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                <text>In today’s competitive business environment, data-driven marketing strategies are essential for successful campaign outcomes. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of marketing campaign data, emphasizing its role in enhancing customer engagement, improving decision-making, and increasing conversion rates. It explores the complexity of campaign dynamics and consumer behavior, demonstrating how business intelligence and data visualization techniques support informed marketing decisions and actionable insights. Advanced data science methods such as data cleaning, feature engineering, and cross-validation enhance predictive accuracy and campaign optimization. Visualization plays a central role in transforming raw data into interpretable insights, enabling businesses to identify trends in customer preferences and purchasing behavior. Key findings reveal that customers aged 51–70, particularly those with higher education and income levels, show the greatest purchasing power, especially for wine and meat products. These insights help align marketing strategies with data-driven understanding to design personalized campaigns that resonate with target audiences. By combining analytical methods with effective visualization, businesses can develop impactful campaigns that drive engagement, boost conversions, and foster revenue growth. The study concludes with directions for future research, including real-time data processing and automated decision-making systems to ensure continuous improvement in digital marketing strategies.</text>
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                <text>Pathogens are organisms that cause disease in plants. In the case of rice, these pathogens can include fungi, bacteria, nematodes, protozoa, and viruses. This study aims to investigate rice plant diseases using a hybrid system that employs the visual geometry group-16 (VGG-16) architecture and computer vision techniques, alongside various optimization algorithms and hyperparameters. We utilize the convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture of VGG-16 for feature extraction, implementing a process known as transfer learning. Additionally, this research compares different optimization algorithms with the VGG-16 model to identify the most effective optimization for the CNN architecture applied to the tested dataset. The main contribution of this study is the development of a model for identifying rice plant diseases based on data collected using VGG-16 for feature extraction and neural networks for classification with specific parameters. Our findings indicate that the best optimization algorithm is stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with momentum, achieving training and validation loss results of 0.173 and 0.168, respectively. Furthermore, the training and validation accuracies were 0.95 and 0.957. The model’s performance metrics include an accuracy of 95.75, precision of 95.75, recall of 95.75, and an F1-score of 95.73.</text>
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                <text>Rice cultivation monitoring is crucial for Indonesia, where paddy field areas declined&#13;
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changes and shifting crop preferences. Regular monitoring of paddy field&#13;
distribution is essential for understanding agricultural land utilization by farmers&#13;
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                <text>This research aims to increase the effectiveness in classifying shallot cultivation areas through the combined application of principal component analysis (PCA) and k-nearest neighbors (KNN) methods. Shallot is an important agricultural commodity, and identification of optimal areas for its cultivation is essential to support food self-sufficiency. Onion cultivation is generally done in the highlands. One of the areas with shallot cultivation in North Sumatra Province is Berastagi, Karo Regency. This research was conducted by determining the spatial extent of upland land. In the use of data there are 2 types of data that will be used: land suitability dataset and land condition dataset for each region. The PCA method is utilized to simplify the data structure by reducing the number of dimensions and removing insignificant attributes, while KNN was used to classify regions based on their suitability for shallot cultivation. This research produces a classification map that can be used to identify the most optimal areas for shallot cultivation. The test results with the regional spatial dataset using precision, recall and fi-score testing accuracy value 0.92%, and macro avg value 0.94%, weighted avg value 0.93%.</text>
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                <text>The design of fractional order circuits in very large-scale integration (VLSI)&#13;
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of fractional circuits using the current mode devices is attracting the research&#13;
community. In this paper, several possible fractional order sinusoidal oscillators&#13;
using operational trans resistance amplifier (OTRA) as a basic building block is&#13;
presented. The necessary condition for the frequency of oscillation and condition&#13;
for oscillations is derived. Fractional order operator sα is the most crucial&#13;
one to be approximated. In this paper, the fractional order element is approximated&#13;
by the continued fraction expansion (CFE). The approximation is carried&#13;
out up to fifth order. The circuits are tested with the simulation software named&#13;
LTspice. The results agree with the theoretical one. The proposed circuits offers&#13;
a frequency of 15 MHz, 20 MHz, and 25 MHz which is higher in value as&#13;
compared to the existing circuits. The proposed circuits finds applications in bio&#13;
medical, communication circuits.</text>
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Hyperledger fabric&#13;
InterPlanetary file system&#13;
Road safety&#13;
Vehicle inspection</text>
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                <text>Cleverence Kombe1, Robert Sikumbili2, Leticia Mihayo2, Angela-Aida Runyoro2&#13;
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                <text>The effectiveness of bentonite in reducing soil resistance in acidic water swampland</text>
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                <text>Acidic swamp land&#13;
Bentonite&#13;
Grounding electrode&#13;
Grounding resistance&#13;
Mixture effectiveness&#13;
Potential hydrogen</text>
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                <text>This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of bentonite mixtures in reducing grounding resistance in acidic swampy areas. The method used is an experiment comparing resistance before and after the addition of bentonite in various compositions (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), supplemented with linear regression analysis. The results showed that bentonite significantly reduced soil resistance in three types of electrodes: iron rebar, copper-coated iron, and galvanised iron. The highest reduction in resistance was achieved in iron rebar electrodes, from 35.93 Ω to 22.46 Ω (a 37% reduction) with the addition of 25% bentonite. Linear regression analysis showed a consistent negative relationship between the percentage of bentonite and grounding resistance, with a coefficient of determination (R²) varying between 26.40% and 73.39%. These findings indicate that bentonite is effective as a natural grounding material in acidic swampy areas. This research makes an important contribution to the development of more efficient and safer electrical systems in swampy areas and challenging environments, while also supporting the use of natural materials to reduce dependence on synthetic chemicals.</text>
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                <text>Dian Eka Putra1, Muhammad Irfan Jambak2, Zainuddin Nawawi2</text>
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                <text>Electric powered wheelchair&#13;
Integrator backstepping control&#13;
Optimization&#13;
Particle swarm optimization&#13;
Permanent magnet synchronous motors</text>
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                <text>Most people suffering from temporary or permanent disabilities rely on wheelchairs or electric powered wheelchairs (EPW) to maintain autonomy of movement. To address different EPW control challenges, several studies have investigated this kind of robot. This paper focuses on the optimization of the integrator backstepping control parameters of the EPW. The system operates using two permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM), noted for their great efficiency, substantial torque, minimal noise, and robustness. At first, the dynamic model for both EPW-motors is showned. After that, a nonlinear integrator backstepping command based on Lyapunov’s second technique, which combines the choice of the energy function with the control laws, was applied to the resulting global model. To ensure optimal performance, the control parameters were tuned by means of an optimization approach. Specifically, the particle swarm optimization technique (PSO) was employed to search for the optimal parameters (gains) of the integrator backstepping controller. In order to assess the performance of the optimized backstepping–based control approach, numerical simulations were conducted to illustrate the evolution of both electrical and mechanical velocity- related variables.</text>
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                <text>Djamila Boubekeur1,2, Khayreddine Saidi3,4, Mohammed Messirdi3, Abdelmadjid Boumédiène3</text>
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                <text>Artificial neural networks&#13;
Emission prediction&#13;
Gaussian process regression&#13;
Hybrid electric vehicles&#13;
Prediction uncertainty&#13;
Vehicle emissions</text>
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                <text>In recent years, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have emerged as a promising solution to mitigate vehicular emissions and improve fuel efficiency. This study focuses on the Toyota Prius HEV, employing advanced artificial neural networks (ANN) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) to develop a predictive model for vehicle emissions. The model considers multiple pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx), measured under diverse driving conditions. The ANN model predicts emission trends, while GPR estimates prediction uncertainty, enhancing the model’s robustness. The GPR models achieved uncertainty levels of ±0.829 ppm for CO, ±9.978 ppm for HC, ±0.144 ppm for NOx, and ±411.256 ppm for CO₂, respectively, underscoring the robustness of the integrated approach for emission prediction. This research aims to support the development of more sustainable vehicle technologies and inform policy making for environmental sustainability (e.g., Euro 6/Euro 7 standards). Overall, the study addresses how artificial intelligence (AI) can be utilized to achieve accurate multi-pollutant emission predictions in HEVs. The findings reveal that an integrated ANN-GPR approach yields superior predictive performance (R² values approaching 1.0) with quantifiable uncertainty, outperforming a stand-alone ANN model and providing a robust solution to the emission prediction challenge.</text>
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                <text>Heru Priyanto1, Rizqon Fajar1, Yaaro Telaumbanua1, Ariyanto1, Mohammad Mukhlas Af1, Sigit Tri Atmaja1, Muhammad Samsul Maarif1,2, Kurnia Fajar Adhi Sukra1,2, Fauzi Dwi Setiawan1</text>
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                <text>Journal homepage: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/TELKOMNIKA</text>
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                  <text>VOL. 23, NO.6 2025</text>
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                <text>Watermarking on spread multi-frame data video using discrete wavelet transform hybrid and frame ratio message variance</text>
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                <text>Discrete wavelet transform&#13;
Frame ratio&#13;
Spread multi-frame&#13;
Video&#13;
Watermarking</text>
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                <text>The exponential growth of video sharing demands secure and imperceptible watermarking methods. This study presents a video watermarking framework using discrete wavelet transform (DWT) with hybrid sub-band embedding and multi-frame allocation to balance imperceptibility, capacity, and robustness. Watermark bits are adaptively distributed across low-low (LL), low-high (LH), and high-low (HL) sub-bands of selected frames, with uncompressed audio video interleave (AVI) ensuring coefficient integrity. Experiments on 640×360 videos show LL-only embedding achieves high imperceptibility (peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) &gt; 38.6 dB, structural similarity index measure (SSIM) ≥ 0.9945, and bit error rate (BER) = 0), while LL-dominant hybrids increase capacity with slight robustness trade-offs. Embedding in LH and high-high (HH) sub-bands raises distortion vulnerability. Under cropping, BER rises from 0.005 to 0.205 (0–50%), and normalized correlation (NC) drops from 0.998 to 0.802, remaining acceptable for ≤30% cropping. The scheme resists joint photographic experts’ group (JPEG) compression quality factor 20–80 (Q20–Q80), resizing (≥70%), and mild Gaussian blur (3×3), maintaining efficient decoding under higher payloads. Future work may apply error-correction coding and redundancy-aware embedding for improved resilience. Overall, the proposed method offers a secure, adaptive, and efficient solution for video authentication and covert communication.</text>
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                <text>Ilham Firman Ashari, Sarwono Sutikno</text>
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                <text>Journal homepage: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/TELKOMNIKA</text>
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