Risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in older people in slum areas: a cross-sectional study
Dublin Core
Title
Risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in older people in slum areas: a cross-sectional study
Subject
metabolic syndrome, obesity, older people, public health, risk factors
Description
Introduction: Older people are at high risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), non-communicable diseases, and mortality.
This makes it difficult for older people in slum areas to achieve healthy and productive quality of life (QOL). In Indonesia,
a developing country with a significant and growing number of slum areas, research on this issue remains scarce. This
study aimed to analyze the risk factors that play a role in the incidence of MetS in older people living in slum areas.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The participants were male and female residents aged ≥45 years, with a total
sample size of 150. The participants were selected through simple random sampling from a list of older people. Data
analysis was performed using the chi-squared test for bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression for multivariate
analysis.
Results: The majority of the participants were female (62%), aged between 60-74 years (53.33%), with low-level
education (86%), nutritional status in the overweight and obese categories (41.4%), and residence duration <5 years
(70%). There was a significant association between district (p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) with
MetS. Overweight participants were more likely to have MetS (AOR 3.75; 95%CI, 1.37-10.24), and the risk was higher
among those with obesity (AOR 11.85; 95%CI, 3.90-35.97).
Conclusions: The risk of MetS in slum dwellers is higher if they are overweight or obese. Periodic evaluation of body
weight can help to control the incidence of MetS.
This makes it difficult for older people in slum areas to achieve healthy and productive quality of life (QOL). In Indonesia,
a developing country with a significant and growing number of slum areas, research on this issue remains scarce. This
study aimed to analyze the risk factors that play a role in the incidence of MetS in older people living in slum areas.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The participants were male and female residents aged ≥45 years, with a total
sample size of 150. The participants were selected through simple random sampling from a list of older people. Data
analysis was performed using the chi-squared test for bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression for multivariate
analysis.
Results: The majority of the participants were female (62%), aged between 60-74 years (53.33%), with low-level
education (86%), nutritional status in the overweight and obese categories (41.4%), and residence duration <5 years
(70%). There was a significant association between district (p < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) with
MetS. Overweight participants were more likely to have MetS (AOR 3.75; 95%CI, 1.37-10.24), and the risk was higher
among those with obesity (AOR 11.85; 95%CI, 3.90-35.97).
Conclusions: The risk of MetS in slum dwellers is higher if they are overweight or obese. Periodic evaluation of body
weight can help to control the incidence of MetS.
Creator
Sri Supadmi1* , Marizka Khairunnisa1
, Ina Kusrini1
, Agus Wijanarka2
, Titik Kuntari3
,
Sidiq Purwoko1
, Taufiq Hidayat1
, Tri Suwarno3
, and Slamet Riyanto1
, Ina Kusrini1
, Agus Wijanarka2
, Titik Kuntari3
,
Sidiq Purwoko1
, Taufiq Hidayat1
, Tri Suwarno3
, and Slamet Riyanto1
Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v20i4.66748
Date
28 November 2025
Contributor
peri irawan
Format
pdf
Language
english
Type
text
Files
Collection
Citation
Sri Supadmi1* , Marizka Khairunnisa1
, Ina Kusrini1
, Agus Wijanarka2
, Titik Kuntari3
,
Sidiq Purwoko1
, Taufiq Hidayat1
, Tri Suwarno3
, and Slamet Riyanto1, “Risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in older people in slum areas: a cross-sectional study,” Repository Horizon University Indonesia, accessed February 21, 2026, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/items/show/11161.