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                  <text>VOL. 23, NO.3 2025</text>
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                <text>Recognition and understanding of construction safety signs by final year engineering students</text>
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                <text>Construction site&#13;
Recognition&#13;
Safety sign&#13;
Students&#13;
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                <text>This study assessed the recognition and understanding of construction safety signs among final-year Higher National Diploma, Building Technology (BT) and Electrical/Electronic Engineering (EE) students at a technical university in Ghana. The purpose was to evaluate their awareness of safety signs, addressing gaps in existing research and providing updated data to enhance occupational safety training. A descriptive statistical methodology was employed, utilizing purposive sampling to survey 137 students via structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS v16 and compared against ISO 3864 and ANSI Z5353 standards. Results revealed varying comprehension rates: prohibition signs (61.71%), general warning signs (71.08%), mandatory signs (78.32%), emergency escape signs (81.4%), firefighting signs (86.9%), and chemical labeling signs (77.98%). While mean scores exceeded benchmark thresholds, low response rates for specific signs indicated significant knowledge gaps. The study concludes that unfamiliarity with safety signs persists due to insufficient training and curricular emphasis. Recommendations include revising academic syllabi under Ghana Tertiary Education Commission and National Board for Technical Examinations guidelines to integrate safety education, alongside industry partnerships for practical training during internships. These measures aim to reduce workplace accidents and improve safety compliance among future engineers.</text>
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                <text>Frank Kulor1, Elisha D. Markus2, Michael Wellington Apprey1, Divine Tuinese Novieto3</text>
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                <text>Journal homepage: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/TELKOMNIKA</text>
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        <name>Construction site Recognition Safety sign Students Understanding</name>
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                <text>Enhanced microwave absorption in partition walls using rice husk biomass composites</text>
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                <text>Electromagnetic pollution&#13;
Microwave absorber&#13;
Palm oil fuel ash&#13;
Partition wall&#13;
Rice husk</text>
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                <text>Currently, electromagnetic pollution (EM) has shown adverse complications and resulted in very negative effects on human health. Therefore, developing efficient microwave absorbers to reduce EM is important. This study aims to produce an anti-microwave partition wall using a biomass composite, which is a combination of rice husk and palm oil fuel ash (POFA). The goal of this project is to produce a partition wall that can act as a microwave absorber and create a healthy and safe environment. The anti-microwave radiation partition wall is designed using rice husk, POFA, cement, water, aluminium, and gypsum board. The composition ratios tested were rice husk content (5% and 20%) and POFA content (25%, 35%, and 45%). This mixture is also supplemented with aluminum (0.5% and 3.0%). The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Arch free space method determines the reflectivity performance of anti-microwave partition walls in the frequency range from 1 GHz to 12 GHz. Observation shows that the anti-microwave radiation partition wall for prototype BR5 containing 5% rice husk, 25% POFA, and 0.5% aluminium has the best reflectivity performance.</text>
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                <text>Norhayati Mohamad Noor1, Hasnain Abdullah@Idris1, Mohd Nasir Taib2, Nurin Sabihah Shamshul Bahari2, Linda Mohd Kasim1, Azizah Ahmad1, Nazirah Mohamat Kasim1, Noor Azila Ismail1, Nur Shafikah Rosli1</text>
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                <text>Journal homepage: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/TELKOMNIKA</text>
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        <name>Electromagnetic pollution Microwave absorber Palm oil fuel ash Partition wall Rice husk</name>
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                  <text>VOL. 23, NO.3 2025</text>
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                <text>The use of dolomite to overcome grounding resistance in acidic swamp land</text>
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                <text>Acidic swampland&#13;
Dolomite&#13;
Grounding electrode&#13;
Grounding resistance&#13;
Grounding system</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>This research addresses the effectiveness of grounding systems in acidic swampland, which poses a challenge in protecting people and electrical equipment from the risk of electric shock. The increasing use of swampland for electrical installations necessitates a solution to reduce the high grounding resistance resulting from poor soil resistivity values. This study proposes using dolomite as an admixture to improve soil conductivity and lower grounding resistance. Experimental methods were conducted by embedding rod electrodes of various materials in dolomite-mixed media with varying compositions. The results showed that adding dolomite significantly decreased the grounding resistance, although there were inconsistencies in the test results; on average, the decrease in resistance reached 25%. Galvanized electrodes proved to be the most effective in this system. These findings provide new insights in the field of grounding systems and offer practical solutions that are environmentally friendly and sustainable. This research is expected to be an important reference for developing more innovative and effective grounding system techniques in the future.</text>
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                <text>Dian Eka Putra1, Muhammad Irfan Jambak2, Zainuddin Nawawi</text>
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                <text>Journal homepage: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/TELKOMNIKA</text>
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        <name>Acidic swampland Dolomite Grounding electrode Grounding resistance Grounding system</name>
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                  <text>VOL. 23, NO.3 2025</text>
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                <text>Hybrid methodology for parameter algebraic identification in spatial/time domain for switched reluctance motors</text>
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                <text>Algebraic identification&#13;
Off-line estimation&#13;
On-line estimation&#13;
Parameter identification&#13;
Switched reluctance motor</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The switched reluctance motor (SRM) has attracted attention in recent decades, due to its robustness, low manufacturing cost, and other performance characteristics. Thanks to the accepted and widely used mathematical model of this motor, model-based controllers, whose main foundation is the precise knowledge/identification of the motor parameters, are frequently reported in the literature and required in the industry. This article proposes a parametric identification for switching reluctance motors under an algebraic approach. The identification is based on the unsaturated model of the motor whose electrical parameters depend on the angular position. This work proposes an adaptation of the classic identification method defined in the spatial and temporal domains, due to the angular dependence on the electrical parameters and the temporal dependence on the mechanic parameters. In addition, the proposed identification strategy is simulated and experimentally validated in a DSP-based test bench. Reduced identification times, low error rates, and non-dependence of tuning parameters were obtained.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Carlos Vergara-Ramírez1, John Cortés-Romero2, Horacio Coral-Enriquez3</text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Journal homepage: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/TELKOMNIKA</text>
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                <text>Mar 11, 2025</text>
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        <name>Algebraic identification Off-line estimation On-line estimation Parameter identification Switched reluctance motor</name>
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                  <text>VOL. 23, NO.3 2025</text>
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                <text>Clustering of swamp land types against soil resistivity and grounding resistance</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Comparison resistivity&#13;
Grounding resistance&#13;
Potential of hydrogen&#13;
Soil type resistivity&#13;
Swamp land clustering</text>
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                <text>In theory, the resistivity value of the soil is one of the factors that must be taken into account when planning a grounding installation. The resistivity value of swamp soil is 30 Ωm, as per the general requirements for electrical installation of 2011 (PUIL 2011). This value is identical to the resistivity of the soil type in The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE standard 80 in 2000), where the wet soil type has a resistivity value of 100 Ωm. It is difficult for electrical engineers to design construction on swamp land because the standard's representation of the features of swamp land does not accurately reflect the types of swamps or wetlands that exist in reality. The focus of this investigation is the resistivity value of swamp soil types. The results of this investigation will make a scientific contribution to the clustering of land at each soil resistivity value in freshwater, brackish water, saltwater, and acidic water swamp land. These soils have pH values that range from 3.5 to above 6. The research on swamp land clustering has revealed that each swamp has a distinctive resistivity value for the different types of swamp soil.</text>
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                <text>Wood species identification is a crucial task in various industries, including forestry, woodworking, and conservation. Traditional methods rely on manual expertise, which can be time-consuming and error prone. Hence, an automatic wood species recognition system is developed in this study using deep learning (DL) models. In this study, three deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures, SqueezeNet, GoogLeNet, and ResNet-50 was tailored for wood species classification. The accuracy of the DL models was evaluated in recognizing fifty different wood species. Additionally, the wood species images were altered using JPEG Compression, Gaussian Blur, Salt and Pepper, and Speckle noises to assess the models' performance in identifying the wood species from the distorted images. Results show that the ResNET-50 based wood recognition system is the most accurate model to recognise the wood species. The implications of this research extend to forestry management, quality control in woodworking industries, and the preservation of endangered wood species in conservation efforts.</text>
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                  <text>VOL. 23, NO.3 2025</text>
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                <text>Electroencephalogram&#13;
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                <text>Consumers’ acceptance of a food product hinges on its taste. Culinary practitioners typically conduct organoleptic tests to evaluate a food/beverage’s taste. Organoleptic tests have a subjective nature, making a clear description difficult. In this study, we suggest implementing a brain signal-based electroencephalogram (EEG) taste assessment system to evaluate consumer responses to the tastes of a drink, specifically sour and sweet. The system distinguishes flavors based on EEG data. These classifiers, including recurrent neural network (RNN), long-short term memory (LSTM), and gated recurrent unit (GRU), are utilized for the classification process. Total 35 participants’ EEG data were recorded for this study. Temporal (T3 and T4) and centro parietal (CP1 and CP2) channels are used for recording. EEG signal processing involves filtering, artefact elimination, and band decomposition into delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma frequencies. In the time domain of clean EEG data, mean absolute value, standard deviation, and variance are used for signal feature extraction. Several classifiers (RNN, LSTM, and GRU) will be fed with the signal feature values as input. An accuracy of 88.62% was achieved using LSTM in the classification. The RNN and GRU models achieved classification accuracies of 88.56% and 87.15% respectively.</text>
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                <text>This paper presents the design, construction, and development of a 6-degrees-of-freedom robotic arm, specifically tailored to the conditions at our university. The arm is powered by stepper motors and controlled via a programmable logic controller, while utilizing image processing data from a Raspberry Pi board. The objective of this research is to study automated pick-and-place operations, specifically targeting the handling of fruits such as oranges and apples. The system integrates advanced motion control techniques with vision-based object recognition to enable precise and reliable manipulation of the fruits. The robotic arm is equipped with an end-effector capable of handling objects with varying shapes and sizes, ensuring safe and efficient grasping and placement. Image processing algorithms are employed to identify and localize the fruits in real time, allowing the robotic arm to perform tasks in dynamic environments with minimal human intervention. Calibration, motion planning, and feedback control strategies are optimized to ensure high accuracy and prevent collisions or damage to the fruits. The system’s performance is evaluated through a series of experiments that demonstrate its capability to effectively pick and place oranges and apples, making it a promising solution for applications in agricultural automation and food processing.</text>
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                <text>Ensuring water quality remains a paramount concern to prevent adverse health effects on consumers. Water quality monitoring primarily focuses on water utilities and infrastructure, such as treatment plants and reservoirs. More information is needed on the status of water once it enters the consumption phase, particularly at the point-of-use (POU). Therefore, this study aims to provide a scientific understanding of water quality in response to microbial contaminants in Malaysia’s household water system using the non-invasive benchtop near-infrared (NIR)-Raman spectroscopy approach. This study also provided the effects of seasonal variations and stagnation periods on the quality of water supply, corresponding to microbial contaminants. Findings show that almost 20% of the water samples contained Legionella and Salmonella species through the Raman spectral identification technique. The distinct signature peaks (ranging from 400 cm-1 to 1,800 cm-1) indicative of specific bacterial species are identified. However, benchtop Raman spectroscopy has application constraints in real-time water quality monitoring. Hence, acknowledging its limitation, this study proposed a new internet of things (IoT)-based micro-spectrometer as an alternative to rapid and sustainable POUs water quality assessment. Leveraging IoT protocols enhances the reliability and efficiency of identifying microbiological threats in water supply.</text>
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                  <text>VOL. 23, NO.3 2025</text>
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                <text>Performance optimization of MIMO-NOMA systems in Nakagami-m fading environments</text>
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                <text>Bit error rate&#13;
Ergodic capacity&#13;
Multiple-input multiple-output-non-orthogonal multiple access&#13;
Nakagami-m fading&#13;
Outage probability&#13;
Spectral efficiency&#13;
Successive interference cancellation</text>
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                <text>In this context, the utilization of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technologies is applied to improve wireless communication. This paper is dedicated to the evaluation of the performance in the MIMO-NOMA system under Nakagami-m fading environments, which is a more general scenario for different kinds of fading conditions that occur normally. Our proposed framework is applied to evaluate key performance metrics, including bit error rate (BER), outage probability, spectral efficiency, and ergodic capacity. The results reveal the deep impact of Nakagami-m fading on these key performance metrics, emphasizing an intricate balance between reliability and spectral efficiency that is achieved through power domain multiplexing in conjunction with successive interference cancellation (SIC). Our results are further evidence of the strength and flexibility of MIMO-NOMA, and point to insights and practical guidelines that are new towards the optimization of next-generation wireless networks. This overall analysis not only closes the gap in current literature on the subject but also sets a new benchmark for future research on advanced communication technologies.</text>
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                <text>Rubab Ahmmed, Md. Humayun Kabir, Md. Alomgir Kabir, Kasira-Tut-Tarfi</text>
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                <text>Journal homepage: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/TELKOMNIKA</text>
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                <text>Mar 11, 2025</text>
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        <name>Bit error rate Ergodic capacity Multiple-input multiple-output-non-orthogonal multiple access Nakagami-m fading Outage probability Spectral efficiency Successive interference cancellation</name>
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