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                <text>This study evaluates internet control message protocol (ICMP) flood detection and mitigation in software-defined networks (SDN) using an SDN architecture with sFlow-RT for real-time traffic monitoring. OpenFlow switches and sFlow agents detect malicious patterns, following the prepare, plan, design, implement, operate, optimize (PPDIOO) methodology. Unlike prior approaches, this system leverages SDN programmability and sFlow-RT’s real-time analytics to reduce ICMP packets from 311,130.2 to 99 and latency by 80%, outperforming traditional methods in speed and responsiveness. It ensures network availability, with practical benefits for large-scale networks like internet service providers (ISPs). However, sFlow sampling rates may affect accuracy in high-speed networks, and a single OpenDaylight (ODL) controller limits generalizability. Future work should test alternative controllers and extend to other DDoS types like user datagram protocol (UDP) floods in diverse topologies.</text>
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                <text>Rikie Kartadie1, Adi Kusjani2, Rangga Warsito3, Yudhi Kusnanto3, Lucia Nugraheni Harnaningrum4</text>
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                <text>Journal homepage: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/TELKOMNIKA</text>
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                <text>Advanced technologies&#13;
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                <text>Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease that requires long-term treatment, generally for at least 6 to 9 months. Patients should follow the recommended treatment scheme regularly and completely. Poor adherence to treatment can cause patients to remain a source of infection for others. Patients with TB need additional support during treatment, in terms of information, motivation, and emotional support. Compliance monitoring helps ensure that patients take drugs according to a predetermined schedule. Comprehensive approach review method, careful selection of relevant data from various sources. This aims to provide overview of modern technology used to optimize the success of TB treatment. This paper aims to provide various methods that have existed in conventional and technology-enhanced approaches to monitoring and evaluating the treatment of TB patients. The existing studies only focus on making tools as a reminder to take medication but do not evaluate whether the drug is consumed. In addition, this paper describes prospective ideas involving advanced technology by using the internet of things (IoT)-based smart medicine bottle to accommodate the problem and become an effective communication solution in TB medication.</text>
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                <text>A compact triband patch antenna design at terahertz frequencies</text>
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                <text>The rapid evolution of terahertz (THz) technology has fueled an increasing demand for efficient, compact, and adaptable antennas that can function for a number of frequency bands in the THz spectral regime. This research outlines the analyses and design process of a multiband antenna for THz applications. Initially, an antenna with a single frequency band is created without any slot, with its lower resonant mode functions at a singular frequency of 171 GHz. To achieve multiband functionality, various rectangular slots can be added into the microstrip antenna’s radiating element. The suggested structure is constructed on a polyimide substrate, while its radiating elements are crafted from copper, with a compact size of 1.4×1.1×0.14 mm. It can achieve a reflection coefficient of −30.38 dB, −33.37 dB, and −19.33 dB at 123 GHz, 168 GHz, and 182 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, the antenna yields favorable gains at the respective frequencies, measuring 3.97 dB, 4.34 dB, and 5.66 dB for 0.123, 0.168, and 0.182 THz respectively. Additionally, the antenna demonstrates high efficiencies of 81.5%, 85%, and 91.2%, respectively. Hence, the suggested THz antenna will be useful for surveillance radar (123 GHz), medical imaging (168 GHz), and radio astronomy (182 GHz) applications.</text>
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                <text>Drowsy driving significantly threatens road safety, contributing to many accidents&#13;
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particularly for deployment in Android applications. We propose a lightweight&#13;
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                <text>Nippon Datta1, Tanjim Mahmud2, Manoara Begum3, Mohammad Tarek Aziz1, Dilshad Islam4, Md.&#13;
Faisal Bin Abdul Aziz5, Khudaybergen Kochkarov6, Temur Eshchanov7, Valisher Sapayev Odilbek&#13;
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                <text>This article will report the development of new application of the Sum-Alpha stopping criterion to the case of log – maximum a posterioru Log-MAP turbo decoding. It shows how to adapt Sum-Alphas quantities when using the Log-MAP algorithm and how to deduce a good decision threshold. We apply a logarithm to the quantity Sum-Alpha which is evaluated by the same Jacobian logarithm of the Log-MAP algorithm. We call this new adaptation Jacobian Approximation of Sum-Alpha (JASA) criterion. The simulation results demonstrate that the JASA criterion achieves comparable performance (in terms of bit error rate (BER) and frame error rate (FER)) to the Sum-Alpha and cross-entropy (CE) criteria, with the same average number of iterations.</text>
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                <text>Aissa Ouardi</text>
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                <text>Journal homepage: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/TELKOMNIKA</text>
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                <text>PERI IRAWAN</text>
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        <name>Error correction Iterative decoding Log-MAP algorithm Stopping rule Turbo code</name>
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                  <text>VOL. 23, NO.3 2025</text>
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                <text>Indonesian continuous speech recognition optimization with convolution bidirectional long short-term memory architecture</text>
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                <text>Bidirectional long short-term memory&#13;
Continuous speech&#13;
Convolution bidirectional long short-term memory&#13;
Indonesian speech recognition&#13;
Speech recognition</text>
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                <text>Speech recognition can be defined as converting voice signals into text or lines of words by using algorithms implemented in computer programs. There are several types of speech recognition, including recognition for isolated word speech, continuous speech, spontaneous speech, and conversational speech. Research on continuous speech recognition, especially in Indonesian, has been developed using both stochastic methods such as Hidden Markov model (HMM) and deep learning methods. Currently, deep learning approaches are more widely used in speech recognition applications. This research optimizes Indonesian speech recognition by adding convolution layers to the bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) architecture. The goal of this research is to find the best architecture so that better Indonesian continuous speech recognition results can be obtained. The dataset used in this research was created by the intelligent systems research group in the Department of Informatics at Universitas Diponegoro. All speakers who participated in this dataset came from five ethnic groups in Indonesia, representing the dialects of their respective ethnic groups. The research results show that by adding a convolution layer to the Bi-LSTM architecture, speech recognition performance increases significantly with an average word error rate (WER) reduction of 15.56% compared to using only the Bi-LSTM architecture.</text>
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                <text>Sukmawati Nur Endah, Rismiyati, Priyo Sidik Sasongko, Anwar Petrus F. Naiborhu</text>
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                <text>Journal homepage: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/TELKOMNIKA</text>
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                <text>Mar 11, 2025</text>
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                <text>PERI IRAWAN</text>
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        <name>Bidirectional long short-term memory Continuous speech Convolution bidirectional long short-term memory Indonesian speech recognition Speech recognition</name>
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