The Risk of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathies among Diabetic Patients Living in Urban and Rural Areas
Dublin Core
Title
The Risk of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathies among Diabetic Patients Living in Urban and Rural Areas
Subject
Delivery of health care; diabetic neuropathies; rural population;
type 2 diabetes mellitus; urban population
type 2 diabetes mellitus; urban population
Description
Background: Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication
of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and is closely linked to poor glycemic control.
However, little is known about how environmental and lifestyle differences between
urban and rural settings affect the risk of DPN.
Purpose: This study aimed to identify and compare the risk factors of DPN among
T2DM patients living in rural and urban areas.
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional design with convenience sampling was
used to recruit 156 T2DM patients from both urban (Surabaya) and rural
(Lamongan) areas of East Java, Indonesia. Data were collected using the Vascular
Quality of Life-6 (VQ-6), Diabetic Neuropathy Symptom (DNS), Diabetic
Neuropathy Examination (DNE), and Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). Logistic
regression was performed for analysis, with a significance level set at p<0.05.
Results: The mean age of rural participants was 55.86 (SD=8.4) years, slightly
younger than that of urban participants at 57.27 (SD=9.3) years. Urban residents
had higher education levels (37.7%), but engaged less in regular physical activity
(51.9%). The risks of DPN were significantly higher in rural areas (p<0.05), with key
contributing factors including higher ABI (OR=17.07), more diabetic neuropathic
symptoms (OR=3.35), multiple diabetes medications (OR=10.27), lower physical
activity (OR=0.24), and lower education level (OR=0.25). Of these, ABI was the
strongest predictor of DPN risks.
Conclusion: Rural T2DM patients are at greater risk of DPN due to vascular and
neuropathic complications combined with sociodemographic disadvantages. These
findings highlight the importance of early detection and tailored education
programs for rural communities to prevent and manage DPN.
of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and is closely linked to poor glycemic control.
However, little is known about how environmental and lifestyle differences between
urban and rural settings affect the risk of DPN.
Purpose: This study aimed to identify and compare the risk factors of DPN among
T2DM patients living in rural and urban areas.
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional design with convenience sampling was
used to recruit 156 T2DM patients from both urban (Surabaya) and rural
(Lamongan) areas of East Java, Indonesia. Data were collected using the Vascular
Quality of Life-6 (VQ-6), Diabetic Neuropathy Symptom (DNS), Diabetic
Neuropathy Examination (DNE), and Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). Logistic
regression was performed for analysis, with a significance level set at p<0.05.
Results: The mean age of rural participants was 55.86 (SD=8.4) years, slightly
younger than that of urban participants at 57.27 (SD=9.3) years. Urban residents
had higher education levels (37.7%), but engaged less in regular physical activity
(51.9%). The risks of DPN were significantly higher in rural areas (p<0.05), with key
contributing factors including higher ABI (OR=17.07), more diabetic neuropathic
symptoms (OR=3.35), multiple diabetes medications (OR=10.27), lower physical
activity (OR=0.24), and lower education level (OR=0.25). Of these, ABI was the
strongest predictor of DPN risks.
Conclusion: Rural T2DM patients are at greater risk of DPN due to vascular and
neuropathic complications combined with sociodemographic disadvantages. These
findings highlight the importance of early detection and tailored education
programs for rural communities to prevent and manage DPN.
Creator
Arina Qona’ah1
, Ika Nur Pratiwi1
, Zulfayandi Pawanis2, Laura Navika Yamani3, Eskarani Tri Pratiwi4,
Nursalam Nursalam5, Vimala Ramoo6
, Ika Nur Pratiwi1
, Zulfayandi Pawanis2, Laura Navika Yamani3, Eskarani Tri Pratiwi4,
Nursalam Nursalam5, Vimala Ramoo6
Source
https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v15i2.56936
Date
29 August 2025
Contributor
peri irawan
Format
pdf
Language
english
Type
text
Files
Collection
Citation
Arina Qona’ah1
, Ika Nur Pratiwi1
, Zulfayandi Pawanis2, Laura Navika Yamani3, Eskarani Tri Pratiwi4,
Nursalam Nursalam5, Vimala Ramoo6, “The Risk of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathies among Diabetic Patients Living in Urban and Rural Areas,” Repository Horizon University Indonesia, accessed February 22, 2026, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/items/show/11331.