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                <text>Addressing Migrant Worker Housing―From Structural Neglect to&#13;
Strategic Policy Action</text>
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                <text>housing policy&#13;
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migrant workers&#13;
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                <text>Schawanya K. Rattanapitoon 1,*, Natnapa H. Padchasuwan 2&#13;
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,&#13;
Nathkapach K. Rattanapitoon 1</text>
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                <text> FMC Medical Center of Thailand, Nakhonratchasima, Thailand 2 Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand 3 International University, Phnom Penh, Cambodia</text>
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                <text>economic stability&#13;
gender disparities&#13;
labor inequality&#13;
occupational health&#13;
worker health protection</text>
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                <text>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a critical public health challenge globally. While&#13;
tobacco smoking is the most recognized risk factor, occupational exposures―especially to vapors, gases,&#13;
dusts, and fumes (VGDF)―are increasingly acknowledged as substantial contributors. This study offers a&#13;
secondary reanalysis of publicly available Canadian data, originally collected through the occupational&#13;
disease surveillance system (ODSS), to investigate COPD risk across diverse occupational sectors and&#13;
gender strata. By transforming the original hazard ratio data into intuitive visual representations―including scatter plots, histograms, violin plots, and bar charts―we expose previously overlooked gender disparities and risk clusters. Notably, female workers in cleaning, textile, and food&#13;
preparation services face equally high or even elevated risks compared to men in construction or&#13;
manufacturing. Our findings underscore methodological limitations in prior studies―such as insufficient detail in indirect smoking adjustment, reliance on outdated occupational coding systems, and lack&#13;
of individual-level variables―and emphasize the need for gender-sensitive surveillance, policy-oriented&#13;
communication, and international data-sharing frameworks. This study reframes occupational COPD&#13;
not only as a biomedical condition but as a social justice issue shaped by labor inequality and surveillance blind spots</text>
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                <text>1Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Monash Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Research Hub (M-CRInfra), School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia 3Director of Gastroenterology, Nanzheng District People’s Hospital, Hanzhong, China</text>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 16 Issue 4 2025</text>
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                <text>Association of Concurrent Clusters of Physical Inactivity and&#13;
Unhealthy Lifestyle Habits with Common Mental Disorders among&#13;
Primary Healthcare Workers: Insights from a large sample crosssectional analysis in Brazil</text>
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                <text>Anxiety&#13;
Depression&#13;
Health personnel&#13;
Sedentary behavior&#13;
Workplace physical activity</text>
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                <text> Common mental disorders (CMDs) are highly prevalent worldwide. Leisure time physical&#13;
inactivity (LTPI) is a key modifiable behavior increasingly recognized for its contribution to CMD risk,&#13;
alongside tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and nonparticipation in social activities (NPSA). Despite&#13;
this, most studies examine these lifestyle factors individually rather than investigating their concurrent&#13;
clustering and combined impact on mental health.&#13;
Objective: To examine the association between clusters of unhealthy lifestyle habits centered on LTPI&#13;
and CMDs among primary healthcare workers (PHCWs) in the state of Bahia, Brazil.&#13;
Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of 3,343 PHCWs was conducted. CMDs were screened with the Self-Report&#13;
Questionnaire-20. Unhealthy behaviors (LTPI, tobacco use, alcohol use, and NPSA) were analyzed individually&#13;
and as clusters (observed/expected ratios). Associations with CMDs were estimated via logistic regression.&#13;
Results: Participants were predominantly female (78.9%); 57.1% were ≤40 years. Prevalences were as&#13;
follows: LTPI: 56.6%, tobacco: 6.2%, alcohol: 37.3%, NPSA: 61.3%; and CMDs: 22.6%. LTPI [odds ratio&#13;
(OR) = 1.56; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23—1.99], and NPSA (OR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.27—2.03) were&#13;
independently associated with CMDs. The LTPI + NPSA cluster showed higher odds of CMDs (OR = 1.73;&#13;
95% CI: 1.29—2.31). Clustering patterns also revealed combinations involving LTPI and tobacco use.&#13;
Conclusion: CMDs among PHCWs are linked not only to single behaviors but to clusters centered on&#13;
LTPI, particularly when combined with social isolation. Mental health strategies in primary care settings&#13;
should prioritize increasing leisure time physical activity and social engagement alongside broader&#13;
lifestyle risk reduction</text>
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                <text>Fernanda Queiroz Rego de Sousa Lopes 1&#13;
, Saulo Vasconcelos Rocha 2&#13;
,&#13;
Clarice Alves dos Santos 2&#13;
, Jules Ramon Brito Teixeira 1&#13;
, Ana Luisa Patrão 3,4&#13;
,&#13;
Sónia Brito-Costa 5,6,7&#13;
, Rafael N. Rodrigues 8&#13;
, Francisco Campos 7,8&#13;
,&#13;
Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado 5,7,8,*, Tânia Maria de Araújo 9&#13;
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                <text>1 State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil 2 State University of Southwest Bahia, Health Sector II, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil 3 Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto (FPCEUP), Portugal 4 Center for Psychology at University of Porto (CPUP), Portugal 5 Polytechnic University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 6 INED - Center for Research and Innovation in Education, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal 7 SPRINT - Sport Physical Activity and health Research &amp; INnovation cenTer, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Portugal 8 Center for Studies on Natural Resources, Environment, and Society (CERNAS), Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 9 Epidemiology Unit - State University of Feira de Santana, Brazil</text>
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                <text>Fajar Bagus Wijanarko</text>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 16 Issue 4 2025</text>
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                <text>Role-clarity, Attitudes, and Behavioral Control Predict Stakeholders’&#13;
Involvement in Work-related Psychosocial Risk Management</text>
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                <text>Longitudinal&#13;
Occupational health and safety&#13;
Psychosocial risks&#13;
Theory of planned behavior</text>
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                <text>Alarming numbers of workers report mental health harm caused by work-related factors,&#13;
necessitating better psychosocial risk (PSR) management practices in workplaces. This study uses the&#13;
theory of planned behavior as a framework to understand the factors that influence key stakeholders’&#13;
level of involvement in work-related PSR management practices.&#13;
Methods: Quantitative data were collected at two time points (T1 and T2) by surveying participants&#13;
working in occupational health and safety and related roles in New Zealand. A path analysis was used to&#13;
assess the effect of perceived behavioral control, perceived organizational norms, and attitudes on&#13;
behavioral intention and subsequent involvement in PSR management processes. Potential moderators&#13;
(role-clarity, role-conflict, and access to resources) of the intention—behavior relationship were also&#13;
assessed.&#13;
Results: Participants’ attitude and perceived behavioral control were significant predictors of their&#13;
intention to be involved in PSR management practices at T1. Perceived organizational norms did not&#13;
predict intention. Participants’ intention at T1 was predictive of their level of involvement at T2.&#13;
Intention mediated the relationship between attitude, perceived behavioral control, and behavior. There&#13;
were no significant moderation effects acting on the intention—behavior relationship; however, roleclarity had a direct effect on behavior.&#13;
Conclusion: The results illuminate factors that can be leveraged to support key stakeholders to take an&#13;
active role in addressing work-related PSRs. This has implications for leaders and organizations wanting&#13;
to build capability and support people working in occupational health and safety and related roles to&#13;
manage PSR</text>
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, Sanna K. Malinen 2</text>
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                <text> School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand 2UC Business School, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand</text>
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                <text>21 October 2025&#13;
</text>
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                <text>Fajar Bagus Wijanarko</text>
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            <element elementId="50">
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              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 16 Issue 4 2025</text>
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                <text>Investigating the Impact of Prolonged Exposure to Low Psychosocial&#13;
Safety Climate on Serious Depressive Symptoms</text>
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                <text>Accumulative effects&#13;
Depressive symptoms&#13;
Prolonged exposure&#13;
Psychological well-being&#13;
Psychosocial safety climate</text>
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                <text> Previous research has shown that the organization’s psychosocial safety climate (PSC) is&#13;
crucial for protecting workers’ psychological well-being. In this study, we sought to understand how&#13;
different exposure [prolonged (long-term) vs. short-term] to low levels of PSC affects new future&#13;
depressive symptoms.&#13;
Methods: Three waves of data from 1,160 full-time workers were used to analyze the effect of prolonged&#13;
exposure to low PSC over two to three years on depressive symptoms and the emergence of new&#13;
depressive symptoms, after excluding depressed cases at the baseline. Additionally, we tested the effects&#13;
of short-term low PSC exposure.&#13;
Results: Data were analyzed using SPSS and binomial logistic regression. Results showed that prolonged&#13;
low PSC increased the risk of developing new depressive symptoms fourfold in the next three to four&#13;
years (OR = 4.02, p &lt; 0.001). Short-term low PSC exposure tripled the risk of newly developed&#13;
depression (OR = 3.03, p &lt; 0.001).&#13;
Conclusion: Future research should consider prolonged effects of exposure to low PSC. To prevent future&#13;
depressive symptoms, it is important to build and improve PSC in the organizations to prevent the&#13;
accumulative deleterious effects on workers’’ psychological health</text>
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                <text>Ali Afsharian *, May Young Loh , Maureen Frances Dollard</text>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 16 Issue 4 2025</text>
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                <text>Experiences of Workplace Bullying Among Workers With Workrelated Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Qualitative Assessment Using&#13;
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musculoskeletal disorders&#13;
Negative Acts Questionnaire&#13;
qualitative study&#13;
Taiwan</text>
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                <text>Previous studies suggest that workers with disabilities are susceptible to workplace&#13;
bullying. Additionally, research indicates that filing compensation claims can strain employer&#13;
—employee relationships. This study investigates experiences of workplace bullying among workers&#13;
diagnosed with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs).&#13;
Methods: Qualitative interview data from 11 male and 10 female workers with physician-diagnosed&#13;
WRMSDs were analyzed using the constructs of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised, which encompasses three domains: work-related bullying (7 items), personal bullying (12 items), and physically&#13;
intimidating bullying (3 items). Their self-rated health and psychological status were also evaluated.&#13;
Results: Among the 21 workers, 10 experienced at least one form of workplace bullying. The most&#13;
commonly reported form was “pressure not to claim something to which you are entitled” (9 workers),&#13;
followed by “hints or signals from others that you should quit your job” (5 workers), “having your&#13;
opinions ignored” (3 workers), and “being given unmanageable workloads” (3 workers). Workers who&#13;
experienced workplace bullying were more likely to report poor health and psychological distress.&#13;
Conclusion: Occupational health professionals should pay close attention to the nature, forms, and&#13;
impacts of negative behaviors experienced by workers with WRMSDs. Appropriate interventions should&#13;
be implemented to address conflicts between workers and management arising from work-related&#13;
disabilities and to better support workers in their rehabilitation process.</text>
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, Po-Han Lee 1,4&#13;
, Yawen Cheng 1,5,*</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="128741">
                <text>1 Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan 2Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine and Management, Taiwan 3 Center for Drug Evaluation, Taiwan 4Global Health Program, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan 5Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan&#13;
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                <text> 13 September 2025&#13;
</text>
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                <text>Fajar Bagus Wijanarko</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 16 Issue 4 2025</text>
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                <text>Job Loss and Early-onset Dementia Risk in Middle-aged Adults:&#13;
A Longitudinal Study</text>
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                <text>cognitive decline&#13;
early onset dementia&#13;
job loss&#13;
middle aged workers&#13;
occupational health</text>
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                <text> Early-onset dementia poses a significant public health challenge, particularly due to its&#13;
profound impact on working-age individuals (under 65 years). This study investigated the association&#13;
between job loss and early-onset dementia in middle-aged adults in Republic of Korea.&#13;
Methods: Using National Health Insurance Service data in the Republic of Korea, we analyzed participants aged 45—54 years who were employed by private companies and who underwent health&#13;
checkups between 2009 and 2010. Early job loss was defined as involuntary unemployment within two&#13;
years of the 2011 index date. The primary outcome was incident dementia, identified using both International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) codes and antidementia medication use. Adjusted&#13;
hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. Subgroup analyses were&#13;
conducted by age, household income, residential region, company size, and industrial sector.&#13;
Results: Among 1,130,665 participants (mean age 49.2 ± 2.82 years, follow-up of 14.02 years), earlyonset dementia occurred in 3,748 individuals. Of these, 580 cases were from the job loss group&#13;
(n = 98,504) and 3,168 cases were from the remaining employed group (n = 1,032,161). Job loss was&#13;
significantly associated with an increased risk of early-onset dementia in both males (adjusted HR: 1.75;&#13;
95% confidence interval, 1.57—1.95) and females (adjusted HR: 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.27—1.78).&#13;
Subgroup analyses identified a higher dementia risk among low-income individuals, particularly in&#13;
males under 50, females over 50, and those employed in the primary industrial sector.&#13;
Conclusion: Job loss was significantly associated with an increased risk of early-onset dementia,&#13;
particularly among males, after adjusting for multiple demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related&#13;
covariates.</text>
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                <text>Heejoo Park 1&#13;
, Jian Lee 1&#13;
, Youngsun Park 1&#13;
, Juho Sim 2&#13;
, Byungyoon Yun 2,3,4,*,&#13;
Jin-Ha Yoon</text>
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                <text>Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea 3 The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea 4 Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea</text>
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                <text>Fajar Bagus Wijanarko</text>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 16 Issue 4 2025</text>
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Stress Scale (KOSS): A Machine Learning Approach</text>
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                <text>Burnout syndrome&#13;
Machine learning&#13;
Mental health&#13;
Occupational stress&#13;
SHAP</text>
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                <text> Changes in the workplace have increased occupational stress, leading to health issues such&#13;
as burnout syndrome (BOS), which results from poorly managed chronic workplace stress. The Korean&#13;
Burnout Syndrome Scale (KBOSS) has been used to diagnose these issues, but its stigma and decreased&#13;
compliance with application have limited its widespread use. This study aimed to develop machine&#13;
learning models to predict BOS risk from occupational stress factors and identify these influential&#13;
factors.&#13;
Methods: Using a dataset of 1,205 individuals across 40 companies, we evaluated the predictive performance of five machine learning algorithms. Each model was optimized via resampling and 5-fold grid&#13;
search cross-validation and evaluated using an ROC-AUC, balanced accuracy, overall accuracy, and F1&#13;
score. SHAP was used to quantify the contribution of each feature to the prediction, identifying key&#13;
occupational stress factors.&#13;
Results: All five models demonstrated strong predictive performance, with random forest achieving the&#13;
most balanced results across the evaluation metrics, including a ROC-AUC of 0.904. SHAP analysis&#13;
identified “Job instability” and “Lack of reward” as the most substantial BOS risk factors; “Relationship&#13;
conflict” and “Organizational system” also played important roles. Moreover, the relationship between&#13;
the SHAP values and feature values revealed critical transition points between “Agree” and “Disagree”&#13;
responses for each KOSS factor.&#13;
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that machine learning can effectively predict BOS risk based on&#13;
occupational stress factors. By enabling the early identification of at-risk employees, this approach&#13;
improves cost efficiency and offers a scalable solution for BOS risk assessment and intervention.</text>
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                <text>Hyeonju Jeong 1&#13;
, Seong-Cheol Yang 2&#13;
, Shin-Goo Park 2,3&#13;
, Inho Hong 1,*,#,&#13;
Hyung Doo Kim 4,5,*</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="128719">
                <text>1Graduate School of Data Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea 2Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea 3Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea 4Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea 5Department of Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea</text>
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                <text> 6 September 2025&#13;
</text>
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                <text>Fajar Bagus Wijanarko</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 16 Issue 4 2025</text>
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Trends in Occupational Skin Disease among Korean Workers (2006—&#13;
2017): Insights Into Declining Prevalence and Demographic Shifts</text>
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          <element elementId="49">
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                <text>epidemiology&#13;
Korean working conditions survey&#13;
occupational dermatitis&#13;
occupational skin disease&#13;
prevalence trend</text>
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                <text> Occupational skin diseases (OSDs) are among the most common work-related illnesses and&#13;
impose a significant socioeconomic burden. While improvements in workplace environments have been&#13;
noted in the Republic of Korea over the past two decades, research investigating long-term trends in&#13;
OSD prevalence remains limited.&#13;
Methods: This study analyzed the 2006—2017 Republic of Korea Working Conditions Survey (KWCS)&#13;
data to examine temporal trends in self-reported 1-year prevalence of OSDs among Korean workers.&#13;
OSD was identified based on self-reported skin symptoms and perceived work-relatedness. Sociodemographic, occupational characteristics, and hazardous factor exposure were assessed using&#13;
descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and Pearson’s correlation.&#13;
Results: The self-reported 1-year prevalence of OSD significantly declined from 5.03% in 2006 to 0.67%&#13;
in 2017 (p &lt; 0.001). Demographically, the proportion of older workers (≥60 years) among OSD cases&#13;
increased. OSD remained concentrated in small-scale workplaces and personal protective equipment&#13;
(PPE)-required occupations. Notably, 1-year OSD prevalence declined among those using PPE and&#13;
workers informed on occupational safety and health. Industrial shifts were observed, with a growing&#13;
proportion of cases in primary sectors such as agriculture and forestry, while prevalence declined in&#13;
manufacturing and construction. Despite these trends, the proportion of OSD cases exposed to high and&#13;
low temperatures and chemical skin contact increased over time.&#13;
Conclusion: Despite self-reported OSD’s overall decline in the Republic of Korea, emerging challenges&#13;
like increased exposure in vulnerable groups and shifts to higher-risk industries persist. Our findings&#13;
underscore the need for targeted prevention, continuous monitoring, and robust research to address&#13;
evolving occupational skin health</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="128696">
                <text>Jong-Sun Park 1,q, Eun-Kee Park 2,q, Hee-Kyoo Kim 3&#13;
, Gil-Soon Choi 3,*</text>
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                <text>1Organization &amp; Budget Department, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan, Republic of Korea 2Department of Preventive Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea 3Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea</text>
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                <text>Occupational Toxic Effect Episodes in a University Hospital,&#13;
2021—2024: A Descriptive Analysis Within the Korean&#13;
Occupational Disease Surveillance Cente</text>
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occupational diseases&#13;
occupational exposure&#13;
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                <text>Toxic effects due to occupational exposures are a substantial yet underreported public&#13;
health issue. This descriptive study investigated 532 toxic exposure episodes from January 2021 to June&#13;
2024 at a single university hospital in the Republic of Korea, identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes T51—T70.&#13;
Methods: Food- and medication-related cases were excluded. Two physicians classified each exposure&#13;
as occupational cause, self-harm, or another cause. Occupational cases comprised 15.0% (n = 80); selfharm, 18.4% (n = 98); and other causes, 66.5% (n = 354).&#13;
Results: Seasonal trends in Loess decomposition revealed a peak incidence from July to September,&#13;
largely driven by insect bites. A Bayesian segmented Poisson regression showed that occupational episodes decreased by 34% monthly prior to the establishment of the Korean Occupational Disease Surveillance Center in April 2022 but increased by 48% thereafter.&#13;
Conclusion: These findings underscore the need for increased surveillance and cross-sector collaboration to improve the detection, prevention, and reporting of occupational poisoning, with the Korean&#13;
Occupational Disease Surveillance Center playing a pivotal role in strengthening occupational health&#13;
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, Jei Kim 3&#13;
, Tae-Won Jang 3,4,*</text>
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