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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 16 Issue 4 2025</text>
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                <text>Review of Successful Workplace Interventions to Mitigate&#13;
Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Poultry Processing Plant&#13;
Workers: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects</text>
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                <text>ergonomics&#13;
job rotation&#13;
poultry processing&#13;
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                <text>Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are prevalent among poultry processing workers due&#13;
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reduce WRMSDs in the poultry processing industry. Through a systematic literature search and analysis of&#13;
45 key publications, the review evaluates interventions across the National Institute for Occupational&#13;
Safety and Health hierarchy of controls, including personal protective equipment, ergonomic training, job&#13;
rotation, tool design, automation, and robotics. While industry-wide efforts have led to a significant&#13;
reduction in overall injury rates, persistent challenges remain. Job rotation often redistributes rather than&#13;
reduces risk, automation and exoskeletons face technical and acceptance barriers, and training programs&#13;
yield only temporary benefits. Economic pressures, under-reporting of injuries, and limited research on&#13;
immigrant workers further complicate progress. The review highlights the need for participatory design,&#13;
better integration of engineering controls, and expanded longitudinal studies to address persistent&#13;
WRMSD risks. Effective mitigation will require prioritizing hazard elimination and substitution, fostering&#13;
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                <text>Philip G. Crandall 1,*, Corliss A. O’Bryan 1&#13;
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,&#13;
Tomi Obe 4&#13;
, Jenny Houlroyd 5&#13;
, Trey Sawyers 5&#13;
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                <text>Food Science Department, University of Arkansas-Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA 2 Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, University of Arkansas-Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA 3 College of Engineering, University of Arkansas-Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA 4 Poultry Science, University of Arkansas-Fayetteville, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA 5 Safety, Health, Environmental Services, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA</text>
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                <text> In aging societies, maintaining a workable population is essential for sustaining and&#13;
advancing societal development. Despite similar chronological ages, health-related work limitations can&#13;
vary significantly depending on individuals’ birth years. This study investigates the effects of age, period,&#13;
and cohort (APC) on work limitations among older adults using harmonized global longitudinal&#13;
datasets.&#13;
Methods: This study analyzed data from five longitudinal aging studies: the Korean Longitudinal Study&#13;
of Aging (Republic of Korea), the Health and Retirement Study (U.S.), the English Longitudinal Study of&#13;
Ageing (U.K.), the Mexican Health and Aging Study (Mexico), and the Survey of Health, Ageing, and&#13;
Retirement in Europe (Europe). Participants aged 50—80 years with complete data on health-related&#13;
work limitations were included. APC effects were modeled using generalized additive models, allowing for the disentanglement of interdependencies among age, period, and cohort dimensions.&#13;
Results: The study included 149,814 participants across the datasets. Age effects showed increasing&#13;
odds of work limitations with advancing age across all regions. Significant cohort effects were observed&#13;
in the Republic of Korea, with newer cohorts exhibited higher work ability at equivalent ages, likely due&#13;
to advances in healthcare, improved working conditions, and positive lifestyle changes. These cohort&#13;
trends were consistent across all surveys, though their magnitudes varied.&#13;
Conclusions: Our findings indicate significant cohort effects in health-related work limitations,&#13;
demonstrating that recent cohorts include a greater proportion of workable older adults. Countryspecific variations suggest that policies tailored to national socio-economic and cultural contexts are&#13;
essential to support workforce participation among aging populations</text>
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                <text>Dong-Wook Lee 1&#13;
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,&#13;
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                <text>1Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea 2Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,&#13;
Republic of Korea 3Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, H plus Yangji Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea 4Department of Global Economics, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea&#13;
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                <text>Standardized Incidence Ratio of Melanoma by Industry Groups in&#13;
Korea</text>
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                <text>Industry&#13;
Melanoma&#13;
Occupational risk&#13;
Standardized incidence ratio</text>
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                <text>The risk of malignant skin cancer presents high diversity across at-risk social domains,&#13;
such as outdoor workers; however, studies covering all countries that could identify vulnerable social&#13;
domains of industrial classification are lacking. This study aimed to analyze the incidence of melanoma&#13;
in specific industrial groups.&#13;
Methods: In this study, we analyzed National Health Insurance claims data by dividing participants into&#13;
dynamic, baseline, and fixed cohorts according to industry definitions. The control group comprised&#13;
general workers, national and government officers/public educational officers (NRGs/PEOs). The risks to&#13;
specific industry groups are presented as age-standardized incidence ratios (SIRs).&#13;
Results: The “manufacturing of fabricated metal products, except machinery and furniture” and “electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply” industries had increased SIR compared with general&#13;
workers. The SIR increased in the “specialized construction activities,” “wholesale trade on own account&#13;
or on a fee or contract basis,” “retail trade, except motor vehicles and motorcycles,” “professional services,” “architectural, engineering, and other scientific-technical services,” and “real estate activities”&#13;
industries compared with that of NRGs/PEOs.&#13;
Conclusion: The incidence of melanoma was influenced by the proportion of outdoor workers in the&#13;
industry and sex. The results suggest that these phenomena could be prevented through suitable social&#13;
interventions.</text>
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                <text>Kihun Kim 1,q, Woo-Ri Lee 2,q, Wanhyung Lee 3&#13;
, Kyu-Tae Han 2&#13;
, Ki-Bong Yoo 4&#13;
,&#13;
Jin-ha Yoon</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="128565">
                <text>1Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea 2Division of Cancer Control and Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea 3Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 4Division of Health Administration, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea 5Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Occupational Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea</text>
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                <text> 28 July 2025</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="128567">
                <text>Fajar Bagus Wijanarko</text>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 16 Issue 4 2025</text>
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                <text>Building Diverse, Equitable, and Inclusive Organizational Culture to&#13;
Support Worker Mental Health and Wellbeing: A Qualitative Study of&#13;
Employer and Worker Perspectives in Ontario Construction Skilled&#13;
Trades</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="128592">
                <text>Construction industry&#13;
Diversity&#13;
Gender equity&#13;
Mental health&#13;
Qualitative research</text>
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                <text>This study explored Ontario construction skilled trades employer and worker perspectives&#13;
on workplace diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and the promotion of worker mental health and&#13;
wellbeing through building DEI organizational culture.&#13;
Methods: A phenomenological qualitative study was conducted. Fifty-two (N = 52) participants were&#13;
recruited and interviewed. Interview data were analyzed using a six-step thematic approach.&#13;
Results: Three themes were developed: 1) Challenges in organizational culture: participants reported that&#13;
sexism and biased beliefs on the professional competency of workers from under-represented groups&#13;
were prevalent within their organizations. Participants highlighted business leadership’s role in building&#13;
DEI organizational culture and addressing issues that have affected their organizational reputations and&#13;
worker retention. 2) Barriers to promoting DEI: a meritocratic hiring approach was identified and&#13;
restricted the opportunities for under-represented groups. Participants identified a lack of accommodations available in their workplace environment, and some reported lacking awareness of DEI-related&#13;
issues. 3) Strategies to promote DEI: participants suggested that increasing early career opportunities&#13;
could help apprentices from under-represented groups build experience and make informed career&#13;
decisions. These opportunities may also help employers understand an apprentice’s qualifications.&#13;
Establishing various resources and peer support systems to support the mental health and wellbeing of&#13;
under-represented workers was also suggested.&#13;
Conclusion: Multiple challenges existed within the current skilled trades organizational culture,&#13;
including sexism, biases, hiring barriers, and insufficient accommodations and awareness. Creating&#13;
career opportunities and social support systems is needed to address these challenges and support&#13;
worker mental health and wellbeing</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Zhiyang Shi 1&#13;
, Aaron Howe 1&#13;
, Maryam Shahzad 1,2&#13;
, Ali Bani-Fatemi 1&#13;
, Beatrice Sharkey 3&#13;
,&#13;
Behdin Nowrouzi-Kia 1</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="128596">
                <text>University of Toronto, Department of Occupational Science &amp; Occupational Therapy, Toronto, ON, Canada 2 Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada 3Ontario Electrical League, Etobicoke, ON, Canada 4 Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada 5 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada 6 Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="128597">
                <text>12 August 2025</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="128598">
                <text>Fajar Bagus Wijanarko</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="128599">
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="128600">
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="128535">
                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 16 Issue 4 2025</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Occupational Toxic Effect Episodes in a University Hospital,&#13;
2021—2024: A Descriptive Analysis Within the Korean&#13;
Occupational Disease Surveillance Cente</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="128623">
                <text>occupational disease surveillance center&#13;
occupational diseases&#13;
occupational exposure&#13;
public health surveillance&#13;
toxic effect</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Toxic effects due to occupational exposures are a substantial yet underreported public&#13;
health issue. This descriptive study investigated 532 toxic exposure episodes from January 2021 to June&#13;
2024 at a single university hospital in the Republic of Korea, identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes T51—T70.&#13;
Methods: Food- and medication-related cases were excluded. Two physicians classified each exposure&#13;
as occupational cause, self-harm, or another cause. Occupational cases comprised 15.0% (n = 80); selfharm, 18.4% (n = 98); and other causes, 66.5% (n = 354).&#13;
Results: Seasonal trends in Loess decomposition revealed a peak incidence from July to September,&#13;
largely driven by insect bites. A Bayesian segmented Poisson regression showed that occupational episodes decreased by 34% monthly prior to the establishment of the Korean Occupational Disease Surveillance Center in April 2022 but increased by 48% thereafter.&#13;
Conclusion: These findings underscore the need for increased surveillance and cross-sector collaboration to improve the detection, prevention, and reporting of occupational poisoning, with the Korean&#13;
Occupational Disease Surveillance Center playing a pivotal role in strengthening occupational health&#13;
practices</text>
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, Tae-Won Jang 3,4,*</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="128627">
                <text>Korea Occupational Diseases Surveillance Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea 3 Korea Occupational Diseases Surveillance Center, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea 4Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea</text>
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                <text>Fajar Bagus Wijanarko</text>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 16 Issue 4 2025</text>
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                <text>Trends in Occupational Skin Disease among Korean Workers (2006—&#13;
2017): Insights Into Declining Prevalence and Demographic Shifts</text>
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                <text>epidemiology&#13;
Korean working conditions survey&#13;
occupational dermatitis&#13;
occupational skin disease&#13;
prevalence trend</text>
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                <text> Occupational skin diseases (OSDs) are among the most common work-related illnesses and&#13;
impose a significant socioeconomic burden. While improvements in workplace environments have been&#13;
noted in the Republic of Korea over the past two decades, research investigating long-term trends in&#13;
OSD prevalence remains limited.&#13;
Methods: This study analyzed the 2006—2017 Republic of Korea Working Conditions Survey (KWCS)&#13;
data to examine temporal trends in self-reported 1-year prevalence of OSDs among Korean workers.&#13;
OSD was identified based on self-reported skin symptoms and perceived work-relatedness. Sociodemographic, occupational characteristics, and hazardous factor exposure were assessed using&#13;
descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and Pearson’s correlation.&#13;
Results: The self-reported 1-year prevalence of OSD significantly declined from 5.03% in 2006 to 0.67%&#13;
in 2017 (p &lt; 0.001). Demographically, the proportion of older workers (≥60 years) among OSD cases&#13;
increased. OSD remained concentrated in small-scale workplaces and personal protective equipment&#13;
(PPE)-required occupations. Notably, 1-year OSD prevalence declined among those using PPE and&#13;
workers informed on occupational safety and health. Industrial shifts were observed, with a growing&#13;
proportion of cases in primary sectors such as agriculture and forestry, while prevalence declined in&#13;
manufacturing and construction. Despite these trends, the proportion of OSD cases exposed to high and&#13;
low temperatures and chemical skin contact increased over time.&#13;
Conclusion: Despite self-reported OSD’s overall decline in the Republic of Korea, emerging challenges&#13;
like increased exposure in vulnerable groups and shifts to higher-risk industries persist. Our findings&#13;
underscore the need for targeted prevention, continuous monitoring, and robust research to address&#13;
evolving occupational skin health</text>
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                <text>Jong-Sun Park 1,q, Eun-Kee Park 2,q, Hee-Kyoo Kim 3&#13;
, Gil-Soon Choi 3,*</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="128698">
                <text>1Organization &amp; Budget Department, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan, Republic of Korea 2Department of Preventive Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea 3Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text> 23 September 2025</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="128700">
                <text>Fajar Bagus Wijanarko</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="128701">
                <text>pdf</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="128702">
                <text>english</text>
              </elementText>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="128535">
                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 16 Issue 4 2025</text>
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                <text>Predicting the Risk of Burnout Syndrome Using Korean Occupational&#13;
Stress Scale (KOSS): A Machine Learning Approach</text>
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                <text>Burnout syndrome&#13;
Machine learning&#13;
Mental health&#13;
Occupational stress&#13;
SHAP</text>
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                <text> Changes in the workplace have increased occupational stress, leading to health issues such&#13;
as burnout syndrome (BOS), which results from poorly managed chronic workplace stress. The Korean&#13;
Burnout Syndrome Scale (KBOSS) has been used to diagnose these issues, but its stigma and decreased&#13;
compliance with application have limited its widespread use. This study aimed to develop machine&#13;
learning models to predict BOS risk from occupational stress factors and identify these influential&#13;
factors.&#13;
Methods: Using a dataset of 1,205 individuals across 40 companies, we evaluated the predictive performance of five machine learning algorithms. Each model was optimized via resampling and 5-fold grid&#13;
search cross-validation and evaluated using an ROC-AUC, balanced accuracy, overall accuracy, and F1&#13;
score. SHAP was used to quantify the contribution of each feature to the prediction, identifying key&#13;
occupational stress factors.&#13;
Results: All five models demonstrated strong predictive performance, with random forest achieving the&#13;
most balanced results across the evaluation metrics, including a ROC-AUC of 0.904. SHAP analysis&#13;
identified “Job instability” and “Lack of reward” as the most substantial BOS risk factors; “Relationship&#13;
conflict” and “Organizational system” also played important roles. Moreover, the relationship between&#13;
the SHAP values and feature values revealed critical transition points between “Agree” and “Disagree”&#13;
responses for each KOSS factor.&#13;
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that machine learning can effectively predict BOS risk based on&#13;
occupational stress factors. By enabling the early identification of at-risk employees, this approach&#13;
improves cost efficiency and offers a scalable solution for BOS risk assessment and intervention.</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="128717">
                <text>Hyeonju Jeong 1&#13;
, Seong-Cheol Yang 2&#13;
, Shin-Goo Park 2,3&#13;
, Inho Hong 1,*,#,&#13;
Hyung Doo Kim 4,5,*</text>
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                <text>1Graduate School of Data Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea 2Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea 3Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea 4Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea 5Department of Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea</text>
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                <text> 6 September 2025&#13;
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                <text>Fajar Bagus Wijanarko</text>
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                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 16 Issue 4 2025</text>
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                <text>Job Loss and Early-onset Dementia Risk in Middle-aged Adults:&#13;
A Longitudinal Study</text>
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                <text>cognitive decline&#13;
early onset dementia&#13;
job loss&#13;
middle aged workers&#13;
occupational health</text>
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                <text> Early-onset dementia poses a significant public health challenge, particularly due to its&#13;
profound impact on working-age individuals (under 65 years). This study investigated the association&#13;
between job loss and early-onset dementia in middle-aged adults in Republic of Korea.&#13;
Methods: Using National Health Insurance Service data in the Republic of Korea, we analyzed participants aged 45—54 years who were employed by private companies and who underwent health&#13;
checkups between 2009 and 2010. Early job loss was defined as involuntary unemployment within two&#13;
years of the 2011 index date. The primary outcome was incident dementia, identified using both International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) codes and antidementia medication use. Adjusted&#13;
hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. Subgroup analyses were&#13;
conducted by age, household income, residential region, company size, and industrial sector.&#13;
Results: Among 1,130,665 participants (mean age 49.2 ± 2.82 years, follow-up of 14.02 years), earlyonset dementia occurred in 3,748 individuals. Of these, 580 cases were from the job loss group&#13;
(n = 98,504) and 3,168 cases were from the remaining employed group (n = 1,032,161). Job loss was&#13;
significantly associated with an increased risk of early-onset dementia in both males (adjusted HR: 1.75;&#13;
95% confidence interval, 1.57—1.95) and females (adjusted HR: 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.27—1.78).&#13;
Subgroup analyses identified a higher dementia risk among low-income individuals, particularly in&#13;
males under 50, females over 50, and those employed in the primary industrial sector.&#13;
Conclusion: Job loss was significantly associated with an increased risk of early-onset dementia,&#13;
particularly among males, after adjusting for multiple demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related&#13;
covariates.</text>
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                <text>Heejoo Park 1&#13;
, Jian Lee 1&#13;
, Youngsun Park 1&#13;
, Juho Sim 2&#13;
, Byungyoon Yun 2,3,4,*,&#13;
Jin-Ha Yoon</text>
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                <text>https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/287282/1-s2.0-S2093791125X00056/1-s2.0-S2093791125000745/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEND%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FwEaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIQDhJDigiWBrCf60TQcgw9LjHdzHDbKrgdi3gWrXtg6x4gIgEbjluG9iLyiTGB3yGWG7PfMhhoxgr4ZTIT2%2B0sak6jAqvAUImf%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARAFGgwwNTkwMDM1NDY4NjUiDNgej9PQcbHD1Qz8hyqQBXtHIzJMNNECuh8fjC0exFZq0LOtAbVjzEPFbdACrgXtHgW1fHe3tPnQpexvWiPFMJMugTNIkN5uRItMo6Qw0DsLMFtsAxiVLSDtlDeixUGtdjMPMO05m%2BiEIBZV2n77VUGoWaX5WpK4zx6KqpmV0Z1sf%2BbWxET%2BlhPRCQGgFVOWJUbzFlJOM1XLoZiWr59hYCj86idTv1KNVGu%2BzXBdKfWX9aNEiBiLEExaz8S3lkZgPW4Omyy4YwAErN2jEnI8spnhp3LR7JYtFK16G4%2FPIsUO7OUyyJC1pfI4aSMwLNXxbSBmTZ5SevKhQ2etsQuNrcriY%2F7XUpcPBkUW3wdHuMyV2mkK5YlYx5MqlQX5ZZcfH2BppNjD3mChdeAift3WelzZb78aiJP3c576xScHcCTCOu2ZVo5Gd07BLqW%2B%2B7OHbu0V9H9NQnbeX1aTLwg%2FBESprnRXhKRHw5Yjvc%2BeTPzvuw0NPohIRpAop%2BOWAbeh3g3dtvTcOMFRVShOtt8KMfWvLEMFDZTlsTh2V1GgIGDUsaJBbDR204HBUWCTosujUD9DPpfKvNtvn4JlUYcEfVw3rE%2By4hhs4TcGNBYSdVDfCHsidMdUYwKOusYAMLZXqZvjQ6V%2FO3lZCIeMXXIiHZEr66Yx5PlC%2Be2I9JCPyWHBOF0FS%2FBtyisBD3jJ0Ys%2B8ArT70wgwxR81N%2F8gpgDTxxcNdiBmbBDPdy8nH8Sk1B2kfiv7SHqwmv3t1FjK3gEWLXxOBkZG22%2BCCNlSbOW27V4olc%2BrvRVYrpUupQoCs1sWWpS5%2BBWfhKaXRzsja8Kmz9jlYSjOAAkd3cOxUHU4hB79dD6ps45wRzz8Z%2BWLuKXt7340CoRhskISS5UP4MsMKugms0GOrEBZBi0KWuIrFSa%2Bmq1L3sh1%2FBZszJmuU4hJfyxr%2BIlOr452GoUWCVuHRlRCAWFz3hJUe8sIPGqYhxT%2FtgT4kOC6XI%2F7IM%2FOIZBXRocYZW9C33Dii%2BsIc692cKCUN2wetoMylQ%2FDbshc%2FJjUGmoPrJuw2d%2BZ6CE%2Bgn7mWON77jzyFvjFTU%2FN6P%2BdUVYrCWk0rUxrVUN4nt29lP6RsU%2FfPyr%2BCj4%2FzzvWdJxTWHxWtaL8r8W&amp;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Date=20260303T081631Z&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Expires=300&amp;X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTY2VI7MHNP%2F20260303%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-Signature=43b8c3344d93f34524c90028e213dcd32068176cf2fc73e30e57094933e21a7d&amp;hash=ca3405ed1c775a44d9565deed34269a50352eb029992c3bca9d9a9b5db22ee5d&amp;host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&amp;pii=S2093791125000745&amp;tid=spdf-47e9f7fb-b1a5-42a7-b028-616e7eb523b7&amp;sid=2ded17629244b949e60afc0450ecf4110ca9gxrqa&amp;type=client&amp;tsoh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&amp;rh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&amp;ua=0b015e065155525451&amp;rr=9d673311693a6d12&amp;cc=id</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="128730">
                <text>Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea 3 The Institute for Occupational Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea 4 Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Republic of Korea</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>12 September 2025</text>
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            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="128732">
                <text>Fajar Bagus Wijanarko</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="128733">
                <text>pdf</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>english</text>
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          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="128535">
                  <text>Safety and Health at Work Vol. 16 Issue 4 2025</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
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      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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    <elementSetContainer>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="128736">
                <text>Experiences of Workplace Bullying Among Workers With Workrelated Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Qualitative Assessment Using&#13;
the Negative Acts Questionnaire</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="128737">
                <text>bullying&#13;
musculoskeletal disorders&#13;
Negative Acts Questionnaire&#13;
qualitative study&#13;
Taiwan</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="128738">
                <text>Previous studies suggest that workers with disabilities are susceptible to workplace&#13;
bullying. Additionally, research indicates that filing compensation claims can strain employer&#13;
—employee relationships. This study investigates experiences of workplace bullying among workers&#13;
diagnosed with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs).&#13;
Methods: Qualitative interview data from 11 male and 10 female workers with physician-diagnosed&#13;
WRMSDs were analyzed using the constructs of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised, which encompasses three domains: work-related bullying (7 items), personal bullying (12 items), and physically&#13;
intimidating bullying (3 items). Their self-rated health and psychological status were also evaluated.&#13;
Results: Among the 21 workers, 10 experienced at least one form of workplace bullying. The most&#13;
commonly reported form was “pressure not to claim something to which you are entitled” (9 workers),&#13;
followed by “hints or signals from others that you should quit your job” (5 workers), “having your&#13;
opinions ignored” (3 workers), and “being given unmanageable workloads” (3 workers). Workers who&#13;
experienced workplace bullying were more likely to report poor health and psychological distress.&#13;
Conclusion: Occupational health professionals should pay close attention to the nature, forms, and&#13;
impacts of negative behaviors experienced by workers with WRMSDs. Appropriate interventions should&#13;
be implemented to address conflicts between workers and management arising from work-related&#13;
disabilities and to better support workers in their rehabilitation process.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="128739">
                <text>Ching-Yu Lin 1,2&#13;
, Pei-Hua Chung 1,3&#13;
, Po-Han Lee 1,4&#13;
, Yawen Cheng 1,5,*</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>1 Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan 2Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine and Management, Taiwan 3 Center for Drug Evaluation, Taiwan 4Global Health Program, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan 5Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan&#13;
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Prolonged exposure&#13;
Psychological well-being&#13;
Psychosocial safety climate</text>
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                <text> Previous research has shown that the organization’s psychosocial safety climate (PSC) is&#13;
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different exposure [prolonged (long-term) vs. short-term] to low levels of PSC affects new future&#13;
depressive symptoms.&#13;
Methods: Three waves of data from 1,160 full-time workers were used to analyze the effect of prolonged&#13;
exposure to low PSC over two to three years on depressive symptoms and the emergence of new&#13;
depressive symptoms, after excluding depressed cases at the baseline. Additionally, we tested the effects&#13;
of short-term low PSC exposure.&#13;
Results: Data were analyzed using SPSS and binomial logistic regression. Results showed that prolonged&#13;
low PSC increased the risk of developing new depressive symptoms fourfold in the next three to four&#13;
years (OR = 4.02, p &lt; 0.001). Short-term low PSC exposure tripled the risk of newly developed&#13;
depression (OR = 3.03, p &lt; 0.001).&#13;
Conclusion: Future research should consider prolonged effects of exposure to low PSC. To prevent future&#13;
depressive symptoms, it is important to build and improve PSC in the organizations to prevent the&#13;
accumulative deleterious effects on workers’’ psychological health</text>
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                <text>Ali Afsharian *, May Young Loh , Maureen Frances Dollard</text>
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