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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 15 Issue 2 2024</text>
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                <text>Genotoxic Effects on Gas Station Attendants in South-southeastern&#13;
México due to Prolonged and Chronic Exposure to Gasoline</text>
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                <text>Comet assay&#13;
DNA damage&#13;
Gas station attendants</text>
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                <text>Gasoline, a complex mixture of volatile organic compounds is classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Gasoline station attendants, consistently exposed to its hazardous components, may&#13;
face genotoxic effects. This study aimed to assess the influence of varying work shift durations on DNA&#13;
damage in gasoline station attendants.&#13;
Methods: Ninety individuals from three locations in southern México were studied. Peripheral blood&#13;
mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated, and DNA damage was assessed using the comet assay. Demographic, occupational, and lifestyle data were collected. Statistical analyses included t-tests, ANOVA,&#13;
and Pearson correlation.&#13;
Results: Significant differences in DNA damage parameters were observed between exposed and unexposed groups. The impact of tobacco, alcohol, and exercise on DNA damage was negligible. Extended&#13;
work shifts (12 and 24 hours) showed heightened DNA damage compared to 8-hour shifts and the&#13;
unexposed group. A novel finding revealed a modest but significant correlation between DNA damage&#13;
and job seniority.&#13;
Conclusion: The study highlights the intricate relationship between occupational exposure to gasoline&#13;
components, DNA damage, and work shift lengths. Extended shifts correlate with heightened genotoxic&#13;
effects, emphasizing the importance of personalized safety measures. The significant correlation between DNA damage and job seniority introduces occupational longevity as a determinant in the genetic&#13;
health of gasoline station attendants. This discovery has implications for implementing targeted interventions and preventive strategies to safeguard workers’ genetic integrity throughout their years of&#13;
service. The study calls for further exploration of unconsidered factors in understanding the multifactorial nature of DNA damage in this occupational setting.</text>
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                <text>Rebeca I. Martínez-Salinas 1&#13;
, Irene Sánchez-Moreno 2&#13;
, Juan J. Morales López 3&#13;
,&#13;
Benito Salvatierra Izaba 2&#13;
, Everardo Barba Macías 4&#13;
, Anahí Armas-Tizapantzi 2&#13;
,&#13;
Arturo Torres-Dosal</text>
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                <text>1 Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas (UNICACH), México&#13;
2Departamento de Salud, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Unidad San Cristóbal, México&#13;
3 Laboratorios Institucionales de El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Unidad San Cristóbal, México&#13;
4Departamento de Ciencias de la Sustentabilidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Unidad Villahermosa, México</text>
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                <text> 9 February 2024</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                <text>Evaluating the Protective Effectiveness of Rubber Glove Materials&#13;
Against Organic Solvents Upon Repeated Exposure and&#13;
Decontamination</text>
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                <text>Glove permeation&#13;
Protective glove&#13;
Rubber strength&#13;
Thermal decontamination</text>
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                <text>Glove reuse poses risks, as chemicals can persist even after cleaning. Decontamination&#13;
methods like thermal aeration, recommended by US OSHA, vary in effectiveness. Some studies show&#13;
promising results, while others emphasize the importance of considering both permeation and tensile&#13;
strength changes. This research advocates for informed glove reuse, emphasizing optimal thermal&#13;
aeration temperatures and providing evidence to guide users in maintaining protection efficiency.&#13;
Methods: The investigation evaluated Neoprene and Nitrile gloves (22 mils). Permeation tests with&#13;
toluene and acetone adhered to American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) F739 standards.&#13;
Decontamination optimization involved aeration at various temperatures. The experiment proceeded&#13;
with a maximum of 22 re-exposure cycles. Tensile strength and elongation were assessed following&#13;
ASTM D 412 protocols. Breakthrough time differences were statistically analyzed using t-test and ANOVA.&#13;
Results: At room temperature, glove residuals decreased, and standardized breakthrough time (SBT)2&#13;
was significantly lower than SBT1, indicating reduced protection. Higher temperature decontamination&#13;
accelerated residual removal, with DSBT (SBT2/SBT1) exceeding 100%, signifying restored protection.&#13;
Tensile tests showed stable neoprene properties postdecontamination. Results underscore thermal&#13;
aeration’s efficacy for gloves reuse, emphasizing temperature’s pivotal role. Findings recommend&#13;
meticulous management strategies, especially post-breakthrough, to uphold glove-protective&#13;
performance.&#13;
Conclusions: Thermal aeration at 100�C for 1 hour proves effective, restoring protection without&#13;
compromising glove strength. The study, covering twenty cycles, suggests safe glove reuse with proper&#13;
decontamination, reducing costs significantly. However, limitations in chemical-glove combinations and&#13;
exclusive focus on specific gloves caution against broad generalization. The absence of regulatory directives on glove reuse highlight the importance of informed selection and rigorous decontamination&#13;
validation for workplace safety practices.</text>
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                <text>Li-Wen Liu 1,2&#13;
, Cheng-Ping Chang 3&#13;
, Yu-Wen Lin 4,*, Wei-Ming Chu 3</text>
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                <text>nstitute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Taiwan&#13;
2Department of Industry Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan&#13;
3Department of Occupational Safety and Health, School of Safety and Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Taiwan&#13;
4Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                <text>Utilizing Artificial Neural Networks for Establishing Hearing-Loss&#13;
Predicting Models Based on a Longitudinal Dataset and Their&#13;
Implications for Managing the Hearing Conservation Program</text>
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                <text>Artificial neural network&#13;
Cross-sectional data&#13;
Longitudinal data&#13;
Noise-induced hearing losses&#13;
Predicting model</text>
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                <text>Though the artificial neural network (ANN) technique has been used to predict noiseinduced hearing loss (NIHL), the established prediction models have primarily relied on crosssectional datasets, and hence, they may not comprehensively capture the chronic nature of NIHL as a&#13;
disease linked to long-term noise exposure among workers.&#13;
Methods: A comprehensive dataset was utilized, encompassing eight-year longitudinal personal hearing&#13;
threshold levels (HTLs) as well as information on seven personal variables and two environmental&#13;
variables to establish NIHL predicting models through the ANN technique. Three subdatasets were&#13;
extracted from the afirementioned comprehensive dataset to assess the advantages of the present study&#13;
in NIHL predictions.&#13;
Results: The dataset was gathered from 170 workers employed in a steel-making industry, with a median&#13;
cumulative noise exposure and HTL of 88.40 dBA-year and 19.58 dB, respectively. Utilizing the longitudinal dataset demonstrated superior prediction capabilities compared to cross-sectional datasets.&#13;
Incorporating the more comprehensive dataset led to improved NIHL predictions, particularly when&#13;
considering variables such as noise pattern and use of personal protective equipment. Despite fluctuations observed in the measured HTLs, the ANN predicting models consistently revealed a discernible&#13;
trend.&#13;
Conclusions: A consistent correlation was observed between the measured HTLs and the results obtained&#13;
from the predicting models. However, it is essential to exercise caution when utilizing the modelpredicted NIHLs for individual workers due to inherent personal fluctuations in HTLs. Nonetheless,&#13;
these ANN models can serve as a valuable reference for the industry in effectively managing its hearing&#13;
conservation program.</text>
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                <text>Thanawat Khajonklin 1&#13;
, Yih-Min Sun 2&#13;
, Yue-Liang Leon Guo 3&#13;
, Hsin-I Hsu 4&#13;
,&#13;
Chung Sik Yoon 5&#13;
, Cheng-Yu Lin 6,q, Perng-Jy Tsai </text>
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                <text>1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan&#13;
2Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan County, Taiwan&#13;
3Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Medical College, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan&#13;
4 Environmental and Labor Affairs Division, Southern Taiwan Science Park Bureau, Ministry of Science and Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan&#13;
5Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea&#13;
6Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                <text>Enabling Effective Implementation of Occupational Safety and Health&#13;
Interventions</text>
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                <text>Effectiveness&#13;
Intervention development&#13;
Near-miss management&#13;
Occupational health&#13;
Occupational safety</text>
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                <text>The design, implementation, and evaluation are three important stages of occupational&#13;
safety and health (OSH) interventions. Historically, there has been a tendency to prioritize&#13;
implementation, often neglecting detailed design and rigorous outcome evaluation. Currently, much has&#13;
changed, and contemporary approaches recognize the interdependence of these stages, considering&#13;
them integral to the success of any intervention. This work presents a comprehensive procedure for&#13;
implementing interventions, not only to ensure short-term effectiveness but also their long-term sustainability through continuous monitoring. The focus is on a national OSH project introducing a nearmiss management system (NMS) in Italy.&#13;
Methods: Initial meetings were convened among project partners, complemented by interviews with&#13;
diverse stakeholders, to plan implementation steps and test the NMS. Tailored questionnaires were&#13;
designed for diverse stakeholder groups e initial promoters, company managers and employers, and&#13;
employees e facilitating targeted implementation, and three case studies were started in Italian regions&#13;
to assess the structured implementation, involving intervention promoters and collaborating companies.&#13;
Results: The primary outcome is the development of practical tools, specifically three questionnaires,&#13;
which are considered valuable for establishing an effective human-centered implementation strategy,&#13;
meticulously designed to facilitate ongoing monitoring of processes and continual enhancement of instruments intended for NMS integration within companies.&#13;
Conclusions: This work lays the foundation for successful NMS implementation in Italy and, although the&#13;
outlined procedure had specific objectives, it also provides valuable insights applicable in enhancing the&#13;
effectiveness and sustainability of interventions across diverse contexts. It underscores the importance of&#13;
comprehensive planning, stakeholder engagement, and continuous evaluation in achieving lasting OSH&#13;
interventions</text>
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                <text>Gaia Vitrano 1&#13;
, Davide Urso 2&#13;
, Guido J.L. Micheli 1,*, Armando Guglielmi 3&#13;
,&#13;
Diego De Merich 3&#13;
, Mauro Pellicci</text>
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                <text>1Department of Management, Economics and Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy&#13;
2 Local Health Unit, ASL, ATS Insubria, Varese, Italy&#13;
3Department of Medicine, Epidemiology, Occupational &amp; Environmental Hygiene, National Institute for Insurance Against Accidents at Work (INAIL), Rome,&#13;
Italy</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                <text>Presenteeism and Traffic Accident Among Taxi Drivers: A Prospective&#13;
Cohort Study in Japan</text>
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                <text>Cohort studies&#13;
Japan&#13;
Occupational groups&#13;
Traffic accidents</text>
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                <text> Traffic accidents involving professional drivers have serious societal repercussions. Unique&#13;
occupational stressors and health risks exacerbate the likelihood of traffic accidents among professional&#13;
drivers. This study explores the association between presenteeismdimpaired work performance due to&#13;
working while unwelldand traffic accident risk among professional taxi drivers in Japan.&#13;
Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from June 2022 to February 2023, involving taxi&#13;
drivers from a single company in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Presenteeism was assessed using the Work&#13;
Functioning Impairment Scale (WFun). Primary outcome involved the number of self-reported minor&#13;
traffic accidents. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of minor traffic accident occurrences was estimated using&#13;
a Poisson regression analysis, adjusted for confounders including sex, age, and driving experience.&#13;
Results: Of 838 targeted drivers, 435 were included in the analysis. Higher baseline work functioning&#13;
impairment was associated with a significant trend of increasing IRR of minor traffic accidents (p for&#13;
trend ¼ 0.045). A dose-response relationship was seen between the degree of presenteeism and incidence rate of minor traffic accidents.&#13;
Conclusion: Higher levels of presenteeism were associated with an increased risk of traffic accidents&#13;
among taxi drivers. The findings underscore the need for socio-economic support and prioritized health&#13;
management to mitigate traffic accident risk among professional drivers. This study highlights the&#13;
importance of managing non-critical health issues alongside serious health conditions for safer driving&#13;
practices among professional drivers in Japan</text>
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,&#13;
Yoshihisa Fujino</text>
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                <text>1Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan 2Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan&#13;
3Department of Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan</text>
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                <text>FAJAR BAGUS W</text>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 15 Issue 2 2024</text>
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Impact factors&#13;
Multinomial logit model&#13;
Worker safet</text>
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                <text> Workers are often exposed to hazardous heat due to their work environment, leading to&#13;
various injuries. As a result of climate change, heat-related injuries (HRIs) are becoming more problematic. This study aims to identify critical contributing factors to the severity of occupational HRIs.&#13;
Methods: This study analyzed historical injury reports from the Occupational Safety and Health&#13;
Administration (OSHA). Contributing factors to the severity of HRIs were identified using text mining and&#13;
model-free machine learning methods. The Multinomial Logit Model (MNL) was applied to explore the&#13;
relationship between impact factors and the severity of HRIs.&#13;
Results: The results indicated a higher risk of fatal HRIs among middle-aged, older, and male workers,&#13;
particularly in the construction, service, manufacturing, and agriculture industries. In addition, a higher&#13;
heat index, collapses, heart attacks, and fall accidents increased the severity of HRIs, while symptoms&#13;
such as dehydration, dizziness, cramps, faintness, and vomiting reduced the likelihood of fatal HRIs.&#13;
Conclusions: The severity of HRIs was significantly influenced by factors like workers’ age, gender, industry type, heat index , symptoms, and secondary injuries. The findings underscore the need for tailored&#13;
preventive strategies and training across different worker groups to mitigate HRIs risks</text>
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                <text>Safety Automation and Visualization Environment (SAVE) Laboratory, Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, University of&#13;
Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA</text>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 15 Issue 2 2024</text>
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Suitability and Readability</text>
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Literacy&#13;
Readability&#13;
Safety data sheets&#13;
Suitabilit</text>
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                <text> Safety data sheets (SDSs) are hazard communication materials that accompany chemicals/&#13;
hazardous products in the workplace. Many SDSs contain dense, technical text, which places considerable comprehension demands on workers, especially those with lower literacy skills. The goal of this&#13;
study was to assess SDSs for readability, comprehensibility, and suitability (i.e., fit to the target audience).&#13;
Methods: The Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) tool assessed SDSs for suitability and readability.&#13;
We then amended the SAM tool to further assess SDSs for comprehensibility factors. Both the original&#13;
and amended SAM tool were used to score 45 randomly selected SDSs for content, literacy demand,&#13;
graphics, and layout/typography.&#13;
Results: SDSs performed poorly in terms of readability, suitability, and comprehensibility. The mean&#13;
readability scores were FlescheKincaid Grade Level (9.6), Gunning Fog index (11.0), ColemaneLiau index&#13;
(13.7), and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook index (10.7), all above the recommended reading level. The&#13;
original SAM graded SDSs as “not suitable” for suitability and readability. When the amended SAM was&#13;
used, the mean total SAM score increased, but the SDSs were still considered “not suitable” when adding&#13;
comprehensibility considerations. The amended SAM tool better identified content-related issues&#13;
specific to SDSs that make it difficult for a reader to understand the material.&#13;
Conclusions: In terms of readability, comprehensibility, and suitability, SDSs perform poorly in their&#13;
primary role as a hazard communication tool, therefore, putting workers at risk. The amended SAM tool&#13;
could be u</text>
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                <text>Kevin Ho*, Thomas Tenkate</text>
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                <text>School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada</text>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 15 Issue 2 2024</text>
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                <text>Relationship Between Companies’ Responses to Near-Miss Reports&#13;
and Turnover Intentions of Workers: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional&#13;
Study</text>
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                <text>Near-miss&#13;
Response&#13;
Safety climate&#13;
Turnover intention&#13;
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                <text>Effective near-miss management is important in preventing workplace accidents. A company’s inadequate response to near-miss reports can lead workers to feel insecure and dissatisfied with&#13;
the company. We investigated the relationship between companies’ responses to near-miss reports and&#13;
turnover intentions of workers.&#13;
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using online self-administered questionnaire survey to&#13;
workers aged �20 years in Japan in March 2022. The analysis included 5,071 participants who had nearmiss experiences and reported them to their companies. The independent variable was companies’ responses to near-miss reports, classified into three categories: adequate response group, inadequate&#13;
response group, and no response group. The dependent variable was turnover intentions. We calculated&#13;
the odds ratio and 95% confidential interval (CI) using multilevel logistic regression analyses nested for&#13;
industries and adjusted for covariates.&#13;
Results: Of the 5,071 participants, 3,058 (60.3%) were adequate response group, 1,484 (29.3%) were&#13;
inadequate response group, and 529 (10.4%) were no response group. In multivariable adjusted model,&#13;
compared with adequate response group, the odds ratio of inadequate response group and no response&#13;
group were 1.80 (95% CI: 1.56e2.08) and 2.63 (95% CI: 2.15e3.22), respectively.&#13;
Conclusion: Our results suggested that there was a relationship between companies’ responses to the&#13;
near-miss reports and turnover intentions of workers. It is important not only to collect near-misses but&#13;
also to respond appropriately to the reports and provide feedback to workers</text>
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                <text>Ayaka Yamamoto 1&#13;
, Tomohisa Nagata 1,*, Kiminori Odagami 1&#13;
, Nuri Purwito Adi 1,2&#13;
,&#13;
Masako Nagata 3&#13;
, Koji Mori</text>
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                <text>Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental&#13;
Health, Japan&#13;
2Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia&#13;
3Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan</text>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 15 Issue 2 2024</text>
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                <text>Time Trend of Occupational Noise-induced Hearing Loss in a&#13;
Metallurgical Plant With a Hearing Conservation Program</text>
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                <text>Hearing loss&#13;
Noise-induced&#13;
Occupational health&#13;
Time series</text>
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                <text>This study aimed to analyze the trend of occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL)&#13;
in Brazilian workers at a metallurgical plant with a hearing conservation program (HCP), which has been&#13;
addressed in a previous study.&#13;
Methods: All 152 workers in this time series (20032018) participated in the HCP and used personal&#13;
protective equipment. All annual audiometry records in the company’s software were collected from the&#13;
electronic database. The trend of ONIHL was analyzed with the joinpoint regression model. The hearing&#13;
thresholds of ONIHL cases at the end of the series were compared with those found in a national&#13;
reference study.&#13;
Results: The binaural mean hearing thresholds at 3, 4, and 6 kHz at the end of the series were higher for&#13;
ages �50 years, exposures �85 dB (A), time since admission &gt;20 years, and maintenance workers.&#13;
Significance was found only in the group divided by age. There was an increasing time trend of ONIHL,&#13;
though with a low percentage variation for the period (AAPC ¼ 3.5%; p ¼ 0.01). Hearing thresholds in this&#13;
study differed from the reference one.&#13;
Conclusion: Despite the unmet expectation of a stationary trend in the study period, the time pace of&#13;
ONIHL evolution did not follow what was expected for a population exposed to noise. These findings&#13;
signal to the scientific community and public authorities that good ONIHL control is possible when HCP is&#13;
well implemented.</text>
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                <text>Adalva V. Couto Lopes *, Cleide F. Teixeira , Mirella B.R. Vilela , Maria L.L.T. de Lima</text>
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Webtoons&#13;
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                <text> Webtoon, a digital form of comics created in the Republic of Korea, has spread widely with&#13;
advantages that anyone can become a cartoonist and that autonomy of creation is guaranteed. The&#13;
purpose of this study is to identify the working conditions of webtoon writers and analyze the relationship between these conditions and depressive symptoms.&#13;
Methods: A survey was carried out on webtoon writers and a survey data of 312 webtoon writers were&#13;
analyzed. The questionnaire included basic socio-demographic characteristics, webtoon writers’&#13;
contractual type, fields of activity (webtoon creator, story writer, illustrator), and working environment&#13;
(labor discretion etc.). We investigated depressive symptoms and analyzed its relation to the work&#13;
environment of webtoon writers.&#13;
Results: Webtoon writers were exposed to long working hours, high labor intensity, limited labor&#13;
discretion, negative comments from readers, and had a high prevalence of depressive symptoms.&#13;
Compared to story writers who contracted directly with platforms, story writers and the illustrators who&#13;
contracted with content providers (CPs) were 9.51 times (OR ¼ 9.51, 95% CI ¼ 1.47 - 61.33) and 6.47 times&#13;
(OR ¼ 6.47, 95% CI ¼ 1.08 e 38.75) more likely to have depressive symptoms, respectively.&#13;
Conclusions: This study emphasizes the urgent necessity to improve the overall working environment in&#13;
the webtoon industry and implement measures to tackle the escalating mental health challenges faced&#13;
by illustrators and story writers contracted with CPs, especially given the increasing popularity of novel&#13;
comic</text>
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                <text>Jinwoo Lee 1,2&#13;
, Jeehee Min 3&#13;
, Yu Min Lee 4&#13;
, Min Young Park 5&#13;
, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim 5,*</text>
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                <text>1Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School of the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of&#13;
Korea&#13;
2 Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanil General Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea&#13;
3Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea&#13;
4Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea&#13;
5Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic&#13;
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