7 10 201 https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/2d6a59c369f84f5fc8c68b877a171bd2.pdf b8c1a4ffdc6eb1d46c854403fc2eb6ab Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A novel scoring algorithm for chest pain can effectively support the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in prehospital settings: a cross-sectional study Subject The topic of the resource Acute coronary syndrome, Chest pain, Emergency medical technicians, Optimizing patient transport, Risk assessment Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Early identification of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in prehospital settings is crucial for optimal patient outcomes. However, existing risk assessment tools require laboratory data, making them unsuitable for prehospital use. Therefore, emergency medical technicians (EMTs) lack appropriate tools for prehospital ACS assessment and must rely on individual diagnostic skills, despite the importance of reducing prehospital time. To address this issue, a novel scoring system—Nagasaki Prehospital Chest Pain Assessment & Risk Determination (N-CARD)—was developed using only prehospital information and validated for use by EMTs, with the aim of improving patient outcomes and optimizing healthcare resource utilization. Methods In total, 584 participants with chest pain or suspected cardiac etiology who underwent a prehospital 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) between April 2023 and March 2024 were analyzed. The prehospital diagnostic score for ACS, N-CARD score, was developed using logistic regression based on the following variables: age, pain location, pain type, pain duration, coronary risk factors, and 12-lead ECG findings. Modeling was performed separately for high- risk and low-risk groups based on prior coronary artery disease (CAD) history. The model’s performance was internally validated using bootstrap methods. Results The N-CARD scoring system was developed separately for participants without (N=433) and with (N=151) a history of CAD. The score ranged from −1 to 10 for those without a history of CAD and 0 to 32 for those with a history of CAD. For participants without a history of CAD, scores≥6 suggested ACS (specificity>90%), whereas scores≤3 suggested non-ACS (sensitivity>90%), with an optimism-corrected area under the curve (AUC) of 0.90. For participants with a history of CAD, scores≥24 suggested ACS, whereas scores≤6 suggested non-ACS, with an optimism-corrected AUC of 0.69. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Keita Iyama1*† , Shuntaro Sato2†, Ryohei Akashi3 , Kensho Baba4 , Koichi Hayakawa1,5, Satoshi Ikeda3 , Koji Maemura3 and Osamu Tasaki1 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01019-7 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/a249a8c519062dbc9d76eab626605d23.pdf 0709560b62e78cd6a601a3fa8d69a2fc Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Visualizing the landscape of ocular melanoma research: a bibliometric analysis Subject The topic of the resource Uveal, Ocular, Melanoma, Ocular melanoma Description An account of the resource Abstract Introduction Ocular melanoma is a type of malignancy affecting the eye. Symptoms can include dark spots near or around the iris or the mucous membrane of the eyes. Treatments include radiation, laser therapy, and enucleation or evisceration of the eye. Method A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the database Web of Science. VosViewer version 1.6.20 was utilized to import tab-delimited files and visualize the data from Web of Science. Results Data was collected from 1990 to 2024, with 2021 being the highest publication year (258). The U.S. (1,950), Germany (405), and England (205) released the greatest number of publications. From those countries, Thomas Jefferson University and Leiden University released the largest number of articles written about ocular melanoma. Conclusion Ocular melanoma is a rare type of cancer affecting people worldwide. As medicinal research advances over time, the ability to prevent and treat ocular melanoma steadily improves. Over the past years (1990–2024), there has been a general increase in the number of publications regarding ocular melanoma. There have been gaps in the research in South Asian and African demographics, showing that these communities have not brought enough attention to this disease. Keywords Uveal, Ocular, Melanoma, Ocular melanoma Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maya Lee1 , Ethan Nichols2 , Vindhya N. Reddy3 and Latha Ganti4* Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01018-8 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Uveal, Ocular, Melanoma, Ocular melanoma https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/a58a1696649334a2a84ded374f67c7af.pdf e3bb1714e3ecfe40756810b0a0af1351 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Use of artificial intelligence in diagnosis and prognosis of traumatic brain injury: a scoping review Subject The topic of the resource Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has been increasingly recognized Description An account of the resource Abstract Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has been increasingly recognized as a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Objective To summarize clinical applications of artificial intelligence, including machine learning and deep learning, in the diagnosis and prognosis of traumatic brain injury. Methods The authors conducted a scoping review of original clinical research studies on humans published in English after January 1, 2014. A search was performed using PubMed, including PMC, MEDLINE, and Bookshelf. The search terms were applied to the title field and included: (TBI) AND (Artificial Intelligence OR Machine Learning OR Deep Learning). Studies meeting inclusion criteria were screened and selected for review. The reference lists of the included studies were also screened to identify any additional eligible articles. Results Of 493 studies identified, seven met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis, which summarizes study title, publication year, study objective, key findings, and conclusions. Conclusion Artificial intelligence shows promise in aiding diagnosis and improving prognostic insights in traumatic brain injury. Although few clinical trials have been conducted, early results are encouraging. Future progress will require more clinical studies and efforts to address the current limitations of AI tools in medicine. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Cecily May1,2, Murdoc Gould3 and Sreeja Natesan4* Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01017-9 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has been increasingly recognized https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/fc689e9ff17dad0b1981c613ad5d70ce.pdf 1469c44e48cd3b10fd5365d7a29ea226 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vascular access for initial treatment of adult emergency patients in the resuscitation room: short summary of recommendations from the German national S1 guideline Subject The topic of the resource Vascular access, Peripheral intravenous line, Central venous catheter, Arterial line, Resuscitation room, Emergency department Description An account of the resource Vascular access for initial treatment of adult emergency patients in the resuscitation room: short summary of recommendations from the German national S1 guideline Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Manuel Florian Struck1*, Dan Bieler2 , Anett Henck3,4, Carsten Hermes5,6, Michael Kegel7 , Matthias Klein8 , Philipp Kümpers9 , Dominik Michalski10 and Michael Bernhard11 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01015-x Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Vascular access, Peripheral intravenous line https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/df94f9ae369fe39606a6851ef1848698.pdf 870435cdd059821a1c7d2004c3de8b1c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Utility of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and surgical magnets for management of the patient with gunshot injury to the heart and pericardium in Russia-Ukraine war Subject The topic of the resource Gunshot injury to chest, Gunshot injury to heart, Gunshot injury to pericardium, Russo-Ukrainian war, Gunshot injury and VATS Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Russia-Ukraine war is associated with various kinds of ballistic injuries because of the application of all kinds of weapons. Gunshot injury to the heart and pericardium is rare and associated with high mortality. The video- assisted thoracoscopy surgery (VATS) is rarely performed in combat settings. The aim of the report was to investigate and demonstrate the approach to manage severe gunshot injury to the heart with damage to the pericardium by using VATS and surgical magnets in a combat patient injured in the battlefield area of the Russo-Ukrainian war. Case presentation A 43-year-old male patient received a gunshot injury to the chest in a battlefield area in East Ukraine. 60 min after the injury, the patient was evacuated to the forward surgical team. The patient was evaluated at the Role 3 hospital in Kharkiv. VATS pericardial window (fenestration) was performed, followed by removal of the bullet from the pericardial sac as well as chest re-draining by Bulau under general anesthesia. The patient was discharged on the 12th day after the injury. Conclusions The ballistic injuries in the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war are severe and associated with rare wounds to the pericardium. The CT scan and X-ray under a C-arc machine are useful diagnostic tools for the identification of bullets or other projectiles. VATS and surgical magnets might be considered for selected patients for the management of gunshot injuries to the heart in combat patients. Keywords Gunshot injury to chest, Gunshot injury to heart, Gunshot injury to pericardium, Russo-Ukrainian war, Gunshot injury and VATS Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Igor Lurin1,2 , Eduard Khoroshun3,4, Vitalii Makarov3,4, Volodymyr Nehoduiko3,4, Yurii Bunin3 , Sumeet Kumar Behera6 , Maksym Gorobeiko1,5 and Andrii Dinets1,5,6* Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01013-z Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Gunshot injury to chest, Gunshot injury to heart, Gunshot injury to pericardium, Russo-Ukrainian war, Gunshot injury and VATS https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/8aa5db4cc40c4ae32d12a408580bf2a7.pdf 005a824b253c8e3faedbfd475fc857ce Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Serial electrical cardioversion for refractory atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response post ablation Subject The topic of the resource Atrial fibrillation, Catheter ablation, Recurrent atrial fibrillation, Electrical cardioversion, Serial electrical cardioversion, Antiarrhythmic drugs, Rapid ventricular response Description An account of the resource Abstract The authors present the case of a man in his 50s who arrived at the ED with palpitations and persistent tachycardia a month after undergoing catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response, and a week after electrical cardioversion in our ED. He was once again successfully cardioverted in our ED. The unique aspect of this case is how refractory his case was. This case highlights the limitations of current AF management strategies in achieving durable rhythm control, particularly following ablation. It underscores the importance of timely follow-up, individualized treatment planning, and consideration of additional interventions such as repeat ablation or atrioventricular nodal ablation with pacemaker placement in refractory cases. Serial ECV can provide temporary relief but should be viewed as a bridge to more definitive therapy. Serial Electrical Cardioversion for Refractory Atrial Fibrillation with Rapid Ventricular Response Post Ablation. Keywords Atrial fibrillation, Catheter ablation, Recurrent atrial fibrillation, Electrical cardioversion, Serial electrical cardioversion, Antiarrhythmic drugs, Rapid ventricular response Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Katherine Liu1,2, Nofel Iftikhar3 and Latha Ganti4* Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01012-0 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Atrial fibrillation, Catheter ablation, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/3cdee5b37b6b9728b07f0c2e52547cd5.pdf e31811f63a1e196c89457445fdfb7234 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Segmental spleen and left kidney infarction induced by vasoconstriction in a methamphetamine abuser patient: a case report Subject The topic of the resource Methamphetamine, Vasoconstriction, Vasospasm, Infarction Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Methamphetamine is one of the most used illicit drugs worldwide that affects different systems of the body by an immediate and sustained increase of monoamines. Its effect on the central nervous system (CNS) and neurotoxic effects are best known. There are also many reports of its effects on vasoconstriction in some peripheral and large caliber arteries, which results in different organ and limb disturbances. Case presentation We report a rare case of a man with simultaneous spleen and left kidney infarction captured on contrast-enhanced computed tomographyeffects, without evidence of thrombosis or atherosclerosis, findings strongly suggestive of methamphetamine-induced vasospasm. The patient’s abdominal pain improved under observation within days without apparent tissue loss or organ failure. Unfortunately, the patient passed away as a result of bradycardia and cardiac arrest. Conclusion This very rare case highlights the potentially severe vasospastic complications of methamphetamine abuse, which may result in multiorgan infarction. The fatal outcome in this patient was primarily due to underlying cardiac disease and endocarditis, although methamphetamine-associated cardiovascular strain could not be excluded as a contributor. Clinicians should consider vascular events in methamphetamine users presenting with atypical abdominal pain or any signs of organ dysfunction. Keywords Methamphetamine, Vasoconstriction, Vasospasm, Infarction Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alireza Javidan1 , Mahdi Rezai1 , Reza Mosaddegh1 , Najmeh Zarei Jelyani2 and Raha Latifaltojar3* Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01011-1 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Methamphetamine, Vasoconstriction, Vasospasm, Infarction https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/67091214fa00797e3bbfb28c926a9baf.pdf 4b547ac3bd036d1b15639a7e794eac4a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Improving patient outcomes through quality improvement and safety culture interventions in pediatric emergency care: a systematic review of best practices Subject The topic of the resource Pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) Description An account of the resource Abstract Pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) are high-risk environments where patient injury can result from delays, unclear diagnoses, and poor communication. Quality improvement (QI) and safety culture initiatives are increasingly being used to improve outcomes, but their interaction in PEDs remains underexplored. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated how safety culture and QI initiatives impact clinical and functional outcomes in PEDs. In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science through December 2024. We included 31 studies, most of which used pre/post designs; one was a randomized controlled trial. Most interventions aimed to improve care in PEDs by focusing on protocol standardization, safety checklists, simulation-based training and leadership engagement tailored to the pediatric emergency department (PED) setting. Meta-analyses showed a significant decrease in unnecessary radiation exposure (6.45%-20.55%; p<0.0001) and PED length of stay (LOS) (~25 minutes; p<0.05). Additional findings included decreased healthcare expenses, unnecessary interventions, and better patient flow. Most studies were at moderate risk of bias across the assessed domains with ROBINS-I tool. . These findings suggest that QI techniques can significantly improve the quality and efficiency of care when supported by a strong safety culture. These results show how essential it is to bring together both practical processes and cultural changes to build reliable, lasting systems that truly meet the unique needs of PEDs. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Chibuike Daniel Onyejesi1 , Sarah Makram Elsayed2 , John Magdy Daniel Isaac3 , Eslam Moumen Abady4 , Wafaa Shehada5 , Joseph Alhaddad6 and Mohammed Alsabri7* Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01010-2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource texk ediatric emergency departments (PEDs) https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/ea2e1194a4ec1372f38f2aba030e16ee.pdf 6e831ee257906ca82dad02731add3b42 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource AI-enhanced crowdsourcing for disaster management: strengthening community resilience through social media Subject The topic of the resource Disaster management, Community resilience, Social media analytics, Artificial intelligence, Crowdsourcing, AI-enhanced crowdsourcing Description An account of the resource Abstract As disasters become more frequent and complex, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with crowdsourced data from social media is emerging as a powerful approach to enhance disaster management and community resilience. This study investigates the potential of AI-enhanced crowdsourcing to improve emergency preparedness and response. A systematic review was conducted using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, guided by the PRISMA framework, to identify and evaluate relevant literature. The findings reveal that AI systems can effectively process real-time social media data to deliver timely alerts, coordinate emergency actions, and engage communities. Key themes explored include the effectiveness of community participation, AI’s capacity to manage large-scale information flows, and the challenges posed by misinformation, data privacy, and infrastructural limitations. The results suggest that when strategically implemented, AI-enhanced crowdsourcing can play a critical role in building adaptive and sustainable disaster management frameworks. The paper concludes with practical and policy-level recommendations for integrating these technologies into Pakistan’s disaster management systems. Keywords Disaster management, Community resilience, Social media analytics, Artificial intelligence, Crowdsourcing, AI-enhanced crowdsourcing Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sheikh Kamran Abid1*, Ruhizal Roosli1 , Umber Nazir2 and Nur Shazwani Kamarudin2 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01009-9 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text Disaster management, Community resilience, Social media analytic https://repository.horizon.ac.id/files/original/1f017e0f6135a0769d593f02ea1580a2.pdf 015ff7e38345d619a278394c79f02821 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Volume 18 Issue 1 2025 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Domain validation of the CRASH prognostic model for predicting 14-day mortality among patients with traumatic brain injury with intracranial hemorrhage in a Thai emergency department Subject The topic of the resource The original CRASH prediction model demonstrates strong discriminative ability for predicting 14-day mortality in TBI patients; however, significant miscalibration was observed. Description An account of the resource Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant health concern, with intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) being a common complication following injury. The CRASH prediction model plays a crucial role in clinical prognostication and decision-making within this patient group. However, external validation is critical to ensure the model’s validity and applicability across different populations and settings beyond those in which it was originally developed. This study aimed to validate the CRASH prediction model for 14-day mortality among TBI patients with ICH presenting to a Thai emergency department. Methods This retrospective study included adult TBI patients with ICH who visited the emergency department (ED) at Ramathibodi Hospital, Thailand, between 2020 and 2022. The Basic model, which incorporates age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (3–15), pupillary reaction, and major extracranial injury, and the CT model, which extends the Basic model by including CT findings, were evaluated for their discriminative ability and calibration. Results A total of 232 patients were included in the validation dataset. Significant differences in clinical characteristics were observed between the datasets, including older age, predominance of mild TBI, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and non-evacuated hematoma in the validation dataset. The observed 14-day mortality rate in this cohort was 9.1%, compared to 20.7% in the development dataset. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AuROC) was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.84, 1.00) for the Basic model and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.86, 1.00) for the CT model. However, the calibration for both models was fair. Recalibration achieved better predictive accuracy and reduced overestimation in high-risk groups. Conclusion The original CRASH prediction model demonstrates strong discriminative ability for predicting 14-day mortality in TBI patients; however, significant miscalibration was observed. Recalibration was therefore undertaken to Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Welawat Tienpratarn1,2,3, Phichayut Phinyo2,3*, Chaiyaporn Yuksen1 , Sirote Wongwaisayawan4 , Jiraporn Khorana2,3,5 and Jayanton Patumanond3 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-01008-w Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Peri Irawan Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pdf Language A language of the resource english Type The nature or genre of the resource text The original CRASH prediction model demonstrates strong discriminative ability