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                  <text>VOL. 22, NO.6 2024</text>
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                <text>Cantilever vibration&#13;
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Microelectronic power supply&#13;
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Piezoelectric energy harvester</text>
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                <text>Piezoelectric materials are capable of generating electricity in response to mechanical strain, making them suitable for energy harvesting applications. Piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) are promising alternatives for renewable energy generation, particularly because mechanical strain can be induced in various ways, including utilizing wind flows. This study investigates the performance of a PEH integrated with a laboratory-scale wind-driven micro-windmill. The experiment is carried out by rotating blades of the windmill intermittently; thus, it contacts the PEH, inducing oscillatory motion and generating strain, which finally produces electricity. The configuration angle is varied with 30°, 45°, and 60° to produce variation of power output analyzed in this study. The results demonstrate that a lower configuration angle, specifically 30°, produces the highest voltage near 1.4 V. This is due to the alignment of the applied force with the natural bending direction of the cantilever, resulting in greater induced strain and increased voltage output. Conversely, increasing the configuration angle reduces the effectiveness of force induced to PEH, diminishing strain induction and electrical generation, which only about 1.2 V. The finding of this study can potentially contribute to advance the design and optimization of PEHs for renewable energy applications, particularly in powering microelectronic devices.</text>
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                <text>Adhes Gamayel1, Mohamad Zaenudin1, Djoko Setyo Widodo2</text>
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                <text>Journal homepage: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/TELKOMNIKA</text>
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        <name>Cantilever vibration Configuration angle effect Microelectronic power supply Micro-windmill Piezoelectric energy harvester</name>
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                  <text>VOL. 22, NO.6 2024</text>
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                <text>Impact study on indirect lightning strikes on photovoltaic systems near transmission lines</text>
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                <text>Current density&#13;
Electromagnetic&#13;
Field intensity&#13;
Lightning strike&#13;
Photovoltaic module</text>
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                <text>Grid-integrated photovoltaic (PV) systems are currently undergoing explosive growth in Malaysia. However, as more PV systems are installed close to transmission lines, there are concerns about the impact of electromagnetic (EM) properties affecting the performance and operation of the PV systems if they are exposed to lightning strikes, particularly indirect ones. Therefore, this study aims to model the impact of indirect lightning strikes on PV systems installed in proximity to transmission lines. The model involves developing a 3D model of the PV system together with a sample transmission line and creating an artificial lightning event to study the EM activity within the area. The results are compared to the IEC 61000 standard to determine its level of r\hazard. From the simulation results, it was found that the current intensity, H, of the disturbance, can reach up to 63% more than the standard limit stipulated in the standards. The significance of the study ensures that PV systems installed within the vicinity of power lines or substations have adequate lightning protection systems (LPS) as well as proper earthing systems.</text>
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                <text>Anis Niza Ramani1, Rayyan Che Razali2, Aine Izzati Tarmizi1</text>
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                <text>Journal homepage: http://telkomnika.uad.ac.id</text>
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                  <text>VOL. 22, NO.6 2024</text>
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                <text>Real time Indian sign language recognition using transfer&#13;
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                <text>Normal people’s interaction and communication are easier than those with disabilities&#13;
such as hearing and speech, which are very complicated; hence, the&#13;
use of sign language plays a crucial role in bridging this gap in communication.&#13;
While previous attempts have been made to solve this problem using deep learning&#13;
techniques, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), support vector&#13;
machine (SVM), and K-nearest neighbours (KNN), these have low accuracy or&#13;
may not be employed in real time. This work addresses both issues: improving&#13;
upon prior limitations and extending the challenge of classifying characters in&#13;
Indian sign language (ISL). Our system, which can recognize 23 hand gestures&#13;
of ISL through a purely camera-based approach, eliminates expensive hardware&#13;
like hand gloves, thus making it economical. The system yields an accuracy of&#13;
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                <text>Sumit Kumar1, Ruchi Rani2, Sanjeev Kumar Pippal3, Ulka Chaudhari2</text>
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                  <text>VOL. 22, NO.6 2024</text>
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                <text>An integration of quantum systems using BB84 for enhanced security in aeroponic smart farming</text>
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                <text>Aeroponic&#13;
Quantum BB84&#13;
Quantum measurement&#13;
Quantum security&#13;
Smart farming</text>
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                <text>Modern aeroponic systems leverage internet of things (IoT) technology for automated control of climate, lighting, and nutrient delivery, rendering them susceptible to unauthorized access and network attacks. Such disruptions can lead to financial losses and impair agricultural productivity by altering essential growth conditions. To mitigate these risks, robust security measures including encryption and firewalls are essential, alongside continuous monitoring and updates to combat evolving threats. Addressing cyber threats in urban aeroponic systems, implementing quantum encryption emerges as a promising solution. Quantum key distribution (QKD) ensures highly secure encryption keys using quantum states that change upon eavesdropping, thereby thwarting intrusion attempts effectively. Integrating quantum encryption in aeroponic control systems safeguards data integrity and operational continuity against cyber threats, bolstering urban agriculture resilience. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of quantum BB84 protocol integrated with application programming interface (API) for Eve’s security. Quantum bit error rate (QBER) measurements revealed minimal interference (0.015) for Alice and Bob, contrasting with higher initial QBER (up to 1.0) for Eve, indicative of intrusion attempts. Histogram analysis further underscored quantum security’s effectiveness in identifying and mitigating breaches. For future research, enhancing quantum encryption protocols and integrating advanced detection mechanisms will be essential.</text>
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                <text>Christy Atika Sari, Purwanto, Eko Hari Rachmawanto, Abdul Syukur</text>
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                <text>Journal homepage: http://telkomnika.uad.ac.id</text>
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        <name>Aeroponic Quantum BB84 Quantum measurement Quantum security Smart farming</name>
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                <text>Efficiency&#13;
Gain&#13;
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                <text>This paper investigates the effectiveness of traditional machine learning techniques, namely linear regression and random forest (RF), in enhancing the detection of money laundering (ML) activities within financial systems. As ML schemes evolve in complexity, traditional rule-based methods struggle with high false favorable rates and a lack of adaptability, prompting the need for more sophisticated analytical approaches. In contrast to the complexities of deep learning models, this study explores the potential of these more accessible machine learning methods in identifying and analyzing suspicious transactional patterns. We apply linear regression and RF models to transactional data to detect anomalous activities that could indicate ML. Our research thoroughly compares these models based on key performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, and recall. The findings suggest that while less complex than deep learning frameworks, linear regression, and RF models offer substantial benefits. They provide a more streamlined, interpretable, and efficient alternative to conventional rule-based systems in the context of ML detection. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the application of machine learning in financial crime detection, demonstrating the practicality and effectiveness of these methods in a critical area of financial security.</text>
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                <text>Bakhytzhan Akhmetov1,4, Valery Lakhno1, Nurzhamal Oshanova2, Volodimir Malyukov1, Zhuldyz Alimseitova3,4, Aliza Turgynbayeva4,5, Inna Malyukova1, Miroslav Lakhno1</text>
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                <text>Image encryption is a critical process aimed at securing digital images, safeguarding them from unauthorized access, tampering, or viewing to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive visual information. In this research, we integrate polynomial Chebyshev, fractal Tromino, and substitution S-box methods into a comprehensive image encryption approach. Our evaluation focuses on standardized 256×256-pixel images of Lena, Peppers, and Baboon, assessing key performance metrics like mean squared error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), unified average changing intensity (UACI), number of pixel changes rate (NPCR), and entropy. The results reveal varying encryption quality across images, with Lena exhibiting the highest MSE (4702) and the lowest PSNR (12.89 dB). However, UACI, NPCR, and entropy values remain consistent across all images, indicating the proposed method’s stability concerning changing intensity, pixel alterations, and entropy levels. These findings contribute valuable insights into the effectiveness of the proposed encryption method, providing a foundation for further exploration and optimization in the field of cryptographic research. For future research direction, it is recommended to explore the impact of varying image sizes and types on the proposed method’s performance. Additionally, by focusing on the area of cryptographic threats, further analysis of the algorithm’s resistance against advanced attacks and its computational efficiency would be beneficial.</text>
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                <text>Elkaf Rahmawan Pramudya1,2, Moch Arief Soeleman1,2, Cahaya Jatmoko1,2, Eko Hari Rachmawanto1,2, Aris Marjuni1,2, Pulung Nurtantio Andono1,2, Folasade Olubusola Isinkaye3</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
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                <elementText elementTextId="110554">
                  <text>VOL. 22, NO.6 2024</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>An image encryption based on Fibonacci sequence and fusion of advanced encryption standard-least significant bit method</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="110740">
                <text>Advanced encryption standard&#13;
Cryptography&#13;
Fibonacci&#13;
Image encryption&#13;
Least significant bit</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="110741">
                <text>Image encryption is a vital field ensuring the secure transmission of digital images. In this study, encryption is the core process, employing complex mathematical algorithms and cryptographic keys to transform the original image into a secure format, shielding visual data from unauthorized access during transmission. To enhance security, the research integrates Fibonacci and advanced encryption standard (AES)–least significant bit (LSB) methodologies for a complex key generation system. This mechanism introduces intricate transformations within the image data, creating patterns challenging for potential attackers to decipher. Evaluation of the algorithm’s performance reveals efficiency in terms of mean squared error (MSE) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). The RGB cover image achieves the lowest MSE of 0.0001 and the highest PSNR values ranging from 44.31 to 49.27. Integration of the Fibonacci sequence notably improves visual quality, enhancing both MSE and PSNR metrics. Unified average changing intensity (UACI) and normalized pixel change rate (NPCR) assessments consistently show the effectiveness of the algorithm, with the RGB cover image presenting the highest UACI and NPCR values. Future research directions involve exploring advanced encryption algorithms, optimizing techniques for high-dimensional datasets, and addressing ethical implications in image encryption, contributing to the development of adaptable and secure solutions.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="110742">
                <text>Purwanto1, Aris Marjuni1, Erna Zuni Astuti1, Christy Atika Sari1, Nova Rijati1, Pulung Nurtantio Andono1, Md Kamruzzaman Sarker2</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="110743">
                <text>Journal homepage: http://telkomnika.uad.ac.id</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="110744">
                <text>Aug 30, 2024</text>
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          <element elementId="37">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="110745">
                <text>PERI IRAWAN</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="110746">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="110747">
                <text>ENGLISH</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="110748">
                <text>TEXT</text>
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    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="13273">
        <name>Advanced encryption standard Cryptography Fibonacci Image encryption Least significant bit</name>
      </tag>
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  </item>
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