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                <text>A Comparative Evaluation of YOLOv9 and DETR Models in Traffic Object Detection for Intelligent Surveillance Systems</text>
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                <text>intelligent systems; DETR; object detection; YOLOv9; traffic surveillance</text>
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                <text>Object detection plays a crucial role in traffic surveillance, particularly in urban environments characterized by high vehicle density, diverse weather conditions, and limited computational resources. Although YOLOv9 and DETR have demonstrated strong  performance  in  general  object  detection  tasks,  there  is  a  lack  of  comparative  research  evaluating  their  effectiveness  under specific challenges of traffic surveillance. These challenges include the need for real-time processing, accurate detection of  small  or  partially  occluded  objects,  and  adaptability  to  complex  traffic  scenarios.  This  study  addresses  this  gap  by  conducting  a  comparative  evaluation  of  YOLOv9  and  DETR  using  a  custom  traffic  image  dataset,  with  training  iterations  varied  from  10  to  50  epochs  to  observe  performance  development.  Evaluation  metrics  included  mean  average  precision,  precision, recall, F1-score, inference time, and object count per image. The results indicated that DETR achieved the highest accuracy across all metrics at the final training stage and detected up to 22 objects per image. However, the average inference time  exceeded  seven  seconds  per  image,  limiting  the  real-time  applicability.  Conversely,  YOLOv9  achieved  competitive  accuracy with a significantly faster inference time of approximately 0.43 seconds per image. These findings provide practical insights into the trade-off between accuracy and processing efficiency, and offer guidance for model selection in operational traffic surveillance systems</text>
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                <text>Mohamad Jamil1, Nani Nagu, Muhammad Said</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6556/1169</text>
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                <text>Department of Informatics Engineering, Universitas Khairun, Ternate, Maluku Utara, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>Department of Informatics Engineering, Universitas Khairun, Ternate, Maluku Utara, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                  <text>Vol 9 No 5 (2025)</text>
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                <text>Early Detection of Grasserie Disease in Silkworms Using Computer Vision and Machine Learning</text>
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                <text> grasserie; histogram oriented gradient; machine learning; sericulture; silkworm</text>
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                <text>One of the major challenges associated with the sericulture industry is silkworm diseases, as they are very difficult to detect in the early stages.  Timely  identification  of  infected  silkworms  is  essential  to  curb  the  spread  of  disease  and  reduce  economic  damage.  This  study  focuses  on  diagnosing  Grasserie  disease,  a  highly  contagious  condition  that  can  devastate  silkworm  populations, leading to substantial financial losses for farmers. To address the shortcomings of expert manual inspections, this study employed camera-captured images of silkworms for automated disease detection. A newly compiled dataset, consisting of 668 healthy silkworms and 574 infected with Grasserie disease are used for this study. The dataset is analyzed with machine learning techniques for image analysis, features are extracted from the pre-processed images using combining Histogram of Oriented  Gradients  (HOG)  and  the  higher  dimensional  features  are  reduced  with  Kernel  Principal  Component  Analysis  (KPCA), and classification using supervised models. The results highlight the effectiveness of this approach in differentiating healthy  silkworms  from  diseased  ones.  The  machine  learning  model  HOG  integrated  with  KPCA  and  Decision  Trees  (DT)  achieved strong performance, with accuracy, recall, and precision scores of 94.28%, 94.56%, and 92.48%, respectively. While these  outcomes  are  encouraging,  further  research  is  needed  to  develop  a  practical  IoT-based  tool  that  enables  sericulture  farmers to quickly detect infections and take preventive measures, minimizing unexpected losses. This study marks a crucial advancement  in  silkworm  disease  detection,  offering  a  pathway  toward  greater  sustainability  and  economic  stability  in  the  sericulture sector</text>
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                <text>Sania Thomas1, Binson V A2*, Sini Rahuman3, Sivakumar K S4</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6705/1166</text>
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                <text>Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Saintgits College of Engineering, Kerala, India</text>
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                <text>October 27, 2025</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                  <text>Vol 9 No 5 (2025)</text>
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                <text>Modeling and Deploying RESTful Services with SOMF-Based SOA:  A Case Study in the Credit Guarantee Industry</text>
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                <text> credit  guarantee  system;  RESTful  web  services;    service-oriented  architecture;  service-oriented  modeling  framework; system integration</text>
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                <text>The  integration  of  electronic  systems  across  financial  institutions  poses  significant  challenges,  particularly  when  legacy  architectures rely on siloed, point-to-point connections. This often leads to what is commonly known as "spaghetti integration," where changes in one system can trigger unintended disruptions in others. This study addresses such integration issues within the  Kredit  Usaha  Rakyat  (KUR)  credit  guarantee  service  of  an  Indonesian  credit  guarantee  institution  by  implementing  a  Service-Oriented  Architecture  (SOA)  approach,  guided  by  the  Service-Oriented  Modeling  Framework  (SOMF).  This  study  aims to improve system performance, scalability, and regulatory adaptability through a structured, multi-phase methodology based  on  SOMF:  conceptualization,  discovery  and  analysis,  business  integration,  logical  design,  and  logical  architecture.  Data  for  the  study  were  drawn  from  system  documentation,  national  regulatory  requirements  (e.g.,  Coordinating  Minister  Regulation No. 1/2023), and the evaluation of service interactions via RESTful APIs using lightweight JSON formatting. These findings demonstrate that the adoption of SOA with SOMF enables the development of modular, interoperable, and adaptable services. This approach reduces redundant processes, enhances real-time data flow, and strengthens integration between the guarantee  institution  and  its  partner  banks.  The  resulting  system  aligns  with  modern  digital  governance  requirements  and  provides a sustainable foundation for future growth and compliance.</text>
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                <text>Amrid Ramdhani1,  Nilo Legowo2</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6867/1162</text>
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                <text>Information Systems Management Department, Binus Graduate Program -  Master of Information Systems Management, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                <text>Empowering Low-Resource Languages: Javanese Machine Translation</text>
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                <text>javanese translation; NMT; linguistic heritage; low-resource language</text>
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                <text>his  study  addresses  the  critical  need  to  preserve  and  revitalize  the  Javanese  language,  which  despite  its  widespread popularity,  faces  challenges  as  a  low-resource  language  in  Indonesia.  The  decline  in  Javanese  proficiency  among  younger generations  poses  a  significant  threat  to  the  language's  cultural  significance  and  heritage.  To  address  this  issue,  this  study introduces  an  innovative  approach  to  machine  translation,  focusing  on  the  development  of  a  robust  Indonesian-Javanese translation  system.  Utilizing  advanced  neural  machine  translation  (NMT)  techniques,  including  Long  Short-Term  Memory (LSTM) networks, the proposed system aims to bridge the linguistic gap between Indonesian and Javanese. Special attention was given to the unique linguistic characteristics and challenges of Javanese, with the goal of achieving exceptional translation accuracy and fluency. Through extensive experimentation and evaluation, this study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the  translation  system  in  facilitating  cross-cultural  communication  and  language  preservation  efforts  within  the  Javanese-speaking community. By emphasizing the significance of Javanese as a widely spoken yet under-resourced language, this study underscores  the  importance  of  innovative  technological  solutions  in  safeguarding  linguistic  diversity  and  cultural  heritage. Through  its  contributions,  the  research  seeks  to  address  the  pressing  need  for  language  preservation  and  revitalization, particularly in the context of low-resource languages like Javanese</text>
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                <text>Danang Arbian Sulistyo1, Aji Prasetya Wibawa2, Wayan Firdaus Mahmudy3, Fadhli Almu’iini Ahda4, Andrew Nafalsk</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6887/1163</text>
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                <text>nformation Technology, Technology and Design Faculty, Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Asia, Malang, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>user stories; INVEST framework; practitioners;  ChatGPT; quality evaluation</text>
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                <text>valuating  the  quality  of  student-generated  user  stories  is  important  in  software  engineering  education,  but  only  a  limited  number of industry practitioners can assist. The integration of generative AI can facilitate this process. To do so, the INVEST quality evaluation framework is widely recognized for assessing user story quality; however, prior research has not explored its use in conjunction with generative AI. This study investigated ChatGPT's ability to evaluate user stories using the INVEST framework. This study compares two ChatGPT-based evaluation approaches with those of experienced practitioners, focusing on student-generated user stories. Discrepancies between ChatGPT and practitioner evaluations were measured using Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). Statistical significance was tested  using  the  Mann-Whitney  U  Test.  The  results  indicate  that  ChatGPT’s  1st  approach  yielded  lower  discrepancies  than  practitioner evaluations. Moreover, significance testing showed no statistically significant differences between the ChatGPT and practitioner results for the two INVEST criteria- Independent and Estimable. These findings suggest that the 1st approach can assist in the evaluation process, although practitioners must ensure comprehensive and accurate evaluations. ChatGPT can  provide  preliminary  evaluations  in  educational  contexts,  enabling  students  to  receive  formative  feedback  and  allowing  educators  to  streamline  evaluation  processes.  Although  practitioner  validation  is  still  required,  their  role  may  shift  toward  verifying AI-generated results, thus reducing the overall workload and accelerating quality evaluation</text>
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                <text>Muhammad Ihsan Zul1*,  Suhaila Mohd. Yasin2,  Dadang Syarif Sihabudin Sahid</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6950/1154</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="113075">
                <text>Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                  <text>Vol 9 No 5 (2025)</text>
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                <text>IoT-Based Smart Infusion Monitoring and Control System Using ESP32</text>
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                <text>automatic control; ESP32; infusion fluids; internet of things; monitoring system</text>
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                <text>Infusion  is  a  common  medical  procedure  used  to  treat  conditions  such  as  gastric  acid  and  typhoid,  where  precise  fluid  administration is critical. This study presents the development of an IoT-based smart infusion monitoring and control system using an ESP32 microcontroller, designed to automatically monitor infusion volume and regulate drip rate in real-time. The system integrates a load cell sensor to measure infusion fluid weight, a photodiode sensor to detect drip rate, and a servo motor to adjust the flow rate adaptively. It features web-based monitoring, buzzer alerts, and an LCD display for local feedback. The system was tested in a clinical simulation with an infusion requirement of 1500 mL per 24 hours and various drip factors (15,20,  and  60  drops/mL).  The  infusion  volume  status  is  automatically  categorized  into  three  levels:  FULL  (&gt;350  mL),  HALF  (150–350  mL),  and  WARNING  (&lt;150  mL).  Based  on  10  test  scenarios,  the  system  accurately  classified  volume  levels  and  triggered warnings when volume dropped below 150 mL. For example, in Test-08 to Test-10, volumes of 139.67 mL, 87.34 mL, and 40.53 mL were correctly detected as “WARNING” with buzzer alerts activated. The load cell sensor achieved excellent accuracy,  with  an  error  margin  between  0.02%  and  0.06%,  while  the  system  maintained  drip-rate  stability  within  a  ±5%  tolerance range. It also dynamically adjusted the servo angle to correct under-  or over-drip conditions. These results confirm that the system delivers accurate, automated, and responsive infusion control, making it suitable for healthcare settings with limited staff to improve safety and efficiency.</text>
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                <text>Frengki Simatupang1, Istas Pratomo Manalu2, Ana Muliyana3, Paian Manalu4, Erna Meliana Manurung5, Batara Hasintongan Nadapdap</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="113063">
                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6632/1151</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="113064">
                <text>Department of Computer Technology, Faculty of Vocational, Institut Teknologi Del, Toba, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                  <text>Vol 9 No 5 (2025)</text>
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                <text>Explainable Ensemble Learning for Maternal Health Risk in Low-Resource Settings</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>ensemble learning; explainable AI; maternal health; risk prediction; SHAP Analysis</text>
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                <text>Maternal health remains a global challenge, particularly in low-resource settings where accurate and timely risk prediction is essential  to  reducing  maternal  mortality.  This  study  proposes  an  explainable  machine  learning  framework  for  predicting  maternal   health   risks   by   integrating   ensemble   learning   methods   with   SHAP   (Shapley   Additive   exPlanations)   for   interpretability. This study utilized the publicly available Maternal Health Risk Data Set (MHRDS), comprising physiological features such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood sugar level, body temperature, and age. A total of 18 machine learning models including Random Forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, Neural Networks, and TabNet were evaluated to compare individual classifiers and ensemble approaches comprehensively. The selection of this diverse set of models is grounded in the need  to  benchmark  different  algorithmic  paradigms,  as  variations  in  inductive  bias,  learning  capacity,  and  robustness  to  clinical  data  noise  can  influence  predictive  performance  and  generalizability.  This  comprehensive  comparison  enables  the  identification  of  optimal  model  types  for  integration  into  ensemble  frameworks.  Evaluation  was  performed  across  three  different test scenarios (test sizes of 10%, 20%, and 30%) to assess model consistency under varying data partitions. Stacking, Voting, and Histogram-based Gradient Boosting showed consistently high performance, with Stacking achieving the highest accuracy  of  87.2%,  followed  by  Histogram  Gradient  Boosting  (86.9%)  and  Voting  (86.7%)  at  test  size  0.2.  SHAP  analysis  identified  blood  sugar,  systolic  blood  pressure,  and  maternal  age  as  the  top  predictors  across  all  test  scenarios.  The  best-performing models were deployed into a web-based clinical decision support system designed for healthcare practitioners in Indonesia.  The  proposed  approach  balances  predictive  accuracy  and  model  transparency,  offering  a  practical  solution  for  improving maternal care in data-limited environments</text>
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                <text>Lilik Widyawati1, Neny Sulistianingsih2*</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6765/1150</text>
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                <text>Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Bumigora, Mataram, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Bumigora, Mataram, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                  <text>Vol 9 No 5 (2025)</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>A Data-Driven Comparison of Linear Mixed Model and Mixed Effects Regression Tree Approaches for Dairy Productivity Analysis</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>hierarchical data; indonesian dairy cow milk productivity survey 2024; linear mixed model (LMM); mixed effects regression tree (MERT); SDGs: goal 2 and 3</text>
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                <text>Dairy  productivity  studies  often  involve  hierarchical  and  longitudinal  data  structures  that  violate  the  assumptions  of  linearregression. This study compares two modeling approaches, Linear Mixed Model (LMM) and Mixed Effects Regression Tree (MERT), in predicting dairy productivity based on the 2024 National Dairy Productivity Survey data. Predictive performance was  evaluated  using  MSEP,  RMSEP,  MAD,  and  MAPE,  with  MERT  consistently  outperforming  LMM  in  accuracy  and  robustness.  Permutational  Multivariate  Analysis  of  Variance  (PERMANOVA)  test  results  reinforced  this  finding,  yielding  a  pseudo-F  value  of  224.7  and  a  p-value  of  0.001,  indicating  statistically  significant  differences  in  model  performance.  Key  predictors of MERT model included farm altitude, the previous week’s milk production, and the amounts of concentrate feed given,  which  are  part  of  significant  predictor  variables  in  LMM.  This  finding  underscores  MERT’s  superiority  in  modeling  complex agricultural datasets while providing interpretable insights through data-driven segmentation. The study advocates policy focus in sustainable milk production as well as the availability of high quality of feed and altitude-based dairy farms location to improve milk productivity. Should these focuses implemented by the industry, combined with the MBG Program, Indonesia would be progressing better towards achievement of SDGs Goal 2 and 3.</text>
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                <text>Achmad Fauzan1,2,  Fatkhurokhman Fauzi3,4, Rhendy K P Widiyanto5,6Khairil Anwar Notodiputro7, Bagus Sartono8</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6751/1144</text>
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                <text>Study Program of Statistics and Data Science, School of Data Science, Mathematics and InformaticsIPB University, Bogor, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>October13, 2025</text>
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                  <text>Vol 9 No 5 (2025)</text>
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                <text>Automated Ripeness Detection of Oil Palm Fruit  Using a Hybrid GLCM-HSV-KNN Model</text>
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                <text>HSV: GLCM; KNN; image processing; oil palm fruit ripeness</text>
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                <text>Accurately determining the ripeness of oil palm fruit is crucial for ensuring the quality of palm oil. However, traditional manual methods  are  often  time-consuming  and  less  accurate.  This  study  aimed  to  develop  an  automated  system  for  detecting  the  ripeness of oil palm fruit by combining the Hue Saturation Value (HSV) model, Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithms. This system utilizes K-Nearest Neighbors to classify the relationship between color features  extracted  using  the  HSV  model  and  texture  features  derived  from  GLCM  analysis  to  categorize  fruit  ripeness.  The  color  features  represent  the  fruit's  chromatic  characteristics  associated  with  ripeness,  while  the  texture  features  provide  information  regarding  surface  patterns  related  to  ripeness.  The  color  features  represent  the  fruit's  color  characteristics  associated with ripeness, whereas the texture features provide information about the surface patterns related to ripeness. The results indicate that the system can classify oil palm fruit into four distinct categories: Over-Ripe, Ripe, Half-Ripe, and Raw. The dataset was divided with an 80:20 ratio, where 80% was allocated for training data and the remaining 20% for test data. An accuracy rate of 85% was achieved. The results of this study demonstrate that the developed system effectively classifies oil palm fruit images based on ripeness levels. This system supports a sustainable automated palm oil production model through accurate ripeness detection, thereby reducing reliance on manual methods and enhancing consistency and productivity in palm oil  processing.  These  findings  indicate  that  the  proposed  hybrid  method  is  feasible  for  integration  into  an  automated  classification system to support decision-making in oil palm harvesting. </text>
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                <text>Mirfan1,  Billy Eden William Asrul2, Mila Jumarlis3, Juliani4</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6683/1143</text>
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                <text>Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Handayani Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia</text>
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                <text> October 12, 2025</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                  <text>Vol 9 No 5 (2025)</text>
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                <text>Evaluating the Accuracy of a Hybrid Neural Model with RBF-Polynomial Kernel for Rainfall Prediction: A Comparative Analysis of Trainlm  and Trainrp Functions</text>
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                <text> backpropagation; neural network; RBF-polynomial; relevance vector machine; rainfall</text>
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                <text>Accurate rainfall prediction is crucial for effective water management and disaster mitigation. This study introduces a novelhybrid neural model that employs a fourth-degree polynomial kernel and provides the first empirical comparison of the trainlm and trainrp functions to enhance forecasting accuracy. This study explored the application of a neural network algorithm with RBF-Polynomial (degree 4) kernel for training and testing data in rainfall forecasting. This study focused on monthly rainfall data collected from Mataram City, Indonesia. We developed a hybrid BP-RVM algorithm as the main algorithm that offers a predictive  approach  to  compare  the  trainlm  and  trainrp  functions.  We  conducted  20  trials  with  combinations  of  learning,  momentum, and gamma-RBF at internal values of 0.01-0.9. The training results from trainrp with more than 118 iterations yielded the best performance with learning rate 0.8 and momentum 0.2; MSE value of 2,236.25 and RMSE of 47.29. These results indicate a relatively low error rate for the proposed method. In contrast, the trainlm method, which only requires 18 iterations with a learning rate of 0.6 and momentum of 0.4, produces an MSE of 2,689.25 and RMSE of 51.86, showing its efficiency in reducing the computation time but with a slightly higher error rate than trainrp. Overall, the trainrp method was more accurate in capturing actual rainfall patterns with lower error rates, whereas the trainlm method exhibited good stability but greater sensitivity to parameter variations. This comparative analysis highlights the potential of trainrp to achieve more precise rainfall predictions within the study area.</text>
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                <text>Syaharuddin1, Abdillah2, Alfiana Sahraini3, Lilis Suriani4</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6388/1140</text>
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                <text>Department of Mathematics Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>11, 2025</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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