1 10 198 https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/ef0532776c898502fb49f73eb58fd49b.pdf a8a3483b496c488d3124b431198e34a1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 17 Issue 1 2024 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Learning Urogenital Diseases in Oddity (LUDO)—a gamification‐based innovation for learning urogenital diseases in emergency medicine Subject The topic of the resource Gamification, Emergency medicine, LUDO, Urogenital diseases, Teamwork Description An account of the resource Urogenital emergencies demand immediate attention within the field of emergency medicine, encompassing a range of critical conditions from ectopic pregnancies to kidney stones. Timely diagnosis and treatment are vital to prevent potential mortality and morbidity. However, due to the sensitive nature of these disorders and the cultural taboos surrounding them, accessing prompt medical care can be challenging. To bridge this gap, innovative gamifi- cation-based learning techniques, such as the Learning Urogenital Diseases in Oddity (LUDO), have been introduced for emergency medicine residents (Chou, What is gamification? Yukai Chou: Gamification and behavioral design, n.d.; Gamification ’13: Proceedings of the first international conference on gameful design, research, and applications, 2013). LUDO is a timed, gamified exercise that offers residents an interactive and engaging platform to enhance their clinical knowledge related to urogenital disorders. Adapted from the well-known board game, LUDO fosters learning, collabo- ration, and cooperation among residents. This format is highly customizable and can be utilized by various learning groups. Participants, emergency medicine residents from different academic years, formed four teams, each distinguished by a unique color. The exercise utilized simple and accessible materials, including a LUDO board, LED stopwatch, lap- top, colored hats, and a desk bell. Teams advanced their tokens through the board by correctly answering urogenital disorder-related questions within a specified time frame. LUDO’s objectives extended beyond token movement, assessing essential skills such as teamwork, time manage- ment, resource utilization, and strategic decision-making. The option to seek external resources, limited to five times per team, added an element of strategy. Facilitators evaluated participants’ performance through questionnaires and Likert scales. The results revealed that LUDO effectively promoted teamwork, communication, leadership, and problem-solving among emergency medicine residents. Resident feedback was overwhelmingly positive, with interest in adopting this format for other educational modules. The gamified approach encouraged engagement and motivation, with imme- diate feedback ensuring continuous learning. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Asjad Mallick1* and Shahan Waheed2 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-023-00567-0 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Gamification, Emergency medicine, LUDO, Urogenital diseases, Teamwork https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/03ba302299ffd88b3e8feb4f25960a12.pdf df2f8531a21dae5e5a955ed132742a8d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 17 Issue 1 2024 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergency department contribution to HCV elimination in the Iberian Peninsula Subject The topic of the resource HCV, Emergency department, Screening, Diagnosis Description An account of the resource Background Undiagnosed cases of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection result in significant morbidity and mortality, further transmission, and increased public health costs. Testing in emergency departments (EDs) is an opportunity to expand HCV screening. The goal of this project was to increase the proportion of eligible patients screened for HCV in urban areas. Methods An opportunistic automated HCV screening program was implemented in the EDs of 4 public hospitals in Spain and Portugal at different periods between 2018 and 2023. HCV prevalence was prospectively evaluated, and single-step or reflex testing was used for confirmation in the same sample. Results More than 90% of the population eligible for testing were screened in the participating centers. We found HCV antibody seroprevalence rates ranging from 0.6 to 3.9%, with between 19 and 53% of viremic individuals. Conclusions Opportunistic HCV screening in EDs is feasible, does not disrupt ED activities, is highly effective in increasing diagnosis, and contributes to WHO’s HCV elimination goals. Keywords HCV, Emergency department, Screening, Diagnosis Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maria Buti1*, Inês Vaz‐Pinto2 , Vítor Magno Pereira3 , Marta Casado4 , Jordi Llaneras5 , Ana Barreira1 , Catarina Esteves2 , Mafalda Guimarães2 , Ana Gorgulho2 , Tomás Mourão2 , Elisa Xavier3 , Luís Jasmins3 , Ana Paula Reis3 , Nancy Faria3 , Bruno Freitas3 , Graça Andrade3 , Anny Camelo‐Castillo4 , Manuel Ángel Rodríguez‐Maresca4 , Alba Carrodeguas6 , Diogo Medina6 and Rafael Esteban1 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-023-00570-5 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text HCV, Emergency department, Screening, Diagnosis https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/a6c8a3f74bbff8a73c42f4a88879460d.pdf 08f2d6be8bc2d3d49415177e1f81e0ca Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 17 Issue 1 2024 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Prediction of major adverse cardiac events in the emergency department using an artificial neural network with a systematic grid search Subject The topic of the resource Artificial intelligence, Emergency medicine, Cardiac arrest, Major adverse cardiovascular events, Validation study Description An account of the resource Background The aim of our research was to design and evaluate an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model using a systemic grid search for the early prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) among patients presenting to the triage of an emergency department. Methods This is a single-center, cross-sectional study using electronic health records from January 2017 to Decem- ber 2020. The research population consists of adults coming to our emergency department triage at Aga Khan University Hospital. The MACE during hospitalization was the main outcome. To enhance the architecture of an ANN using triage data, we used a systematic grid search strategy. Four hidden ANN layers were used, followed by an out- put layer. Following each hidden layer was back normalization and a dropout layer. MACE was predicted using three binary classifiers: ANN, Random Forests (RF), and logistic regression (LR). The overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and recall of these models were examined. Each model was evaluated using the receiver operating charac- teristic curve (ROC) and an F1-score with a 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 97,333 emergency department visits were recorded during the study period, with 33% of patients having cardiovascular symptoms. The mean age was 54.08 (19.18) years old. The MACE was observed in 23,052 (23.7%) of the patients, in-hospital (up to 30 days) mortality in 10,888 (11.2%) patients, and cardiac arrest in 5483 (5.6%) patients. The data used for training and validation were 77,866 and 19,467 in an 80:20 ratio, respectively. The AUC score for MACE with ANN was 0.97, which was greater than RF (0.96) and LR (0.96). Similarly, the precision-recall curve for MACE utilizing ANN was greater (0.94 vs. 0.93 for RF and 0.93 for LR). The sensitivity for MACE prediction using ANN, RF, and LR classifiers was 99.3%, 99.4%, and 99.2%, respectively, with the specificities being 94.5%, 94.2%, and 94.2%, respectively. Conclusion When triage data is used to predict MACE, death, and cardiac arrest, ANN with systemic grid search gives precise and valid outcomes and will benefit in predicting MACE in emergency rooms with limited resources that have to deal with a substantial number of patients. Keywords Artificial intelligence, Emergency medicine, Cardiac arrest, Major adverse cardiovascular events, Validation study Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ahmed Raheem1 , Shahan Waheed1*, Musa Karim2 , Nadeem Ullah Khan1 and Rida Jawed1 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-023-00573-2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Artificial intelligence, Emergency medicine, Cardiac arrest, Major adverse cardiovascular events, Validation study https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/b32be2cced2cd6b69ed11d55fd4a0e5e.pdf 976a540ccfd2c4a050f1b41afe51926c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 17 Issue 1 2024 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Latrodectus envenomation in Ethiopia Subject The topic of the resource Black Widow, Spider, Envenomation, Widow Description An account of the resource Black widows, one of the few spiders that can sting humans with poison, are members of the spider genus Latrodec- tus and are well-known for the extraordinary potency of their neurotoxic venom. Latrodectism, a symptom marked by excruciating muscular pain, stomach pain, and diaphoresis after envenomation, is very typical. We described a black widow envenomation case that produced a significant reaction, including diaphoresis and excruciating pain throughout the left thigh that later spread to the lower leg, lower back, belly, and chest. Because of the patient’s description of the spider that bit him and his typical clinical state, it was assumed that Latrodectus envenomation was the cause of his symptoms. The patient received 3 days of observation in the ED while receiving opioid analgesic pain management and muscle relaxant treatment with diazepam. The patient’s pain and symptoms were satisfactorily managed, and he was sent home. This case report will help further research be done in the area where it was reported to see if there are cases with similar presentations misdiagnosed as other illnesses. Finally, immediate pain relief is the most critical goal for all patients. Keywords Black Widow, Spider, Envenomation, Widow Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Shimelis Korbu1* , Mosisa Olika2 and Getu Alemayehu2 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-023-00576-z Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Black Widow, Spider, Envenomation, Widow https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/78ddbfa1b05672b389c13987cfa212bd.pdf 168baa002081f3e8f490424cebb6a0a2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 17 Issue 1 2024 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Incidence and outcome of laryngeal edema and rhabdomyolysis after ingestion of black rock Subject The topic of the resource Black rock, Laryngeal edema, Rhabdomyolysis, Acute liver injury, ECG changes Description An account of the resource Background Black rock, Kala Pathar or ParaPhenyleneDiamine (PPD), is an aromatic amine widely used as a hair dye ingredient and is also used in textile industries. However, when ingested, PPD is highly toxic resulting in angioneurotic edema, rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, toxic hepatitis, and myocarditis with a high mortality rate. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and outcome of laryngeal edema and rhabdomyolysis after ingestion of PPD. Patients and methods The current research was a cross-sectional study that was conducted at Aswan University Hospital, Aswan, Egypt, from December 2021 to December 2022. It consisted of 100 people who attempted suicide by ingesting black rock. All patients underwent general examinations and investigations, including complete blood count, urea, creatinine, creatine phospho kinase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, calcium, uric acid, phosphorus, urine analysis, and electrocardiography. Results The current study consisted of 15 males and 85 females; the most common presentation was stridor (88%) followed by muscle weakness (50%). Twelve percent of patients with stridor required tracheostomy while 14% required tracheal intubation. Regarding the complications of PPD ingestion, the incidence of hepatic injury was (97%) and acute kidney injury (14%) five of them required hemodialysis, with a mortality rate of 13%. Cardiac arrhythmias were noticed in the form of sinus tachycardia (24%), sinus bradycardia (3%), atrial fibrillation (5%), ventricular fibrilla- tion (6%), and ventricular tachycardia (7%). Our study found a significant positive correlation between creatine phos- phokinase, muscle weakness, and acute kidney injury (P = 0.005). Whereas a significant positive correlation was noted between stridor, hospital stay, and mortality rate (P = 0.000), (P = 0.003), respectively. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was found between tracheotomy, mortality rate, and hospital stay (P = 0.000). Conclusion PDD toxicity is more frequent in younger females. The intoxication from the black rock is increasingly used in suicide attempts and vital organs are usually affected especially the kidney, liver, and heart causing morbidity and mortality. Keywords Black rock, Laryngeal edema, Rhabdomyolysis, Acute liver injury, ECG changes Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Aml Ahmed Sayed1*, Abdelrahman Hamdy Abdelrahman1 , Zein Elabdeen Ahmed Sayed2 and Marwa Ahmed Abdelhameid1 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-023-00577-y Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2023 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Black rock, Laryngeal edema, Rhabdomyolysis, Acute liver injury, ECG changes https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/85db1bba050b11743b936a62a680f3a7.pdf 10dc645f74313d64f7221bad98cfe01f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 17 Issue 1 2024 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Stercoral colitis in the emergency department: a review of the literature Subject The topic of the resource Stercoral colitis, Constipation, Fecal impaction, CT imaging, Stercoral ulceration, Perforation Description An account of the resource Background Stercoral colitis (SC) is a rare but potentially life-threatening inflammatory colitis caused by the accu- mulation of impacted fecal material. Despite reported associations with bowel perforation and high mortality rates, stercoral colitis remains a poorly defined and underrecognized diagnosis in the emergency department (ED). Objective of the review This review aims to summarize and synthesize existing literature on SC to guide its recogni- tion and management in the ED. Discussion SC primarily occurs in elderly or bedbound patients with chronic constipation; however, it does occur in younger patients with comorbidities at increased risk for fecal impaction. Patients may present acutely with abdom- inal pain and distension, but clinical presentation is often nonspecific and varied, and there are no established diagnostic criteria for SC to date. CT is therefore crucial for diagnosis, revealing key findings such as fecaloma, colonic dilatation, and fat stranding. Treatment depends on severity of illness, ranging from manual disimpaction and other conservative measures for most cases, to surgical intervention for complicated cases, such as stercoral perforation. Conclusions SC can be a challenging diagnosis in the ED, often requiring multidisciplinary collaboration. Timely recognition and appropriate treatment are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. Further research is needed to establish diagnostic criteria and clear management algorithms. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Emily Bae1*, Jacqueline Tran2 and Kaushal Shah2 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-023-00578-x Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Stercoral colitis, Constipation, Fecal impaction, CT imaging, Stercoral ulceration, Perforation https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/b77142b56ed411812391416d469a2101.pdf 59156c8f611ad10ccf8819deeb20c83c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 17 Issue 1 2024 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm discovered by pocket‐sized ultrasound in a low resource setting: a case report Subject The topic of the resource POCUS, Point-of-care ultrasound, Pocket-sized ultrasound, Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurism Description An account of the resource Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening condition characterized by the weakening and dilation of the abdominal aorta. AAA primarily affects men, smokers, and the elderly, with rupture being a fatal complication. While point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is valuable in diagnosing AAA, the role of using pocket-sized ultrasound in a low resource setting remains less explored. This case report presents a unique instance of a suspected ruptured AAA diagnosed using pocket-sized ultrasound in an emergency department (ED) situated in a low resource setting where ultrasound machines are absent, and emergency physicians lack proficiency in ultrasound usage. Case presentation A 78-year-old man with a history of hypertension and bladder cancer presented to the ED with suprapubic pain. Initial evaluation showed no concerning findings. However, the next day, he collapsed, became unconscious, and experienced a cardiac arrest. Despite resuscitation efforts, the patient’s condition deteriorated. POCUS revealed an 8-cm dilated abdominal aorta with an intimal flap, indicative of a dissecting AAA and a substrate for AAA rupture. Unfortunately, the patient died despite resuscitation efforts. Conclusion This case highlights the importance of considering AAA in patients with risk factors and abdominal pain in a low resource setting. POCUS using a pocket-sized ultrasound can aid in early AAA detection, potentially prevent‐ ing rupture through preemptive vascular intervention. Emergency departments should prioritize ultrasound availabil‐ ity, and emergency physicians should be proficient in its use. Keywords POCUS, Point-of-care ultrasound, Pocket-sized ultrasound, Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurism Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ihab Alasasfeh1*, Rawan Abudawood1 , Bayan E.Hwidi2 and Raghad Al‐Shami2 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-023-00579-w Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text POCUS, Point-of-care ultrasound, Pocket-sized ultrasound, Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurism https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/f19c6ff5e50fb67b6e9283ef01818bc4.pdf 38d4117c931d29c1aa33f30a5be8dd12 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 17 Issue 1 2024 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The utility of the abdominal series in the emergency setting: a retrospective review Subject The topic of the resource Abdominal radiology, Emergency radiology, Emergency medicine, Resource utilization Description An account of the resource Purpose The abdominal series (AXR) remains a frequently ordered test in the emergency department (ED), despite existing literature questioning its utility. The aim of this study was to characterize the use of the AXR in the ED by quantifying how often it is ordered and the frequency of subsequent imaging. Additionally, a time estimate in ED associated with the AXR was quantified. We hypothesized that there would be a low clinical utility of the AXR, and long associated time period spent in the ED. Methods A retrospective audit of AXRs performed in the ED from January to December 2019 was performed. The local picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and electronic medical record were used to collect the variables. Results Of 701 AXRs, 438 (62.4%) were reported normal, and 263 (37.6%) were abnormal. A Chi Squared test showed that the two variables (abdominal series result and follow up imaging completion) were significantly related, with p<0.001. However, the effect size was small (Nagelkerke R square=0.022). The average time spent in the ED for these patients was 7.27 h, and the average time between the AXR being ordered and interpreted was 1.31 h. Conclusion The majority of AXRs were reported as normal. Our results showed that AXR had a statistically signifi- cant, but low clinically significant predictive ability on subsequent imaging ordering. This supports our hypothesis that the AXR is of low clinical utility with respect to the rate of ordering follow up imaging. The AXR also translated to a quantifiable time interval during the patient’s stay in ED. Minimizing overuse of the AXR may result in a decrease in patient duration in the ED. Keywords Abdominal radiology, Emergency radiology, Emergency medicine, Resource utilization Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sarah Hogan1*, Joshua Ward1 and Eric Sala1 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-023-00580-3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Abdominal radiology, Emergency radiology, Emergency medicine, Resource utilization https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/d1aca8604725cef5bd735e8844afbd37.pdf 70af1d85a3424ef5b31b000d3ee9ae41 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 17 Issue 1 2024 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A review of pre‐hospital extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation and its potential application in the North East of England Subject The topic of the resource Pre-hospital, ECPR, ECMO Description An account of the resource Patients in the UK who suffer an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the pre-hospital environment. Current survival outcomes are low in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Extracorpor- eal cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a technique which is offered to patients in specialised centres which provides better blood flow and oxygen delivery than conventional chest compressions. Shortening the interval between car- diac arrest and restoration of circulation is associated with improved outcomes in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Delivering extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the pre-hospital environment can shorten this interval, improving outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. This article will review recently published studies and summarise studies currently being undertaken in pre-hospital extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It will also discuss the potential application of a pre-hospital extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation programme in the North East of England. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dominic Jones1*, Fiona M. Daglish1 , Benjamin M. Tanner1 and Fergus J. M. Wilkie1 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-023-00581-2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Pre-hospital, ECPR, ECMO https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/908f4aa638fc69a4820f2d82116312a5.pdf 755c410cf1114cd9dc85dea439fe6eac Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 17 Issue 1 2024 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource peri irawan Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Development of prehospital emergency care in Singapore Subject The topic of the resource Emergency medical services, Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, Pre-hospital emergency care, History Description An account of the resource This review paper describes the development of the pre-hospital system in Singapore from the pre-war days. Every country’s prehospital community needs a deep understanding of how they developed over the years, factors that played a part, and the aspirations their community and government have set for this. This can guide future evolu- tion of the services to ensure that care provided is relevant, applicable and in keeping with the community’s needs. Countries with similar contextual circumstances, but at a different stage of development of their PECs, may learn from these. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gayathri Devi Nadarajan1,2,3*, Nurul Asyikin Binte Mohamed Jalil2 , Alexander Elgin White2 , Marcus Ong Eng Hock1,2,3 and Anantharaman Venkataraman1,3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-023-00582-1 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Emergency medical services, Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, Pre-hospital emergency care, History