2 10 201 https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/8b99ef3e34683f5a26353b90b75c26d5.pdf b0bd156cd124d64ef72e2479d2077319 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Entrustable Professional Activities for Emergency Medicine specialists Subject The topic of the resource Entrustable professional activities, Consensus methods, Competence, Assessment, Emergency medicine Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Various countries have developed competency frameworks for postgraduate training programs. Identifying Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) that are core clinical activities could bridge the gap between competencies and clinical practice. We aim to define core EPAs required for safe independent practice as an Emergency Medicine (EM) Specialist, aligned with curricular outcomes from the International Federation for Emergency Medicine (IFEM) model curriculum for postgraduate training and existing EPAs from IFEM member countries to demonstrate the value such core documents bring to training and practice. Methods A nominal group of six members used consensus methodology to generate and rate essential EPAs for safe, independent practice as an EM specialist. Using existing literature on EPAs and IFEM curricular documents, the nominal group generated and clarified ideas for potential EPAs. Feedback was obtained from the IFEM Core Curriculum and Education committee, which comprises representatives from countries across all seven international regions, and integrated with iterative revisions. The EQual: Queen’s EPA Quality Rubric were used to rate how essential each EPA was for safe practice and the quality of each EPA. This approach is more rigorous as it allows for examination of the quality of EPAs generated and how well they align with the key domains of the EPA construct. Results A total of five core EPAs were selected and refined from seventeen proposed EPAs. The five EPAs were: EPA 1 (Patient resuscitation), EPA 2 (Adult and/or paediatric non-resuscitative emergency care), EPA 3 (Managing multiple emergency patients), EPA 4 (Maintaining quality emergency care), and EPA 5 (Teaching emergency staff ). All core EPAs were directly mapped to the IFEM model curriculum to ensure relevancy and reliability. Rating with the EQual rubrics showed all five EPAs faring excellently, achieving overall median scores of more than four. Conclusion Five EPAs were identified and evaluated to show their importance as core EPAs required for safe, independent practice as an EM specialist. These EPAs can serve as a guide for individual countries to develop EPAs for training. Keywords Entrustable professional activities, Consensus methods, Competence, Assessment, Emergency medicine Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource David Teng1,2*, Anantharaman Venkataraman3 , Andrew Singer4,5, Simon Chu6 , Arif Alper Cevik7,8, Janis P. Tupesis9 , Taj Hassan10 and James Kwan1,2 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01075-z Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Entrustable professional activities, Consensus methods, Competence, Assessment, Emergency medicine https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/ee46a4865e9849cba1993e423a555b83.pdf 3cfad9753fe4a4d849a5577ce081e4ac Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Emergency surgical conditions in geriatric patients: current research landscape Subject The topic of the resource Geriatric emergency surgery, Acute abdomen, Frailty, Multidisciplinary team, Laparoscopy Description An account of the resource Abstract Background The global population is aging rapidly, leading to a significant increase in geriatric patients requiring emergency surgical intervention. This demographic presents unique challenges due to high frailty, multisystem comorbidities, and atypical disease presentations, which contribute to elevated surgical risks and poorer outcomes compared to younger populations. Objective This review aims to synthesize the current research landscape regarding emergency general surgical conditions in older adults. It focuses on the common disease spectrum, evolving management strategies, and critical prognostic determinants to inform and enhance evidence-based clinical practice. Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted to delineate the etiology of acute abdomen in the elderly, evaluate the utility of preoperative assessment tools and surgical approaches, and identify key factors influencing patient outcomes, including mortality and complication rates. Results Acute appendicitis, intestinal obstruction, gastrointestinal perforation, and biliary diseases represent the most prevalent conditions. Precise preoperative risk stratification using scoring systems like POSSUM is crucial. For hemodynamically stable patients, a laparoscopic-first approach is associated with reduced complications and shorter hospital stays. Prognosis is critically influenced not just by age, but more significantly by frailty, multimorbidity, and psychosocial factors. The integration of Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) models and rehabilitation medicine principles is pivotal for optimizing comprehensive care. Conclusions The management of geriatric emergency surgical patients necessitates a tailored, multidimensional strategy. Future efforts to improve outcomes should focus on refined preoperative optimization, the promotion of minimally invasive techniques, and the systematic implementation of multidisciplinary collaboration and early rehabilitation. Keywords Geriatric emergency surgery, Acute abdomen, Frailty, Multidisciplinary team, Laparoscopy Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dezhuang Li1* Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01074-0 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Geriatric emergency surgery, Acute abdomen, Frailty, Multidisciplinary team, Laparoscopy https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/f0dd029c6923ef6ff4ef635b4de1839a.pdf fdc205b42bbe9d0bea3c8c65c4dfc4ee Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Prevalence and associated factors of hypertensive emergency among hypertensive crisis patients admitted to the emergency department at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia Subject The topic of the resource Hypertensive emergency, Hypertensive urgency, Hypertensive crisis, Target organ damage, Ethiopia Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Hypertension is a major global health problem that affects approximately 1.4 billion people worldwide, and 1–2% of this population experience hypertensive crisis. Hypertensive emergency is a subtype of hypertensive crisis associated with target organ damage and is linked with increased morbidity and mortality. In our setting, the prevalence of hypertensive emergencies and the characteristics of patients with a hypertensive crisis are not certainly known yet. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of hypertensive emergency among hypertensive crisis patients admitted to the emergency department at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 379 randomly selected medical records of hypertensive crisis patients admitted at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from July 2021 to July 2024. Data were extracted from September 1 to 30, 2024. A structured checklist was used to collect the data from charts through the Kobo toolbox. The descriptive statistics were presented in tables, frequencies, percentages, and graphs. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with hypertensive Emergency. An adjusted odds ratio along with a 95% confidence interval was reported. The statistical significance level was declared at a p-value≤0.05. Results A total of 369 patients with hypertensive crisis were included in the study. The prevalence of hypertensive Emergency was 40.7% (95% CI: 36, 46%). In patients with hypertensive emergencies, cerebrovascular injuries accounted for 25.7% of the hypertension-mediated organ damage, followed by acute renal failure (22%), and cardiovascular emergencies (15.4%). New-onset hypertension [AOR:2.5; 95%CI: 1.52, 4.15] and diabetes mellitus [AOR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.63, 5.24] were independently associated with a hypertensive emergency. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Teshome Shanko1 , Desalegn Dawit Assele2* , Zemedkihun Motera1 and Yitayew Ewnetu Mohammed3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01073-1 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Hypertensive emergency, Hypertensive urgency, Hypertensive crisis, Target organ damage, Ethiopia https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/6069b77341b6ce1aa3582476ee50f910.pdf 47f0ab04c05ee5430672c7ae86275a4f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource External validation of the STUMBL score in a frontline military hospital: predictive performance in conflict-injured patients with thoracic trauma Subject The topic of the resource Thoracic trauma, Military, STUMBL score, External validation study Description An account of the resource Abstract Purpose Thoracic trauma is a frequent cause of emergency department admission in both civilian and military settings however injuries sustained in conflict zones differ in mechanism and severity. The STUMBL Score is a clinical prediction tool originally developed for blunt thoracic trauma in civilian populations. This study aimed to externally validate the STUMBL Score in a wartime context. Methods We conducted a retrospective, single-centre validation study of adult patients with thoracic trauma admitted to the ED of a frontline Ukrainian hospital between January 2023 and December 2024. The primary composite outcome was defined as in-hospital mortality, pulmonary complications, or ICU admission. Model performance was assessed by discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration belt). Results A total of 374 patients were included (87% male; median age 38 [32–44]). Blast injury was the predominant mechanism. The median STUMBL Score was 30 [24–33], and 92% of patients developed the composite outcome. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.96 (95% CI 0.94–0.98), and calibration assessed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test yielded a p-value of 0.812. Using a threshold score of 23, the sensitivity was 0.89 and specificity 0.97. Conclusion The STUMBL Score demonstrated excellent predictive performance in a military population with high-acuity, war-related thoracic trauma. These findings support its potential utility in conflict-zone emergency care, although prospective validation in broader military settings is warranted. Keywords Thoracic trauma, Military, STUMBL score, External validation study Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ceri Battle1,2* , Edward Baker2,3 , Jacopo Davide Giamello4,5 , Remo Melchio6 and Dmytro Dmytriiev7,8 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01072-2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/da1cac1732785f9814abf485edc5cf16.pdf f7a6dd7d5f0f64ab2e3a16cb8bb84b3c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Safety and accuracy of AI in triaging patients in the emergency department Subject The topic of the resource Emergency department, AI, Triage, ChatGPT Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been increasingly explored in healthcare, particularly in emergency department (ED) triage. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the AI chatbot ChatGPT in triaging patients, focusing on its accuracy, safety, efficiency, and impact on patient care. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted at the ED of King Saud Medical City (KSMC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, with a sample size of 138 patients. Patients requiring immediate resuscitation were excluded. ED physicians assigned triage scores using the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS), followed by AI-generated scores for the same patients. In cases of discrepancy, the final decision by the senior ED consultant was considered the gold standard. The study assessed inter-rater reliability between AI and human raters and evaluated the accuracy of each compared to the consultant’s assessment. Results The results indicated a high agreement rate (85.61%) between ChatGPT and ED physicians, with substantial inter-rater reliability (κ=0.780, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.676–0.884, p<0.001). Agreement between ED physicians and consultants was at 63.9%, with moderate reliability (κ=0.406, 95% CI 0.006–0.806, p=0.018). Consultants assigned lower acuity levels than physicians in most cases. ChatGPT’s accuracy compared to the consultant was 42.86%, with slight reliability, showing a tendency to overestimate acuity, particularly in critical cases. However, it performed better in mid-range acuity levels. Conclusion The findings suggested that AI could support ED triage by aligning closely with human decision-making. However, its overestimation of severity could lead to over-triaging and increased resource use. Limitations included a small sample size and the use of a general AI model not specifically trained for medical triage. Future research should focus on AI models tailored for ED triage to improve reliability and clinical applicability. Keywords Emergency department, AI, Triage, ChatGPT Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lama Mohammad Alomari1 , Mai Mamdouh Alshammari1 , Asal Osama Arbaeen1 , Raghad Abdullah Alshehri2 and Hanin Saad Almalki3* Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01069-x Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Emergency department, AI, Triage, ChatGPT https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/66e74c44e0b69305488a75d9a71fafba.pdf 56d9a5db314e9e30af5412f4859b6a53 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Waiting time ambulances in the Emergency Department; a Dutch single center study (WAITED study) Subject The topic of the resource Crowding, Emergency Medical Services, Ambulance Diversion, Ambulance Offload Delay, Emergency Department, Hospital Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Ambulance offload delay (AOD) indicates the persistent and increasingly visible problem of Emergency Department (ED) crowding. AOD is defined as the extended time from ambulance arrival at the ED until patient care is transferred to ED staff. Despite its negative consequences and international attention, AOD is currently not monitored within the Dutch Emergency Care. It is also unknown whether or not AOD is associated with the ambulance diversion (AD) status. In the Dutch ED the AD status is monitored by means of the traffic light system. This study aims to monitor AOD at the EDs of Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland (FGV). Methods A 10-week observational study was conducted at both the EDs of FGV. Ambulance personnel was queried regarding AOD duration and traffic light statuses by means of paper questionnaires. Descriptive statistics are reported as frequencies, medians and interquartile ranges (IQR). Associations between the traffic light status and categorical AOD data were analyzed using Chi-square tests. Results During the study period, 2967 ambulances arrived at the EDs. In 229 cases (7.7%), the definition of AOD was met. The median AOD was 16 min (IQR: 10–25 min). In 95.6% (n=2830) of the cases the handover time was less than 15 min. No statistically significant association was found between the traffic light status (green, orange, red) and offload delay categories (p=0.109). A non-significant difference remained (p=0.075) when comparing median AOD in the absence of an AD with the median AOD during an (impending) AD. Conclusion This is the first observational study conducted in the Netherlands collecting data regarding the AOD. The limited observation period, the reliance of self-reported data and the single-center design restricts the generalizability of the data. Consequently, the authors conclude hypothesis-generating findings which warrant validation through planned multicenter research. Nevertheless, besides the existing traffic light system, this unique study provides policy makers with a candidate complementary quality indicator for ED-crowding in the Dutch context. Keywords Crowding, Emergency Medical Services, Ambulance Diversion, Ambulance Offload Delay, Emergency Department, Hospital Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource S. Mol1*, J. D. G. Hageman-van Wamel1 , M. C. Van Der Linden2 , M. I. Gaakeer3 and V. A. De Ridder4 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01068-y Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Crowding, Emergency Medical Services, Ambulance Diversion, Ambulance Offload Delay, Emergency Department, Hospital https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/cd85b6d931b6b4cee6df609ba05dea53.pdf 3befc19c958ec485b8bf20d67d4bbdbb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A dramatic case: fatal air embolism due to intraosseous puncture Subject The topic of the resource Emergency vascular access, Intraosseous puncture, Air embolism Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Intraosseous access is a commonly used method for establishing vascular access in preclinical emergency care. It is often used when peripheral access cannot be established due to shock. Pressure infusions are used to overcome the resistance provided by the medullary cavity in order to achieve high flow rates needed for effective resuscitation. However, the literature to date does not seem to adequately describe the potential risks. In particular, air embolism is a potentially rare short-term fatal complication. The case We report on an elderly woman who lay comatose on the floor for at least six hours before she was found and given medical attention. In the emergency room, a CT scan showed large amounts of air in her venous system. This air came from an intraosseous line in her left tibia and entered the left pelvic vein, the ventral hepatic veins, the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries. Despite all conservative measures, the patient died 18hours later as a result of the air embolism. Discussion To date, there is no meaningful data in the literature on the use of pressure infusions via intraosseous access. The case described here highlights the risk of serious complications, which are probably underrepresented in the literature. There is an urgent need for self-reflection when dealing with this type of access and a necessity to develop clear guidelines regarding the inspection of connected systems and immediate emergency therapeutic measures. Conclusion This case highlights the critical importance of careful use of intraosseous access, especially in situations with numerous other challenges that can cause distractions. Wherever possible, connection to the pressure device should be avoided rather than prescribed as an absolute requirement. Keywords Emergency vascular access, Intraosseous puncture, Air embolism Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maximilian Muench1 , Luisa Schonhart1 , Konrad Steinestel2 , Daniel Gagiannis1 and Josefine Christine Baudrexl1* Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01066-0 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Emergency vascular access, Intraosseous puncture, Air embolism https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/615312723f2492a434b474628b3f22ec.pdf 3befc19c958ec485b8bf20d67d4bbdbb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A dramatic case: fatal air embolism due to intraosseous puncture Subject The topic of the resource Emergency vascular access, Intraosseous puncture, Air embolism Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Intraosseous access is a commonly used method for establishing vascular access in preclinical emergency care. It is often used when peripheral access cannot be established due to shock. Pressure infusions are used to overcome the resistance provided by the medullary cavity in order to achieve high flow rates needed for effective resuscitation. However, the literature to date does not seem to adequately describe the potential risks. In particular, air embolism is a potentially rare short-term fatal complication. The case We report on an elderly woman who lay comatose on the floor for at least six hours before she was found and given medical attention. In the emergency room, a CT scan showed large amounts of air in her venous system. This air came from an intraosseous line in her left tibia and entered the left pelvic vein, the ventral hepatic veins, the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries. Despite all conservative measures, the patient died 18hours later as a result of the air embolism. Discussion To date, there is no meaningful data in the literature on the use of pressure infusions via intraosseous access. The case described here highlights the risk of serious complications, which are probably underrepresented in the literature. There is an urgent need for self-reflection when dealing with this type of access and a necessity to develop clear guidelines regarding the inspection of connected systems and immediate emergency therapeutic measures. Conclusion This case highlights the critical importance of careful use of intraosseous access, especially in situations with numerous other challenges that can cause distractions. Wherever possible, connection to the pressure device should be avoided rather than prescribed as an absolute requirement. Keywords Emergency vascular access, Intraosseous puncture, Air embolism Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maximilian Muench1 , Luisa Schonhart1 , Konrad Steinestel2 , Daniel Gagiannis1 and Josefine Christine Baudrexl1* Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01066-0 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Emergency vascular access, Intraosseous puncture, Air embolism https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/964752edf815d6ac646621af946d229e.pdf 9447449d147049eb2d36013ed3c845d9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Machine learning-based classification of carotid plaques via ultrasound: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic performance Subject The topic of the resource Machine learning, Artificial intelligence, Ultrasound, Carotid artery plaque, Carotid atherosclerosis Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Machine learning (ML) models have gained traction for classifying carotid artery plaques via ultrasound imaging to differentiate high-risk (unstable) from low-risk (stable) plaques, a critical step for stroke risk prediction and guiding clinical interventions such as endarterectomy. However, prior studies report inconsistent diagnostic performance attributed to variations in algorithms, cohort diversity, and imaging protocols. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the pooled diagnostic accuracy of ML models for carotid plaque classification, addressing these inconsistencies to inform standardized clinical applications. Methods Five electronic databases were systematically searched up to February 28, 2025, for studies reporting diagnostic performance metrics of ML-based models in carotid plaque classification. Pooled performance metrics were analyzed using STATA, and the risk of bias was assessed using the PROBAST+AI tool. Results A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 13 provided sufficient data for quantitative synthesis. Sample sizes ranged from 15 to 413 patients, with 115– 81,000 images per study. Mean ages ranged from 27.5 to 75 years, mostly 60–70, and male representation ranged from 47% to 81%, except for one all-female cohort. The pooled sensitivity was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.74–0.90) and specificity was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.89–0.98), with a pooled AUC of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93–0.97). Substantial heterogeneity was observed (I2=88.8% for sensitivity, 64.1% for specificity, and 68.1% overall). Meta-regression identified sample size and model architecture as significant sources of between- study heterogeneity. No evidence of publication bias was detected (p=0.36). Quality assessment using PROBAST+AI indicated a low overall risk of bias in 70% of studies, moderate in 20%, and high in 10%. The GRADE approach rated the certainty of evidence as moderate, primarily due to inconsistency and study-level bias. Conclusion Machine learning models demonstrate promising diagnostic accuracy for carotid plaque classification, showing high pooled sensitivity and specificity. However, substantial heterogeneity and only moderate certainty of evidence suggest that these findings should be interpreted with caution. Keywords Machine learning, Artificial intelligence, Ultrasound, Carotid artery plaque, Carotid atherosclerosis Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Pooya Eini1* , Peyman Eini2 , Homa Serpoush3 , Mohammad Rezayee4 and Jason Tremblay4 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01065-1 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Machine learning, Artificial intelligence, Ultrasound, Carotid artery plaque, Carotid atherosclerosis https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/8610eddf08d4f807e72d90537175e3f1.pdf 6985aabf2bfa61e2e8bfe99b1323f6c5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Visualizing the prognostic value of neuron- specific enolase in acute ischemic stroke: a bibliometric analysis Subject The topic of the resource Acute ischemic stroke, Neuron specific enolase, Biomarkers, Bibliometric analysis Description An account of the resource Abstract Introduction In recent years, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has been explored as a suitable biomarker for cerebral damage, specifically following ischemic stroke. This bibliometric analysis sought to illuminate patterns in research published on NSE’s value as a biomarker for ischemic stroke by examining prominent authors, keywords, countries, and organizations in this field. Methods We conducted a bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science Core Collection. Publications were retrieved using the search string “ischemic stroke (Topic) AND enolase (Topic)” without language restriction, from database inception to June 2025. Extracted metadata were analyzed using VOSviewer (v1.6.20) to generate co-authorship, co-citation, and keyword maps. Analyses characterized key authors, institutions, and countries; mapped keyword co-occurrence; and described temporal trends. Bibliometric analysis was used to contextualize NSE’s prognostic value in ischemic stroke. Results A total of 465 documents were retrieved. China, the United States, and Germany were the most productive countries, with the U.S. having the highest citation impact. The University of Florida, Capital Medical University, and Central India Institute of Medical Sciences led institutional output. Ronald L. Hayes, Hatim F. Daginawala, and Robert S. B. Clark emerged as leading authors, with Clark having the highest citations. Frequently occurring keywords included “neuron-specific enolase,” “acute ischemic stroke,” and “cerebrospinal fluid.” Publication activity accelerated after 2016, with a notable rise from 2023 onward. Conclusion This bibliometric mapping reveals global but fragmented research on NSE as a biomarker for ischemic stroke. While NSE shows promise, clinical studies remain inconsistent regarding its predictive value, highlighting the need for large-scale, multicenter investigations. Bibliometric analysis helps identify gaps and collaborations critical to advancing NSE’s translation into clinical practice. Keywords Acute ischemic stroke, Neuron specific enolase, Biomarkers, Bibliometric analysis Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sofia Malik1 and Latha Ganti2* Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01064-2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource ENGLISH Type The nature or genre of the resource TEXT Acute ischemic stroke, Neuron specific enolase, Biomarkers, Bibliometric analysis