud computing resources. This paper proposes a compact, reliable and real-time vehicle counting solution which can be deployed on low-computational requirement edge computing devices. The system makes use of a custom-built vehicle detection algorithm based on the you only look once version 8 nano (YOLOv8n), combined with a deep association metric (DeepSORT) object tracking algorithm and an efficient vehicle counting method for accurate counting of vehicles in highway scenes. The system is trained to detect, track and count four distinct vehicle classeses, namely: car, motorcycle, bus, and truck. The proposed system was able to achieve an average vehicle detection mean average precision (mAP) score of 97.5%, a vehicle counting accuracy score of 96.8% and an average speed of 19.4 frames per second (FPS), all while being deployed on a compact Nvidia Jetson Nano edge-computing device. The proposed system outperforms other previously proposed tools in terms of both accuracy and speed.</text>
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                <text>Journal homepage: http://telkomnika.uad.ac.id</text>
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        <name>Edge computing Vehicle counting Vehicle detection Vehicle tracking You only look once version 8 nano</name>
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                <text>Proposing a new method for calculating DC sources in an extended multilevel converter</text>
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                <text>Cascaded&#13;
H-bridge&#13;
Multilevel inverter&#13;
Power electronics&#13;
Switches&#13;
Topology</text>
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                <text>In this paper, we propose a method for calculating the DC source amplitude in an extended multilevel inverter (MLI) structure so that the maximum number of levels and the output voltage waveform are as close as possible to the sinusoidal wave with minimum total harmonic distortion (THD). For the developed structure, three algorithms are suggested to determine the amounts of DC voltage resources. The first important point about choosing the right amounts for the DC resources is that the number of levels should be as large as possible, and the second important point is that the intervals between the levels should be the same throughout the waveform. By observing these two points, the output voltage waveform can be as near as possible to the sinusoidal wave that we want. In this study, we used iteration-based methods to find suitable values for DC sources. Simulation results are offered to confirm the capability of the extended multilevel converter. After we solved the problem through calculation and analysis, a code was written in MATLAB with the aim that this time the code will tell us for what values of DC sources we will have the largest number of levels and as we expected, the output of the MATLAB code confirmed the correctness of the calculations.</text>
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                <text>Afzal Keivanlou Shahrestanaki1, Rahim Ildarabadi1, Mahmoud Zadehbagheri2, Tole Sutikno3,4</text>
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                <text>Journal homepage: http://telkomnika.uad.ac.id</text>
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                  <text>VOL. 22, NO.1 2024</text>
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                <text>Conjugate gradient method&#13;
Descent condition&#13;
Global convergence condition&#13;
Logistic mapping&#13;
Unconstrained optimization</text>
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                <text>Following the standard methods proposed by Polak-Ribiere-Polyak (P-R), in this work we introduce two new non-linear conjugate gradient methods for solving unconstraint optimization problem, our new methods based on P-R. Standard method (P-R) have performance well in numerical result but does not satisfy global convergency condition. In this paper we modified double attractive and powerful parameters that have better performance and good numerical result than P-R method, also each of our robust method can satisfies the descent condition and global convergency condition by using wolf condition. More over the second method modified by logistic mapping form, the main novelty is their numerical results and demonstrate performance well with compare to a standard method.</text>
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                <text>Journal homepage: http://telkomnika.uad.ac.id</text>
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                <text>Multipath Rayleigh fading channel&#13;
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-differential chaos shift keying&#13;
Permutation index&#13;
Physical layer security&#13;
Secrecy analysis</text>
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                <text>This paper presented the performance of physical layer security of permutation index (PI) with modulating bits-based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing differential chaos shift keying system (PIM-OFDM-DCSK), the objective behind PIM-OFDM-DCSK is to improve and increase the information rate, spectral, and energy efficiencies. In PIM-OFDM-DCSK, the (M) subcarriers, each carry (n+1) bits. The n bits are index bits utilized to choose one permutation of the chaotic reference. On the receiver, after OFDM demodulation, the correlation is made between the permuted versions of the chaotic reference and the received bearing sequence of data. Then the received bits are assessed by determining the maximum correlator outputs via which the n bits are detected. Then the maximum output correlator sign is utilized to detect the modulating bit. The performance of the PIM-OFDM-DCSK is tested under additive white gaussian noise and multipath fading channel. Furthermore, the bit error rate is derived based on the wiretap system for the proposed PIM-OFDM-DCSK and compared with other DCSK modulations. The results show that the proposed PIM-OFDM-DCSK scheme is promising and competitive compared with other DCSK system, and the best BER performance is as an increase in the value of n and a decrease in the value of β.</text>
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                <text>Dhuha Hussein Hameed, Fadhil S. Hasan</text>
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                <text>Journal homepage: http://telkomnika.uad.ac.id</text>
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                <text>The ideology of the Solo Batik pattern has not been conveyed to the public. In addition, a lot of people are unaware that batik contains particular patterns that are also used for particular activities. This study uses a convolutional neural network model to categorize 9 different Solo Batik patterns according to their use of elaborate geometric shapes, complicated symbols, patterns, dots, and natural designs. With 1 to 4 hidden layers, we aim to select the number of hidden layers that yields the highest accuracy. A 100×100 pixel image is used as the input. The feature extraction process then makes use of 3×3 feature maps from three convolution layers. The dropout regularization is then added, with settings ranging from 0.1 to 0.9. The Adam algorithm is also used in this model to perform optimization. The 3-layered convolutional neural networks (CNN) with a dropout value of 0.2, run in 20 epochs, produced accuracy results of 97.77%, which was the highest. Additionally, it can be inferred that applying a certain number of hidden layers and adding right dropout regularization values has an impact on raising the accuracy score.</text>
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                <text>With continuous development of wireless communication and internet of things (IoT) technology enables many terminals to be interconnected with each other through the external environment by wireless communication. Along with that, 5G/6G technology provides services with enhanced quality and high data transmission speeds, requiring the implementation of IoT in the 5G/6G architecture. Free space optical (FSO) communication is considered as a promising technique that can connect IoT devices by high-speed communication link, so for wireless networks to fully realize the potential of 5G/6G technology providing speeds of 100 Gb/s or more, FSO is the optimal choice. By implementing FSO features in IoT, the performance and convegare of IoT will be improved and enhanced by using techniquaes for FSO systems. Therefore, this paper proposed and investigated the FSO communication system using reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) over Weibull distribution. The performance of system is evaluated according to the average channel capacity (ACC) parameters in the case with and without RIS, while the the different of the model is changed. The average spectral efficiency (ASE) parameters can also be represented ACC.</text>
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                <text>Due to the rapid development of information technology, the process of exchanging information over the web has become simple and fast. Nevertheless, the transmission of information will be at risk due to the nature of the internet, as anyone can access and change the data by hacking it. Therefore, it is necessary for protecting any personal information from being accessed by unlawful individuals. It became necessary to use encryption and steganography techniques for protecting data. Steganography is a manner used for covering hidden information in several other media while preserving the form of the original data and leaving no evidence of hidden data, whereas, encryption changes the original information into unclear or ambiguous information, which is called scrambled. The paper presents a method of video steganography as a powerful and effective tool for data steganography. We used a video as a spreading medium and then used it for concealment of an audio message and a document (in a pdf file) in a method that makes the information invisible using the least significant bit (LSB) method.</text>
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                <text>Huda A. Ali1, Alyaa J. Jalil1, Marwah K. Hussein2</text>
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                <text>Journal homepage: http://telkomnika.uad.ac.id</text>
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                  <text>VOL. 22, NO.1 2024</text>
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                <text>Cable grid&#13;
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Electric power grid&#13;
Fault detection&#13;
Global system for mobile modems&#13;
Global system for mobile network</text>
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                <text>The electrical power distribution parts include the distribution transformer responsible for reducing high voltage (HV) 11 Kv to low voltage (LV) 416/240 volts, and the power distribution lines (PDLs), which are the source of electrical power supply for residential neighborhoods. Any malfunction of these parts, result in a power outage. Currently, any faults are reported, detected, and alert in a primitive way, and this mechanism certainly takes a lot of time and effort. In this paper, an automatic approach for detection, report and alert has been suggested. This approach process is carried out by continuously checking the status of the three output feeders (power distribution lines), which is the low voltage side of the distribution transformer, when a malfunction occurs in any one or more of these feeders, it will generate an alert signal in the form of a text message using short message service (SMS). The maintenance center is notified by receiving this SMS via SIM900 modem through the global system for mobile (GSM) communications network. The SMS text message includes feeder number, fault type and location address (street number and distribution transformer number). In this design, time and effort are shortened and the maintenance center enables fully automatic monitoring of electric power distribution parts within the sector of responsibility.</text>
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                <text>Jabbar Shatti Jahlool1, Mohammed Abdulla Abdulsada2, Majid S. Naghmash1</text>
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                <text>Journal homepage: http://telkomnika.uad.ac.id</text>
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                  <text>VOL. 22, NO.1 2024</text>
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                <text>6G mimo antennas&#13;
Diversity gain&#13;
Isolation transmission&#13;
Microstrip patch antenna&#13;
mmWaves MIMO antennas&#13;
Printed circuit board&#13;
Radiation efficiency</text>
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                <text>Recently, multiport multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) antenna technology has been the main focus of both manufacturers and researchers. So, their biggest challenge was to propose a small antenna that operates in broadband. We will be the primary contributors to the manufacturing process for this sort of antenna in this work, so we suggested a 4×4 MIMO antenna in a very compact size. As a result, the antenna dimensions are (W=16 mm, L=16 mm, H=1.6 mm) and it operates in millimeter bands ranging from 38 to 80 GHz, with a wide bandwidth of 42 GHz. This antenna was created using modern design principles, such as the Rubik’s cube form. According to the results, we noticed that the performance of the parameters is good, as the reflection coefficient is &lt;10 dB for all frequencies. In addition, the isolation transmission performance between ports is &lt;-26 dB, the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is &lt;0.0000234 between all ports, and the diversity gain (DG) ranges between ports from 9.99 to 10 dB. Moreover, the percentage of the total antenna efficiency and radiation ranges from 70 to 98%, while the projected antenna gain range from 6.9 to 9.5 dB. With all these positive results, the suggested antenna has become one of the critical components in most contemporary wireless systems.</text>
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                <text>Karrar Shakir Muttair1,2, Oras Ahmed Shareef1, Hazeem Baqir Taher3</text>
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                <text>Journal homepage: http://telkomnika.uad.ac.id</text>
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                <text>peri irawan</text>
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                  <text>VOL. 22, NO.1 2024</text>
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                <text>Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide decotate Cu2S nanoparticles for cathode of quantum dot solar cell</text>
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                <text>Counter electrode&#13;
Graphene oxide material&#13;
Reduced graphene oxide</text>
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                <text>In this paper, the results of making a reduced graphene oxide cathode electrode with Cu2S nanoparticles are shown so that it can be used as a counter electrode in quantum dot solar cells to replace other counter electrodes. An rGO-Cu2S paste obtained by hydrolysis was scanned onto the surface of the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conductive substrate when bound to Cu2S nano by a screen-printing process, then calcined at 350 °C to crystallize the film. Following calcination, the film was examined for structure using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, as well as for type and particle size using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Mott-schottky measurement is used to determine the semiconductor and carrier concentrations in the film, and an electrochemical device is used to assess the electrodes redox capacity in a polysulfide electrolyte solution. The operability of the rGO-Cu2S cathode at the peak of the current density in the C-V curve was 24 mA/cm2, a 30-fold increase compared to that of the Cu2S electrode. This result shows that the efficiency, Voc, FF, Jsc are 4.92%, 0.525 V, 0.418, and 22.4 mA/cm2, respectively.</text>
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                <text>Le Doan Duy1, Le Thi Ngoc Tu2, Le Tien Dat3</text>
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                <text>Journal homepage: http://telkomnika.uad.ac.id</text>
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                <text>Nov 11, 2023</text>
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                <text>peri irawan</text>
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        <name>Counter electrode Graphene oxide material Reduced graphene oxide</name>
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