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                  <text>Vol 9 No 5 (2025)</text>
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                <text>A Comparative Evaluation of YOLOv9 and DETR Models in Traffic Object Detection for Intelligent Surveillance Systems</text>
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                <text>intelligent systems; DETR; object detection; YOLOv9; traffic surveillance</text>
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                <text>Object detection plays a crucial role in traffic surveillance, particularly in urban environments characterized by high vehicle density, diverse weather conditions, and limited computational resources. Although YOLOv9 and DETR have demonstrated strong  performance  in  general  object  detection  tasks,  there  is  a  lack  of  comparative  research  evaluating  their  effectiveness  under specific challenges of traffic surveillance. These challenges include the need for real-time processing, accurate detection of  small  or  partially  occluded  objects,  and  adaptability  to  complex  traffic  scenarios.  This  study  addresses  this  gap  by  conducting  a  comparative  evaluation  of  YOLOv9  and  DETR  using  a  custom  traffic  image  dataset,  with  training  iterations  varied  from  10  to  50  epochs  to  observe  performance  development.  Evaluation  metrics  included  mean  average  precision,  precision, recall, F1-score, inference time, and object count per image. The results indicated that DETR achieved the highest accuracy across all metrics at the final training stage and detected up to 22 objects per image. However, the average inference time  exceeded  seven  seconds  per  image,  limiting  the  real-time  applicability.  Conversely,  YOLOv9  achieved  competitive  accuracy with a significantly faster inference time of approximately 0.43 seconds per image. These findings provide practical insights into the trade-off between accuracy and processing efficiency, and offer guidance for model selection in operational traffic surveillance systems</text>
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                <text>Mohamad Jamil1, Nani Nagu, Muhammad Said</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6556/1169</text>
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                <text>Department of Informatics Engineering, Universitas Khairun, Ternate, Maluku Utara, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>Department of Informatics Engineering, Universitas Khairun, Ternate, Maluku Utara, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                  <text>Vol 9 No 5 (2025)</text>
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                <text>A Data-Driven Comparison of Linear Mixed Model and Mixed Effects Regression Tree Approaches for Dairy Productivity Analysis</text>
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                <text>hierarchical data; indonesian dairy cow milk productivity survey 2024; linear mixed model (LMM); mixed effects regression tree (MERT); SDGs: goal 2 and 3</text>
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                <text>Dairy  productivity  studies  often  involve  hierarchical  and  longitudinal  data  structures  that  violate  the  assumptions  of  linearregression. This study compares two modeling approaches, Linear Mixed Model (LMM) and Mixed Effects Regression Tree (MERT), in predicting dairy productivity based on the 2024 National Dairy Productivity Survey data. Predictive performance was  evaluated  using  MSEP,  RMSEP,  MAD,  and  MAPE,  with  MERT  consistently  outperforming  LMM  in  accuracy  and  robustness.  Permutational  Multivariate  Analysis  of  Variance  (PERMANOVA)  test  results  reinforced  this  finding,  yielding  a  pseudo-F  value  of  224.7  and  a  p-value  of  0.001,  indicating  statistically  significant  differences  in  model  performance.  Key  predictors of MERT model included farm altitude, the previous week’s milk production, and the amounts of concentrate feed given,  which  are  part  of  significant  predictor  variables  in  LMM.  This  finding  underscores  MERT’s  superiority  in  modeling  complex agricultural datasets while providing interpretable insights through data-driven segmentation. The study advocates policy focus in sustainable milk production as well as the availability of high quality of feed and altitude-based dairy farms location to improve milk productivity. Should these focuses implemented by the industry, combined with the MBG Program, Indonesia would be progressing better towards achievement of SDGs Goal 2 and 3.</text>
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                <text>Achmad Fauzan1,2,  Fatkhurokhman Fauzi3,4, Rhendy K P Widiyanto5,6Khairil Anwar Notodiputro7, Bagus Sartono8</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6751/1144</text>
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                <text>Study Program of Statistics and Data Science, School of Data Science, Mathematics and InformaticsIPB University, Bogor, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>October13, 2025</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                  <text>Vol 9 No 5 (2025)</text>
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                <text>Addressing Class Imbalance in Oil Palm Disease and Micronutrient Deficiency Detection Using Meta-Learned Transfer Metric Learning</text>
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                <text> class imbalance; MW-FixMatch; MetaTMLDA; oil palm; transfer metric learning; </text>
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                <text>Class imbalance is a major challenge in oil palm disease and nutrient deficiency detection, where healthy samples dominate while  diseased  or  deficient  cases  are  underrepresented,  often  leading  to  biased  models  with  high  false-negative  rates.  To  address this issue, this study proposes MetaTMLDA (Meta-Learned Transfer Metric Learning with Distribution Alignment), a hybrid framework that combines Transfer Metric Learning (TML) with MW-FixMatch. TML learns discriminative and domain-invariant  features,  while  MW-FixMatch  employs  a  meta-learned  weighting  mechanism  to  adaptively  reweight  samples,  improving  sensitivity  to  minority  classes  and  enhancing  robustness  against  pseudo-label  noise.  Experiments  on  four  public  datasets—Ganoderma Disease Detection, Palm Oil Leaf Disease, and Leaf Nutrient Detection for Boron and Magnesium—demonstrated that the proposed method consistently outperforms TML-DA, MW-FixMatch, SMOTE, Random Undersampling, and Biased SVM. On the smaller datasets (Ganoderma and Palm Oil Leaf Disease), MetaTMLDA achieved accuracy of 0.976, precision  0.951,  recall  0.915,  Cohen’s  Kappa  0.912,  and  macro  F1-score  0.933  for  Ganoderma,  and  accuracy  of  0.980,  precision  0.972,  recall  0.957,  Kappa  0.911,  and  macro  F1-score  0.964  for  Palm  Oil  Leaf  Disease.  On  the  larger  datasets  (Boron and Magnesium), the model reached near-perfect accuracy of 0.995, with precision up to 0.967, recall up to 0.973, Kappa above 0.919, and macro F1-scores up to 0.969, highlighting its robustness and balanced predictive performance. These findings confirm that MetaTMLDA effectively addresses both class imbalance and domain shift, providing a scalable solution for precision agriculture through earlier and more reliable detection of oil palm health issues.</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Hartono1,  Erianto Ongko2</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6857/1168</text>
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                <text>Department of Informatics, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Medan Area, Medan, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>October 28, 2025</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                  <text>Vol 9 No 5 (2025)</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Application of Reinforcement Learning to Solve Rubrik’s Cube with Markov Decision Process</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Reinforcement Learning, Rubik’s Cube; Markov Decision Process</text>
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                <text>The Rubik's Cube is a tricky puzzle that can be arranged in countless ways, making it hard for both people and computers to figure out. While standard solving methods use fixed strategies, this research looks into using reinforcement learning (RL) to create a flexible and effective way to solve it. The goal of this research is to develop an RL-based solver that uses the Markov Decision Process (MDP) system, focusing on speed, efficient moves, and the number of steps needed to solve the cube. The suggested model uses Q-learning and Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) to figure out the best moves at each stage of the game, training  through  lots  of  Rubik's  Cube  simulations.  What  makes  this  research  unique  is  the  combination  of  MCTS  with  Q-learning,  which  improves  decision-making  by  needing  fewer  moves  than  standard  methods.  The  tests  show  that  this  model  reaches almost perfect solutions with fewer moves, doing better than simple rule-based methods. Also, a web app was created to give live solving techniques based on the cube arrangements that users provide. This research helps grow the use of RL in puzzles like the Rubik's Cube and gives a useful tool for fans who want to get better at solving the cube</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Defni1, Andi Fathul Mukminin2, Ainil Mardhiah3, Titin Ritmi4, Junaldi5, Yuhefizar6, Fibriyanti7</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6552/1135</text>
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                <text>Information Technology, Padang State Polytechnic, West Sumatera, Indonesi</text>
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                <text>October 8, 2025</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                <text>Research in 2019 in Batam City showed that out of 19 coral reef fisheries support facilities, 16 were declared not good. Coral reef damage increased from 36.28% to 39.44%. This is due to the threat of coral reef damage due to international shipping lane areas, human activities such as destructive fishing, pollution, sedimentation, and global warming. These threats can cause coral diseases such as black band disease (BBD), brown band disease (BrB), Bleaching Coral, and yellow band disease (YBD). The Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method collects data in the field in the form of underwater photos and analyzes them to obtain quantitative data. This method has a weakness, namely the low level of accuracy in detecting coral reef diseases. This study proposes coral reef disease detection using the YOLO model YOLO8l, YOLO8x, and YOLO8m. The results of the model evaluation  test  with  a  threshold  value  of  0.5  to  0.95  against  the  test  data  show  that  the  three  models  can  detect  coral  reef  diseases  with  an  accuracy  of  99%.  These  results  prove  that  the  YOLOv8  model  in  this  study  is  suitable  for  the  real-time detection of coral reef diseases to replace the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method, which has low accuracy. Applying the YOLOv8 method will help Prevent Marine Habitat Damage in Batam City</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6062/1145</text>
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                <text>Accurately determining the ripeness of oil palm fruit is crucial for ensuring the quality of palm oil. However, traditional manual methods  are  often  time-consuming  and  less  accurate.  This  study  aimed  to  develop  an  automated  system  for  detecting  the  ripeness of oil palm fruit by combining the Hue Saturation Value (HSV) model, Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithms. This system utilizes K-Nearest Neighbors to classify the relationship between color features  extracted  using  the  HSV  model  and  texture  features  derived  from  GLCM  analysis  to  categorize  fruit  ripeness.  The  color  features  represent  the  fruit's  chromatic  characteristics  associated  with  ripeness,  while  the  texture  features  provide  information  regarding  surface  patterns  related  to  ripeness.  The  color  features  represent  the  fruit's  color  characteristics  associated with ripeness, whereas the texture features provide information about the surface patterns related to ripeness. The results indicate that the system can classify oil palm fruit into four distinct categories: Over-Ripe, Ripe, Half-Ripe, and Raw. The dataset was divided with an 80:20 ratio, where 80% was allocated for training data and the remaining 20% for test data. An accuracy rate of 85% was achieved. The results of this study demonstrate that the developed system effectively classifies oil palm fruit images based on ripeness levels. This system supports a sustainable automated palm oil production model through accurate ripeness detection, thereby reducing reliance on manual methods and enhancing consistency and productivity in palm oil  processing.  These  findings  indicate  that  the  proposed  hybrid  method  is  feasible  for  integration  into  an  automated  classification system to support decision-making in oil palm harvesting. </text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6683/1143</text>
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                <text>Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Handayani Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                  <text>Vol 9 No 5 (2025)</text>
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                <text>Breast Cancer Histopathological Image Classification  with Convolutional Neural Networks Models</text>
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                <text>breast cancer; histopathological image classification; deep learning; convolutional neural network; support vector machine</text>
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                <text>Early  diagnosis  and  treatment  can  reduce  mortality  rates  by  preventing  the  progression  of  breast  cancer.  Owing  to  convolutional  neural  networks  (CNN),breast  cancer  diagnosis  can  be  performed  faster  and  more  objectively  than  humans  using  thousands  of  histopathological  images.  This  study  aimed  to  evaluate  and  compare  the  rapid  and  effective  diagnostic  performance of CNN models on breast tumor images, utilizing transfer learning through pre-training and fine-tuning on novel datasets. The study was performed in two ways on BreakHis and BACH datasets. First, fine-tuned VGG16, VGG19, Xception, InceptionV3, ResNet50, and InceptionResNetV2 models were used for classification. Second, these CNN models were used as feature extractors and support vector machines (SVMs) as classifiers. The success of all models in tumor classification was interpreted using performance metrics, such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and AUC. The models showing the best performance as a result of the analyses were as follows: InceptionResNetV2+SVM model with an accuracy of 99.3%, precision of  99.0%,  recall  of  100.0%,  F1  score  of  99.5%,  AUC  of  98.9%  for  BreakHis  dataset;  and  InceptionResNetV2  model  with  accuracy  of  96.7%,  precision  of  93.8%,  recall  of  100.0%,  F1  score  of  96.8%,  AUC  of  96.7%  for  the  BACH  dataset.  As  a  conclusion, it has been seen that the CNN methods have good generalization abilities and can respond to clinical needs.</text>
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                <text>sil Unaldi1,  Leman Tomak</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6420/1130</text>
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                <text>Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Türkiye</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                <text>Breast Cancer Histopathological Image Classification  with Convolutional Neural Networks Models</text>
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                <text>Early  diagnosis  and  treatment  can  reduce  mortality  rates  by  preventing  the  progression  of  breast  cancer.  Owing  to  convolutional  neural  networks  (CNN),breast  cancer  diagnosis  can  be  performed  faster  and  more  objectively  than  humans  using  thousands  of  histopathological  images.  This  study  aimed  to  evaluate  and  compare  the  rapid  and  effective  diagnostic  performance of CNN models on breast tumor images, utilizing transfer learning through pre-training and fine-tuning on novel datasets. The study was performed in two ways on BreakHis and BACH datasets. First, fine-tuned VGG16, VGG19, Xception, InceptionV3, ResNet50, and InceptionResNetV2 models were used for classification. Second, these CNN models were used as feature extractors and support vector machines (SVMs) as classifiers. The success of all models in tumor classification was interpreted using performance metrics, such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and AUC. The models showing the best performance as a result of the analyses were as follows: InceptionResNetV2+SVM model with an accuracy of 99.3%, precision of  99.0%,  recall  of  100.0%,  F1  score  of  99.5%,  AUC  of  98.9%  for  BreakHis  dataset;  and  InceptionResNetV2  model  with  accuracy  of  96.7%,  precision  of  93.8%,  recall  of  100.0%,  F1  score  of  96.8%,  AUC  of  96.7%  for  the  BACH  dataset.  As  a  conclusion, it has been seen that the CNN methods have good generalization abilities and can respond to clinical needs</text>
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                <text>Manual ICD-10 coding in healthcare systems remains time-consuming, error-prone, and inefficient, particularly in resource-constrained settings. This study investigates the effect of various preprocessing strategies on the performance of the Text-to-Text  Transfer  Transformer  (T5)  model  for  primary  diagnosis  classification  using  structured  clinical  data.  A  total  of  7,263  clinical records were collected from two high-density regions in Bali (Badung and Gianyar) between January 2023 and March 2024,  then  converted  into  descriptive  text  prompts  for  model  training.  Four  experimental  scenarios  combined  variations  of  input  features  and  label  configurations,  comparing  T5  with  Oversampling  against  T5  with  Easy  Data  Augmentation  (EDA)  plus   Oversampling.   Results   showed   that   T5   with Random   Oversampling   consistently   outperformed   the   EDA-based configuration across all scenarios, with performance gaps ranging from 8% to 19%. Scenario 4, which excluded body system features  and  the  semantically  overlapping  E860  label,  achieved  the  highest  balance,  reaching  84.7%  accuracy,  85.1%  precision,  84.7%  recall,  and  84.3%  F1-score.  Conversely,  the  EDA-based  approach  reduced  training  time  by  up  to  72%,  indicating  a  clear  trade-off  between  performance  and  efficiency.  Both  configurations  frequently  misclassified  semantically  similar  codes  within  the  same  ICD-10  categories,  underscoring  the  difficulty  of  distinguishing  clinically  related  diagnoses.  Overall,  the  results  suggest  that  careful  selection  of  preprocessing  strategies  can  enhance  transformer-based  medical  text  classification, while striking a balance between model performance and training efficiency. This work may serve as an initial reference for developing more efficient semi-automated medical coding systems in the Indonesian regional healthcare contex</text>
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                <text>I Gusti Ngurah Lanang Wijayakusuma1*, Made Sudarma2, I Ketut Gede Darma Putra3, Oka Sudana4, Ni Putu Dian Astutik5</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6919/1149</text>
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                <text>Department of Doctoral Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia</text>
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                <text> October 25, 2025</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                  <text>Vol 9 No 5 (2025)</text>
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                <text>Early Detection of Grasserie Disease in Silkworms Using Computer Vision and Machine Learning</text>
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                <text> grasserie; histogram oriented gradient; machine learning; sericulture; silkworm</text>
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                <text>One of the major challenges associated with the sericulture industry is silkworm diseases, as they are very difficult to detect in the early stages.  Timely  identification  of  infected  silkworms  is  essential  to  curb  the  spread  of  disease  and  reduce  economic  damage.  This  study  focuses  on  diagnosing  Grasserie  disease,  a  highly  contagious  condition  that  can  devastate  silkworm  populations, leading to substantial financial losses for farmers. To address the shortcomings of expert manual inspections, this study employed camera-captured images of silkworms for automated disease detection. A newly compiled dataset, consisting of 668 healthy silkworms and 574 infected with Grasserie disease are used for this study. The dataset is analyzed with machine learning techniques for image analysis, features are extracted from the pre-processed images using combining Histogram of Oriented  Gradients  (HOG)  and  the  higher  dimensional  features  are  reduced  with  Kernel  Principal  Component  Analysis  (KPCA), and classification using supervised models. The results highlight the effectiveness of this approach in differentiating healthy  silkworms  from  diseased  ones.  The  machine  learning  model  HOG  integrated  with  KPCA  and  Decision  Trees  (DT)  achieved strong performance, with accuracy, recall, and precision scores of 94.28%, 94.56%, and 92.48%, respectively. While these  outcomes  are  encouraging,  further  research  is  needed  to  develop  a  practical  IoT-based  tool  that  enables  sericulture  farmers to quickly detect infections and take preventive measures, minimizing unexpected losses. This study marks a crucial advancement  in  silkworm  disease  detection,  offering  a  pathway  toward  greater  sustainability  and  economic  stability  in  the  sericulture sector</text>
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                <text>Sania Thomas1, Binson V A2*, Sini Rahuman3, Sivakumar K S4</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6705/1166</text>
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                <text>Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Saintgits College of Engineering, Kerala, India</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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