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                <text>Breast Cancer Histopathological Image Classification  with Convolutional Neural Networks Models</text>
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                <text>breast cancer; histopathological image classification; deep learning; convolutional neural network; support vector machine</text>
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                <text>Early  diagnosis  and  treatment  can  reduce  mortality  rates  by  preventing  the  progression  of  breast  cancer.  Owing  to  convolutional  neural  networks  (CNN),breast  cancer  diagnosis  can  be  performed  faster  and  more  objectively  than  humans  using  thousands  of  histopathological  images.  This  study  aimed  to  evaluate  and  compare  the  rapid  and  effective  diagnostic  performance of CNN models on breast tumor images, utilizing transfer learning through pre-training and fine-tuning on novel datasets. The study was performed in two ways on BreakHis and BACH datasets. First, fine-tuned VGG16, VGG19, Xception, InceptionV3, ResNet50, and InceptionResNetV2 models were used for classification. Second, these CNN models were used as feature extractors and support vector machines (SVMs) as classifiers. The success of all models in tumor classification was interpreted using performance metrics, such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and AUC. The models showing the best performance as a result of the analyses were as follows: InceptionResNetV2+SVM model with an accuracy of 99.3%, precision of  99.0%,  recall  of  100.0%,  F1  score  of  99.5%,  AUC  of  98.9%  for  BreakHis  dataset;  and  InceptionResNetV2  model  with  accuracy  of  96.7%,  precision  of  93.8%,  recall  of  100.0%,  F1  score  of  96.8%,  AUC  of  96.7%  for  the  BACH  dataset.  As  a  conclusion, it has been seen that the CNN methods have good generalization abilities and can respond to clinical needs.</text>
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                <text>sil Unaldi1,  Leman Tomak</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6420/1130</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                <text>Breast Cancer Histopathological Image Classification  with Convolutional Neural Networks Models</text>
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                <text>breast cancer; histopathological image classification; deep learning; convolutional neural network; support vector machine</text>
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                <text>Early  diagnosis  and  treatment  can  reduce  mortality  rates  by  preventing  the  progression  of  breast  cancer.  Owing  to  convolutional  neural  networks  (CNN),breast  cancer  diagnosis  can  be  performed  faster  and  more  objectively  than  humans  using  thousands  of  histopathological  images.  This  study  aimed  to  evaluate  and  compare  the  rapid  and  effective  diagnostic  performance of CNN models on breast tumor images, utilizing transfer learning through pre-training and fine-tuning on novel datasets. The study was performed in two ways on BreakHis and BACH datasets. First, fine-tuned VGG16, VGG19, Xception, InceptionV3, ResNet50, and InceptionResNetV2 models were used for classification. Second, these CNN models were used as feature extractors and support vector machines (SVMs) as classifiers. The success of all models in tumor classification was interpreted using performance metrics, such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and AUC. The models showing the best performance as a result of the analyses were as follows: InceptionResNetV2+SVM model with an accuracy of 99.3%, precision of  99.0%,  recall  of  100.0%,  F1  score  of  99.5%,  AUC  of  98.9%  for  BreakHis  dataset;  and  InceptionResNetV2  model  with  accuracy  of  96.7%,  precision  of  93.8%,  recall  of  100.0%,  F1  score  of  96.8%,  AUC  of  96.7%  for  the  BACH  dataset.  As  a  conclusion, it has been seen that the CNN methods have good generalization abilities and can respond to clinical needs</text>
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                <text>Isil Unaldi1,  Leman Tomak2</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6420/1130</text>
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                <text>Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Türkiye</text>
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                <text>Isil Unaldi1,  Leman Tomak</text>
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                <text>Stacking Ensemble Learning Model for Intrusion Detection in Electrical Substation</text>
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                <text> electrical substations; intrusion detection system; machine learning; stacking ensemble learning</text>
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                <text>Electrical  substations  are  crucial  infrastructure  in  power  transmission  and  distribution  but  are  increasingly  vulnerable  to  cyber threats. However, existing intrusion detection systems (IDS) face several limitations, such as high false positive rates,weak  in  anticipating  new  attack  patterns,  and  imbalances  in  detecting  different  types  of  intrusions.  This  study  proposes  a  Stacking  Ensemble  Learning  model  to  enhance  intrusion  detection  accuracy  in  electrical  substations.  The  proposed  model  integrates  Logistic  Regression  (LR),  K-Nearest  Neighbors  (KNN),  Support  Vector  Machine  (SVM),  and  XGBoost  (XGB)  as  base models with XGB acting as the meta-model. A real-world electrical substation IEC 60870-5-104 network traffic dataset comprising 319,949 instances with multiple attacks, such as DoS, Port Scan, NTP DdoS, IEC 104 Starvation, Fuzzy Attack, Flood Attack, and MITM, was used in this study. The results demonstrate that the stacking model achieves the best performance, with accuracy (0.99990), precision (0.99990), recall (0.99990), and F1 score (0.99990), surpassing the base model, Bagging, and Boosting. T-test results further confirmed statistical significance, with p-values of 0.00428 (LR), 0.04237 (SVM), 0.00000 (XGB),  0.00057  (KNN),  0.00549  (Boosting),  and  0.00000  (Bagging)  reinforcing  the  superiority  of  the  proposed  methodapproach. These findings highlight the effectiveness of Stacking Ensemble Learning in enhancing the detection performanceof IDS for electrical substations and outperforming traditional models and other ensemble learning methods</text>
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                <text>Mohammad Mahruf Alam1,  Feddy Setio Pribadi2, Rizky Ajie Aprilianto3, Arvina Rizqi Nurul’aini4</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6502/1139</text>
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                <text>Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>October 11, 2025</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                <text>Evaluating the Accuracy of a Hybrid Neural Model with RBF-Polynomial Kernel for Rainfall Prediction: A Comparative Analysis of Trainlm  and Trainrp Functions</text>
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                <text> backpropagation; neural network; RBF-polynomial; relevance vector machine; rainfall</text>
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                <text>Accurate rainfall prediction is crucial for effective water management and disaster mitigation. This study introduces a novelhybrid neural model that employs a fourth-degree polynomial kernel and provides the first empirical comparison of the trainlm and trainrp functions to enhance forecasting accuracy. This study explored the application of a neural network algorithm with RBF-Polynomial (degree 4) kernel for training and testing data in rainfall forecasting. This study focused on monthly rainfall data collected from Mataram City, Indonesia. We developed a hybrid BP-RVM algorithm as the main algorithm that offers a predictive  approach  to  compare  the  trainlm  and  trainrp  functions.  We  conducted  20  trials  with  combinations  of  learning,  momentum, and gamma-RBF at internal values of 0.01-0.9. The training results from trainrp with more than 118 iterations yielded the best performance with learning rate 0.8 and momentum 0.2; MSE value of 2,236.25 and RMSE of 47.29. These results indicate a relatively low error rate for the proposed method. In contrast, the trainlm method, which only requires 18 iterations with a learning rate of 0.6 and momentum of 0.4, produces an MSE of 2,689.25 and RMSE of 51.86, showing its efficiency in reducing the computation time but with a slightly higher error rate than trainrp. Overall, the trainrp method was more accurate in capturing actual rainfall patterns with lower error rates, whereas the trainlm method exhibited good stability but greater sensitivity to parameter variations. This comparative analysis highlights the potential of trainrp to achieve more precise rainfall predictions within the study area.</text>
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                <text>Syaharuddin1, Abdillah2, Alfiana Sahraini3, Lilis Suriani4</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6388/1140</text>
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                <text>Department of Mathematics Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>11, 2025</text>
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                <text>Automated Ripeness Detection of Oil Palm Fruit  Using a Hybrid GLCM-HSV-KNN Model</text>
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                <text>HSV: GLCM; KNN; image processing; oil palm fruit ripeness</text>
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                <text>Accurately determining the ripeness of oil palm fruit is crucial for ensuring the quality of palm oil. However, traditional manual methods  are  often  time-consuming  and  less  accurate.  This  study  aimed  to  develop  an  automated  system  for  detecting  the  ripeness of oil palm fruit by combining the Hue Saturation Value (HSV) model, Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithms. This system utilizes K-Nearest Neighbors to classify the relationship between color features  extracted  using  the  HSV  model  and  texture  features  derived  from  GLCM  analysis  to  categorize  fruit  ripeness.  The  color  features  represent  the  fruit's  chromatic  characteristics  associated  with  ripeness,  while  the  texture  features  provide  information  regarding  surface  patterns  related  to  ripeness.  The  color  features  represent  the  fruit's  color  characteristics  associated with ripeness, whereas the texture features provide information about the surface patterns related to ripeness. The results indicate that the system can classify oil palm fruit into four distinct categories: Over-Ripe, Ripe, Half-Ripe, and Raw. The dataset was divided with an 80:20 ratio, where 80% was allocated for training data and the remaining 20% for test data. An accuracy rate of 85% was achieved. The results of this study demonstrate that the developed system effectively classifies oil palm fruit images based on ripeness levels. This system supports a sustainable automated palm oil production model through accurate ripeness detection, thereby reducing reliance on manual methods and enhancing consistency and productivity in palm oil  processing.  These  findings  indicate  that  the  proposed  hybrid  method  is  feasible  for  integration  into  an  automated  classification system to support decision-making in oil palm harvesting. </text>
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                <text>Mirfan1,  Billy Eden William Asrul2, Mila Jumarlis3, Juliani4</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6683/1143</text>
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                <text>Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Handayani Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                  <text>Vol 9 No 5 (2025)</text>
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                <text>A Data-Driven Comparison of Linear Mixed Model and Mixed Effects Regression Tree Approaches for Dairy Productivity Analysis</text>
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                <text>hierarchical data; indonesian dairy cow milk productivity survey 2024; linear mixed model (LMM); mixed effects regression tree (MERT); SDGs: goal 2 and 3</text>
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                <text>Dairy  productivity  studies  often  involve  hierarchical  and  longitudinal  data  structures  that  violate  the  assumptions  of  linearregression. This study compares two modeling approaches, Linear Mixed Model (LMM) and Mixed Effects Regression Tree (MERT), in predicting dairy productivity based on the 2024 National Dairy Productivity Survey data. Predictive performance was  evaluated  using  MSEP,  RMSEP,  MAD,  and  MAPE,  with  MERT  consistently  outperforming  LMM  in  accuracy  and  robustness.  Permutational  Multivariate  Analysis  of  Variance  (PERMANOVA)  test  results  reinforced  this  finding,  yielding  a  pseudo-F  value  of  224.7  and  a  p-value  of  0.001,  indicating  statistically  significant  differences  in  model  performance.  Key  predictors of MERT model included farm altitude, the previous week’s milk production, and the amounts of concentrate feed given,  which  are  part  of  significant  predictor  variables  in  LMM.  This  finding  underscores  MERT’s  superiority  in  modeling  complex agricultural datasets while providing interpretable insights through data-driven segmentation. The study advocates policy focus in sustainable milk production as well as the availability of high quality of feed and altitude-based dairy farms location to improve milk productivity. Should these focuses implemented by the industry, combined with the MBG Program, Indonesia would be progressing better towards achievement of SDGs Goal 2 and 3.</text>
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                <text>Achmad Fauzan1,2,  Fatkhurokhman Fauzi3,4, Rhendy K P Widiyanto5,6Khairil Anwar Notodiputro7, Bagus Sartono8</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="113042">
                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6751/1144</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="113043">
                <text>Study Program of Statistics and Data Science, School of Data Science, Mathematics and InformaticsIPB University, Bogor, Indonesia</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="113044">
                <text>October13, 2025</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                  <text>Vol 9 No 5 (2025)</text>
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                <text>Explainable Ensemble Learning for Maternal Health Risk in Low-Resource Settings</text>
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                <text>ensemble learning; explainable AI; maternal health; risk prediction; SHAP Analysis</text>
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                <text>Maternal health remains a global challenge, particularly in low-resource settings where accurate and timely risk prediction is essential  to  reducing  maternal  mortality.  This  study  proposes  an  explainable  machine  learning  framework  for  predicting  maternal   health   risks   by   integrating   ensemble   learning   methods   with   SHAP   (Shapley   Additive   exPlanations)   for   interpretability. This study utilized the publicly available Maternal Health Risk Data Set (MHRDS), comprising physiological features such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood sugar level, body temperature, and age. A total of 18 machine learning models including Random Forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, Neural Networks, and TabNet were evaluated to compare individual classifiers and ensemble approaches comprehensively. The selection of this diverse set of models is grounded in the need  to  benchmark  different  algorithmic  paradigms,  as  variations  in  inductive  bias,  learning  capacity,  and  robustness  to  clinical  data  noise  can  influence  predictive  performance  and  generalizability.  This  comprehensive  comparison  enables  the  identification  of  optimal  model  types  for  integration  into  ensemble  frameworks.  Evaluation  was  performed  across  three  different test scenarios (test sizes of 10%, 20%, and 30%) to assess model consistency under varying data partitions. Stacking, Voting, and Histogram-based Gradient Boosting showed consistently high performance, with Stacking achieving the highest accuracy  of  87.2%,  followed  by  Histogram  Gradient  Boosting  (86.9%)  and  Voting  (86.7%)  at  test  size  0.2.  SHAP  analysis  identified  blood  sugar,  systolic  blood  pressure,  and  maternal  age  as  the  top  predictors  across  all  test  scenarios.  The  best-performing models were deployed into a web-based clinical decision support system designed for healthcare practitioners in Indonesia.  The  proposed  approach  balances  predictive  accuracy  and  model  transparency,  offering  a  practical  solution  for  improving maternal care in data-limited environments</text>
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                <text>Lilik Widyawati1, Neny Sulistianingsih2*</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="113052">
                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6765/1150</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="113053">
                <text>Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Bumigora, Mataram, Indonesia</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="113054">
                <text>Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Bumigora, Mataram, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                <text>ENGLISH</text>
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                  <text>Vol 9 No 5 (2025)</text>
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                <text>IoT-Based Smart Infusion Monitoring and Control System Using ESP32</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>automatic control; ESP32; infusion fluids; internet of things; monitoring system</text>
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                <text>Infusion  is  a  common  medical  procedure  used  to  treat  conditions  such  as  gastric  acid  and  typhoid,  where  precise  fluid  administration is critical. This study presents the development of an IoT-based smart infusion monitoring and control system using an ESP32 microcontroller, designed to automatically monitor infusion volume and regulate drip rate in real-time. The system integrates a load cell sensor to measure infusion fluid weight, a photodiode sensor to detect drip rate, and a servo motor to adjust the flow rate adaptively. It features web-based monitoring, buzzer alerts, and an LCD display for local feedback. The system was tested in a clinical simulation with an infusion requirement of 1500 mL per 24 hours and various drip factors (15,20,  and  60  drops/mL).  The  infusion  volume  status  is  automatically  categorized  into  three  levels:  FULL  (&gt;350  mL),  HALF  (150–350  mL),  and  WARNING  (&lt;150  mL).  Based  on  10  test  scenarios,  the  system  accurately  classified  volume  levels  and  triggered warnings when volume dropped below 150 mL. For example, in Test-08 to Test-10, volumes of 139.67 mL, 87.34 mL, and 40.53 mL were correctly detected as “WARNING” with buzzer alerts activated. The load cell sensor achieved excellent accuracy,  with  an  error  margin  between  0.02%  and  0.06%,  while  the  system  maintained  drip-rate  stability  within  a  ±5%  tolerance range. It also dynamically adjusted the servo angle to correct under-  or over-drip conditions. These results confirm that the system delivers accurate, automated, and responsive infusion control, making it suitable for healthcare settings with limited staff to improve safety and efficiency.</text>
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                <text>Frengki Simatupang1, Istas Pratomo Manalu2, Ana Muliyana3, Paian Manalu4, Erna Meliana Manurung5, Batara Hasintongan Nadapdap</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="113063">
                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6632/1151</text>
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                <text>valuating  the  quality  of  student-generated  user  stories  is  important  in  software  engineering  education,  but  only  a  limited  number of industry practitioners can assist. The integration of generative AI can facilitate this process. To do so, the INVEST quality evaluation framework is widely recognized for assessing user story quality; however, prior research has not explored its use in conjunction with generative AI. This study investigated ChatGPT's ability to evaluate user stories using the INVEST framework. This study compares two ChatGPT-based evaluation approaches with those of experienced practitioners, focusing on student-generated user stories. Discrepancies between ChatGPT and practitioner evaluations were measured using Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). Statistical significance was tested  using  the  Mann-Whitney  U  Test.  The  results  indicate  that  ChatGPT’s  1st  approach  yielded  lower  discrepancies  than  practitioner evaluations. Moreover, significance testing showed no statistically significant differences between the ChatGPT and practitioner results for the two INVEST criteria- Independent and Estimable. These findings suggest that the 1st approach can assist in the evaluation process, although practitioners must ensure comprehensive and accurate evaluations. ChatGPT can  provide  preliminary  evaluations  in  educational  contexts,  enabling  students  to  receive  formative  feedback  and  allowing  educators  to  streamline  evaluation  processes.  Although  practitioner  validation  is  still  required,  their  role  may  shift  toward  verifying AI-generated results, thus reducing the overall workload and accelerating quality evaluation</text>
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                <text>Muhammad Ihsan Zul1*,  Suhaila Mohd. Yasin2,  Dadang Syarif Sihabudin Sahid</text>
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                <text>https://jurnal.iaii.or.id/index.php/RESTI/article/view/6950/1154</text>
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                <text>Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technolog</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                <text>his  study  addresses  the  critical  need  to  preserve  and  revitalize  the  Javanese  language,  which  despite  its  widespread popularity,  faces  challenges  as  a  low-resource  language  in  Indonesia.  The  decline  in  Javanese  proficiency  among  younger generations  poses  a  significant  threat  to  the  language's  cultural  significance  and  heritage.  To  address  this  issue,  this  study introduces  an  innovative  approach  to  machine  translation,  focusing  on  the  development  of  a  robust  Indonesian-Javanese translation  system.  Utilizing  advanced  neural  machine  translation  (NMT)  techniques,  including  Long  Short-Term  Memory (LSTM) networks, the proposed system aims to bridge the linguistic gap between Indonesian and Javanese. Special attention was given to the unique linguistic characteristics and challenges of Javanese, with the goal of achieving exceptional translation accuracy and fluency. Through extensive experimentation and evaluation, this study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the  translation  system  in  facilitating  cross-cultural  communication  and  language  preservation  efforts  within  the  Javanese-speaking community. By emphasizing the significance of Javanese as a widely spoken yet under-resourced language, this study underscores  the  importance  of  innovative  technological  solutions  in  safeguarding  linguistic  diversity  and  cultural  heritage. Through  its  contributions,  the  research  seeks  to  address  the  pressing  need  for  language  preservation  and  revitalization, particularly in the context of low-resource languages like Javanese</text>
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                <text>nformation Technology, Technology and Design Faculty, Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Asia, Malang, Indonesia</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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