16 10 216 https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/48abe3537a44bff205850556c38920f2.pdf fc4575166ef890886109b4fc78870f09 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Quick to connect: a comparison of virtual and in-person speed mentoring for emergency medicine medical students, residents by faculty at a national conference Subject The topic of the resource Mentorship is vital to foster personal and professional growth. Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Mentorship is vital to foster personal and professional growth. Speed mentoring is a newer model of mentorship that introduces trainees to several potential mentors. The Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) hosts a speed mentoring event at its annual meeting. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the annual meeting transitioned to a virtual format. This study compares participants’ attitudes towards in-person and virtual speed mentoring. Methods Medical students, residents, and faculty mentors completed a biographical sheet to inform pairings and to facilitate discussion. The same anonymous event evaluation was administered to the participants during both the in-person (SAEM19) and virtual speed mentoring event (SAEM21). We assessed whether there were significant differences in viewpoints of participants of the two formats using Fischer’s Exact Test for each question by role and performed a thematic analysis on the free-text question. Results The response rates for mentors and mentees were 89.6% (43/48) and 77.1% (37/48) for SAEM19, and 76.9% (10/13) and 84.6% (11/13) for SAEM21, respectively. Participants responded similarly to all (p>0.05) but one question. Mentors were more neutral that the event helped them feel more comfortable around trainees at the conference (p=0.01). Otherwise, participants indicated the event was enjoyable, planned to participate again, and felt empowered to make further connections outside of the event. Free responses underscored these themes and suggested increasing time per encounter. Conclusions Virtual speed mentoring is a feasible and effective alternative to in-person speed mentoring and may be a helpful adjunct to in-person mentoring. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wendy W. Sun1*, Katja Goldflam1 , Zachary T. Pennington2 , Lucia Derks3 , Wendy C. Coates4 , Madison A. Nashu1 , Tamanna Hossin1 , Avery Clark5 , Alina Tsyrulnik1 and Judith A. Linden5 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-00860-0 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Mentorship is vital to foster personal and professional growth. https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/eaf57f89f879e96abf798a0b6ebed7c4.pdf 2c32ac71ec2e61d110a1b1e75fabced0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Challenges in diagnosing and treating distal common bile duct adenocarcinoma: A case report with literature insights Subject The topic of the resource Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy, Right upper abdominal pain, Common bile duct adenocarcinoma, Intrahepatic bile ducts, Obstructive jaundice, Lymphovascular invasion Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Adenocarcinoma of the distal common bile duct (CBD) is a rare and aggressive malignancy that is often diagnosed at an advanced stage owing to nonspecific symptoms and delayed presentation. This case report details the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with distal CBD adenocarcinoma and highlights the need for an effective multidisciplinary approach. Case presentation A 54-year-old male with a significant smoking history presented with persistent right upper abdominal pain, dark urine, and scleral jaundice. Imaging studies revealed intrahepatic bile duct dilatation, a mass obstructing the common bile duct, and thickened gallbladder walls. Despite initial antibiotic therapy for suspected cholangitis, the patient underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and subsequently a surgical procedure. The surgical resection of a common bile duct adenocarcinoma with lymphovascular invasion was successful, with subsequent restoration of bile flow through Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Histopathological analysis confirmed tumor characteristics and clear surgical margins. Postoperatively, the patient demonstrated significant clinical improvement with normalized bilirubin levels and received appropriate management for his oncologic condition. Conclusion This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of distal CBD adenocarcinoma, particularly in patients with delayed symptoms. Multimodal imaging approaches and timely surgical intervention are crucial for effective management of this malignancy. Enhanced awareness of atypical presentations and advancements in targeted therapies holds promise for improving outcomes in such challenging cases. Keywords Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy, Right upper abdominal pain, Common bile duct adenocarcinoma, Intrahepatic bile ducts, Obstructive jaundice, Lymphovascular invasion Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sakhr Alshwayyat1,2,3, Hamdah Hanifa4* , Yamen Alshwaiyat5 , Mustafa Alshwayyat6 , Hussein Alhussein7 , Malak Abu-Naja8 , Tala Abdulsalam Alshwayyat2 , Basil Alsaleh9 , Mohammad Shafa’a10 and Muhammad Fadi Alkurdi10 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-00859-7 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/1176c8a140b721f0e63a8b9a1336504b.pdf 21220648fdce73db4126b4914eb4a11d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Impact of capacity building training on emergency medical services for chardham yatra: a pre-test post-test study in a hilly region of North India Subject The topic of the resource Capacity Building, Emergency medical services (EMS), Char Dham Yatra, Medical officer training, High- Altitude illness management Description An account of the resource Abstract Background The Char Dham Yatra in Uttarakhand, India, poses significant healthcare challenges due to high altitude, limited medical infrastructure, and increased risk of emergencies, including high-altitude illnesses and cardiovascular events. To address these challenges, a capacity-building program was implemented for medical officers, aiming to enhance their emergency medicine skills. Method The study was conducted at the Emergency Medicine and Trauma Surgery Department, AIIMS Rishikesh. The study was conducted for 6 months. A total of 150 medical officers were nominated, with 125 participating. The training involved weekly sessions over three months, comprising didactic lectures and hands-on practical skills, particularly in basic life support. Pre and post-tests comprising 20 questions assessed participants’ knowledge, and skill assessments were conducted using a 7-item questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale. Result The program resulted in a significant improvement in participants’ knowledge, with an average increase of 41% in post-test scores compared to pre-test scores (p<0.001). Skill assessment showed that 70.4% of participants were rated as “Outstanding” or “Very Satisfactory.” The distribution of trained officers was uneven across districts, with Pauri and Tehri having the highest representation. Conclusion The capacity-building program significantly enhanced the emergency medicine capabilities of medical officers, leading to better preparedness for handling medical emergencies during the Char Dham Yatra. The positive outcomes highlight the importance of continued investment in such training programs to reduce morbidity and mortality. Addressing the uneven distribution of trained officers is crucial for comprehensive emergency medical coverage along the pilgrimage route. Keywords Capacity Building, Emergency medical services (EMS), Char Dham Yatra, Medical officer training, High- Altitude illness management Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Nidhi Kaeley1 , Shantam Pokhriyal2 , Madhur Uniyal2* , Johnny Saxena1 , Mimanshu Mittal1 , Patel Sanket Mukeshkumar3 , Aditya Choudhary2 and Pushpendra Kaushik2 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-00858-8 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Capacity Building, Emergency medical services (EMS), Char Dham Yatra, Medical officer training, High- Altitude illness management https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/7adb74d5c6a6b32750576b6560ac586e.pdf 2983dc8ddd549c095e4a2dd5a30828d4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource An Ogilvie’s syndrome: a rare case of large bowel pseudo-obstruction Subject The topic of the resource Ogilvie’s Syndrome (OS) is a rare but serious functional Description An account of the resource Abstract Introduction Ogilvie’s Syndrome (OS) is a rare but serious functional disorder characterized by dilatation of the colon, typically affecting the cecum and right colon, in the absence of any mechanical obstruction. Case presentation We present an unusual case of Ogilvie’s Syndrome in a 67-year-old female patient following elective dynamic hip screw surgery. She presented with gradual abdominal distention, as well as gas and stool retention. On the ninth postoperative day, abdominal examination revealed significant distention, marked tympanitic sounds upon percussion, diffuse tenderness on palpation, diminished bowel sounds, and moderate abdominal pain. Investigation tools demonstrated gross dilated in colons, up to 92.4 mm at the cecum level by Abdominal CT which, confirming the diagnosis of Ogilvie’s Syndrome. The team opted for conservative treatment, including nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion, fasting, and intravenous fluids. Subsequent imaging a few days later indicated a reduction in colonic diameter (cecum measuring 38 mm) and an improvement in the patient’s overall condition. Conclusion Although Ogilvie’s Syndrome is infrequently encountered, clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for gas and stool retention following surgical procedures. It is essential to be familiar with diagnostic methods and management protocols for this condition. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mazen Mohammad1 , Khaled Alsheikh2 , Sabet El Madlaji3 and Muhamad Zakaria Brimo Alsaman4* Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-00857-9 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Ogilvie’s Syndrome (OS) is a rare but serious functional https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/59a7baece1386584d8d2d724d8915262.pdf 12bc22b8957257372b83a9c477a6c63c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pediatric emergency disaster preparedness:a narrative review of global disparities, challenges, and policy solutions Subject The topic of the resource Disasters, whether natural or man-made, Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Disasters, whether natural or man-made, pose significant challenges to healthcare systems, with children being among the most vulnerable populations. Pediatric Emergency Departments (PEDs) require specialized protocols to address children’s distinct physiological, psychological, and developmental needs in other to respond adequately to disasters. While international guidelines for disaster preparedness exist, significant disparities persist across different healthcare settings, particularly in low-resource regions where preparedness measures remain inadequate. This review examines the current state of pediatric disaster preparedness, analyzing insights from past disasters to highlight key challenges, gaps, and opportunities for improvement. Special attention is given to global frameworks, existing protocols, and how lessons from successful disaster responses can inform future strategies, particularly in resource-limited settings. Aims This review aims to assess the readiness of PEDs for disaster scenarios by identifying deficiencies and proposing strategies to enhance preparedness. It explores infrastructure requirements, workforce training, triage protocols, and mental health considerations specific to pediatric populations. Additionally, it assesses international frameworks and best practices to inform policy recommendations for strengthening pediatric-focused disaster response globally. Conclusion Pediatric disaster preparedness remains inadequate across global healthcare systems, particularly in resource-limited settings. While international protocols exist, their implementation varies widely, leaving gaps in staff training, resource allocation, and mental health support. Addressing these gaps requires a multi-faceted approach that includes enhanced training programs, improved resource allocation, and integration of mental health services into disaster protocols. By adopting evidence-based strategies and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations, healthcare systems can develop more resilient and child-focused emergency response frameworks. Strengthening disaster preparedness in PEDs is essential to ensuring equal opportunities for care and effective treatment for children in times of crisis. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Chibuike Daniel Onyejesi1 , Mohamed Alsabri2* , Jose Carlos Del Castillo Miranda3 , Mayam Mohamed Aziz4 , Muskaan Doulat Ram5 , Eslam Moumen Abady6 and Sohaila Mohamed Abdelbar7 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-00856-w Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Disasters, whether natural or man-made, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/51ae12117460ec56be353d7a6451eaf6.pdf ef8437def834f48c5c452aa17ee15b16 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Successful management of life-threatening spontaneous inferior thyroid artery rupture in neurofibromatosis type 1: a rare case report Subject The topic of the resource Airway, Emergency, Spontaneous artery rupture, Neurofibromatosis type 1, Case report Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with cutaneous and vascular complications. Arterial rupture, including the rare involvement of the subclavian artery, can be life- threatening. We present a case of a ruptured inferior thyroid artery in a patient with NF1, presenting with a rapidly expanding neck hematoma. Case presentation A 35-year-old male with a history of NF1 presented to the emergency department with sudden- onset right-sided neck swelling and pain. The swelling rapidly expanded, leading to severe dyspnea, irritability, and hoarseness, necessitating emergent intubation. After failed attempts of intubation, a surgical tracheostomy was performed. Imaging revealed active arterial extravasation at the inferior thyroid artery near the thyrocervical trunk, with a large neck hematoma extending into the mediastinum. Coil embolization was performed, resulting in a favorable outcome. Postoperative follow-up confirmed successful embolization and resolution of symptoms. Discussion and conclusion NF1 is commonly associated with cutaneous manifestations but can also lead to vascular complications, including arterial stenosis and aneurysms, due to impaired vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell function. Rupture of the inferior thyroid artery in NF1 is extremely rare and can present with symptoms such as hoarseness, dysphagia, and swelling, complicating initial diagnosis. Management of vascular complications in NF1 can be challenging due to the fragility of affected vessels. Endovascular interventions, such as coil embolization, offer a less invasive treatment option with promising outcomes. In this case, rapid airway management followed by angiographic embolization led to a successful resolution. Keywords Airway, Emergency, Spontaneous artery rupture, Neurofibromatosis type 1, Case report Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hamza A. Abdul-Hafez1*, Yazan Abudeyak1 , Mahmoud S. Mansour2 , Mohammed A. Barakat3 and Mohanad A. Abuzahra4 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-00854-y Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Airway, Emergency, Spontaneous artery rupture, Neurofibromatosis type 1, Case report https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/ecccb89789d49e60f645c1ccecb7a8c0.pdf acf66e739a1f67f1e5a3aa0cd8b1f33a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Reaching the right facility for emergency patients - destinations of patients transported by emergency medical services in Kigali, Rwanda Subject The topic of the resource Ambulance, Emergency medical services (EMS), Service D’Aide Médicale Urgente (SAMU), Rwanda Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Ensuring that emergency patients reach the right healthcare facility at the right time is a key component of providing quality emergency care. Rwanda’s prehospital emergency care system, Service D’Aide Médicale Urgente (SAMU), was established in 2007 to provide prehospital emergency care services, but a formal assessment of the receiving facilities has not been done. We explored the characteristics of patients transported by SAMU to identify factors influencing the choice of destination health facilities. Methods We retrospectively analyzed SAMU data documenting patients transported in Kigali in 2022. The main dataset included patient sex, age, emergency condition, insurance status, and destination facility. For a subset of patients, additional data were available on clinical variables such as Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), variables to permit derivation of the Triage Early Warning Scores (TEWS), and an assessment of urgency made by the ambulance team. Facilities receiving patients transported by SAMU were categorised into health centers, district hospitals, and tertiary hospitals. Results are described for the main dataset, and associations between facility type and patient characteristics were determined using multinomial logistic regression on the subset of patients with additional clinical variables. Results Data was available for 7,221 patients. The majority were male (65%), with a mean age of 34 years (SD=16). The leading three emergency conditions were trauma (66%), gynecological and obstetric conditions (9%), and medical conditions (17%). Most patients were received by district hospitals (47%), followed by health centers (36%), and tertiary hospitals (17%). We also found that patients with urgency classified as “extreme” had a 49%, 37%, and Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ephrem Daniel Sheferaw1*, Barnabas Alyande1 , Oda Munyura1 , Assuman Nuhu4 , Aurore Nishimwe2 , Jeanne Nyinawankusi5 , Jean Marie Uwitonze5 , Jean Nepomuscene Sindikubwabo5 , Irene Bagahirwa5 , Didier Hagumimana4 , Fabien Hagenimana4 , Collins Fred Inkotanyi1 , Jean Claude Semuto5 , Gilbert Rukundo5 , Agnieszka Ignatowicz2 , Lucia D’Ambruoso3 , Philbert Muhire7 , Sudha Jayaraman8 , Emmy Agabe Nkusi6 , Laura Quinn2 , Abebe Bekele1 , Jean Claude Byiringiro4† and Justine Davies2,9† Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-00853-z Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Ambulance, Emergency medical services (EMS), Service D’Aide Médicale Urgente (SAMU), Rwanda https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/720fe49c6d59f8258027f2919b294d2b.pdf 45c9f5627b80d92cab7fb479cce3da2d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Patients’ attitude and information-seeking behaviour on intra-venous fluid therapy in emergency department for common cold: a cross-sectional study Subject The topic of the resource Attitude, Common cold, Information-seeking behaviour, Intra-venous fluid, Therapy Description An account of the resource Abstract Objective This study aimed to examine patients’ attitude and information-seeking behaviour related to intra-venous (IV) fluid use for the common cold visited in emergency department. Methods A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from January to May 2024. A total of 365 patients aged 18 years and older presenting with cold symptoms were surveyed using a validated questionnaire. The survey assessed demographic information, attitudes towards IV fluid therapy, and the sources of information patients used. Descriptive statistics, and one-sample t-tests were performed to compare mean perceptions against a neutral score (e.g., 3 on a 5-point Likert scale) using SPSS version 21. Results The mean age of participants was 39.35±15.48 years, with 48.5% women and 51.5% men. Nearly two-third (62.19%) of participants were agree or strongly agree that patient with cold must receive IV Fluid to get well. While the majority of participants disagreed that IV fluid therapy strengthens the body (mean=2.08±1.02) or boosts immunity (mean=2.03±0.98), many perceived it as effective in infection elimination (mean=3.81±1.24) and disease prevention (mean=3.18±1.09). The majority of participants—81.92%, 88.49%, and 89.04%—agreed that sneezing, runny nose, and mild fever, respectively, required IV fluids. Key information sources were specialists (mean=4.17±1.17) and medical journals (mean=3.83±1.18), while general practitioners (mean=2.43±1.21) and social networks (mean=2.6±1.33) were less utilized. Conclusions The findings highlight the need for public health education on the natural course of the common cold and the appropriate use of ED services to reduce unnecessary IV fluid administration. Keywords Attitude, Common cold, Information-seeking behaviour, Intra-venous fluid, Therapy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Abdollah Malekian1 , Shiv Kumar Mudgal2 , Nipin Kalal3 , Shima Zaghi4 , Zohreh Hosseini Marznaki5 , Seyyed Hamid Hoseini6 , Fatemeh Keshavarzi7 and Seyed Mohammad Hosseininejad8* Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-00852-0 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Attitude, Common cold, Information-seeking behaviour, Intra-venous fluid, Therapy https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/43dc1ca101ba98224fcb75dbf15d87aa.pdf aa27a3de99ca47d9b2e98aff0f84d10c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Predictive value of venous bicarbonate levels for survival to hospital discharge in out-of- hospital cardiac arrest patients Subject The topic of the resource Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, Metabolic acidosis, Venous bicarbonate levels, Survival, Resuscitation strategies Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Acid-base disturbances significantly impact cardiac function and prognostic outcomes in cardiac arrest. Previous studies have highlighted the correlation between pH levels from arterial blood gas (ABG) analyses during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and survival outcomes. However, ABG measurements are often impractical in resource-limited settings. This study explores the relationship between serum bicarbonate levels and survival outcomes in patients with OHCA. Methods This retrospective cohort study examined patients with OHCA who presented at Srinagarind Hospital (Thailand) between 2015 and 2021. We analyzed venous bicarbonate levels and other laboratory markers (Na+, K+, BUN, Creatinine). Demographic and clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records. The primary objective was to assess the association between venous bicarbonate levels and survival and to determine the optimal cutoff values for predicting survival in these patients. Results Of the 461 identified patients, 19% survived hospital discharge. Survivors exhibited higher bicarbonate and BUN levels but lower potassium levels. Bicarbonate levels≥12.6 demonstrated a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 47%, with an 88.44% negative predictive value (NPV) for survival. A sensitivity analysis, which reclassified patients who left against medical advice as non-survivors, revealed that a bicarbonate cutoff of 13.9 mmol/L yielded the best predictive value, with a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 52.1%. Factors associated with increased survival included BUN≥19.5, bicarbonate≥12.6, private transport, and initial PEA or VT/VF rhythms, while potassium≥5.1 decreased survival likelihood. Conclusion Bicarbonate levels, particularly with a threshold greater than 12.6 mmol/L, may be effective prognostic indicators. Other factors influencing survival include BUN, potassium levels, private transport, and initial cardiac rhythm. These insights can help clinicians improve resuscitation strategies and prognosis assessment, especially in resource-limited settings. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pariwat Phungoen1 , John M. O’Donnell2,3, Jirat Tosibphanom1 , Praew Kotruchin1 , Thummasorn Phurisetthasak1 and Thanat Tangpaisarn1* Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-00851-1 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/aac8ac7d31a5975a870db1760f85c01f.pdf f4e540c6e121bfe3ad108f4648cd3635 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A comparison of SIEVE, SORT, and START triage training effectiveness between immersive interactive 3D learning materials using virtual reality (VR-SSST) and traditional methods in mass casualty incidents Subject The topic of the resource Virtual reality, Disaster triage, Sieve triage, Sort triage, Start triage, Mass casualty incidents, ARCS model Description An account of the resource Abstract Introduction Disaster triage is a crucial competency for paramedics. Traditional training methods, such as lectures and tabletop exercises (TTx), may not provide immersive and high-pressure experience necessary for optimal skill development. Virtual reality (VR) is innovative, allowing trainees to engage in realistic triage simulations in a controlled, interactive environment. Objective The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of VR-based triage training and traditional methods by assessing knowledge, learner motivation, and practical skills through pre-and post-tests, the ARCS model, and live simulations. Methods This method-oriented, randomized study was conducted over a 2-week intervention among 83 paramedic students and compared traditional lecture-based (n=41) with VR-based (n=42) training for MCI triage education among paramedic students at the Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University. Both groups attended lectures. Knowledge was assessed through validated pre- and post-tests in four domains: memory, comprehension, application and analysis. Learner motivation was evaluated using the ARCS model (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction), and practical skills were measured during live simulations, assessing time use and a validated accuracy score that included triage steps, proper sequencing, and the correctness of triage judgment. Results Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in post-test knowledge scores. The VR group scored higher across all ARCS model dimensions: attention (4.78 vs. 4.17, p<0.001), relevance (4.79 vs. 4.37, p<0.001), confidence (4.74 vs. 4.24, p<0.001), and satisfaction (4.71 vs. 4.34, p<0.001). In the practical triage assessment, the VR group achieved higher accuracy in SORT triage (14.39 vs. 12.09, p=0.001) than the traditional group. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kritsada Chumvanichaya1 , Chaiyaporn Yuksen1 , Promphet Nuanprom2 and Kasamon Aramvanitch1* Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-00850-2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Virtual reality, Disaster triage, Sieve triage, Sort triage, Start triage, Mass casualty incidents, ARCS model