Prevalence of Workplace Microaggressions and Racial Discrimination:
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Dublin Core
Title
Prevalence of Workplace Microaggressions and Racial Discrimination:
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Subject
Microaggression
Prevalence
Racial discrimination
Workplace
Prevalence
Racial discrimination
Workplace
Description
In recent years, the rise of workplace racial discrimination and microaggressions has
decreased the efficiency and productivity of organizations and institutions, and realization of organizational goals globally. Accordingly, it was decided to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis in
the present study with the aim of investigating the prevalence of microaggression and racial discrimination in the workplace.
Methods: The PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched for studies that had reported the effects of work stress among managers. The search
did include a lower time limit and was conducted in June 2023. The heterogeneity of the studies was
investigated using the I
2 index, and accordingly random effects method was adopted for meta-analysis.
Data analysis was conducted with the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (v.2) software.
Results: In the review of seven studies with a sample size of 2998 people, the overall prevalence of
microaggression and racial discrimination in the workplace was found to be 73.6% and 18.8%, respectively. Publication bias within the selected studies was examined with the Egger’s test, which indicated
the absence of publication bias for the pooled prevalence of workplace microaggression (p: 0.264) and
for the pooled prevalence of workplace racial discrimination (p: 0.061).
Conclusion: The results obtained from this report indicate the high impact of micro-aggression and racial
discrimination in the workplace. Considering the negative effects of such behaviours, the findings from
this study will be helpful to managers and health policymakers.
decreased the efficiency and productivity of organizations and institutions, and realization of organizational goals globally. Accordingly, it was decided to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis in
the present study with the aim of investigating the prevalence of microaggression and racial discrimination in the workplace.
Methods: The PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched for studies that had reported the effects of work stress among managers. The search
did include a lower time limit and was conducted in June 2023. The heterogeneity of the studies was
investigated using the I
2 index, and accordingly random effects method was adopted for meta-analysis.
Data analysis was conducted with the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (v.2) software.
Results: In the review of seven studies with a sample size of 2998 people, the overall prevalence of
microaggression and racial discrimination in the workplace was found to be 73.6% and 18.8%, respectively. Publication bias within the selected studies was examined with the Egger’s test, which indicated
the absence of publication bias for the pooled prevalence of workplace microaggression (p: 0.264) and
for the pooled prevalence of workplace racial discrimination (p: 0.061).
Conclusion: The results obtained from this report indicate the high impact of micro-aggression and racial
discrimination in the workplace. Considering the negative effects of such behaviours, the findings from
this study will be helpful to managers and health policymakers.
Creator
Nader Salari 1,2
, Ahoura Fattah 3
, Amin Hosseinian-Far 4
, Mojdeh Larti 2
, Sina Sharifi 5
,
Masoud Mohammadi 6,*
, Ahoura Fattah 3
, Amin Hosseinian-Far 4
, Mojdeh Larti 2
, Sina Sharifi 5
,
Masoud Mohammadi 6,*
Source
https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/287282/1-s2.0-S2093791124X00049/1-s2.0-S2093791124000349/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEFIaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJIMEYCIQCTixa7ekObbbfWGhGjbm%2F9CLdlutgwEo9HyRsrEKYNZwIhAPf%2BhUxBKJ6FjHiiOn%2B2TL8%2F1GwZsU2%2BJGtSGLilnMuZKrMFCBoQBRoMMDU5MDAzNTQ2ODY1IgxoJrOykQYFhyt4hb0qkAVjIoveYhJvGxUfMeKXJpozw8R6Qkyd2CD8lqUkCo2VX9J1Tlop%2BzqDD9irij9NzS2aMiNnxSWcNTn2SdKiJI5NSVis%2BqRyPzvvtuNFnbPA3eB7iTQhKRS8H%2BGFiFPg16XHj4S4XBveM0otS9cIBOGPgpzpCt%2FrI%2F%2BJAtogX418gRupDYczcIzciADYlgDK3IngXsaJXboN%2BFrjnBlVie1ax0zD9bWVyqSCoPP8DDU7E%2BKe9ijOj3QZ6OMa%2FqIkK5dzO5i4zRtZNoqcH4d4V3iHZ7yBNFp48Mzj1LCyaaq2g9%2FvpbmT27HpA2pM8XpNmltDtC%2FjJn1L80b0xB5fkSCA4cTJw7duCciZ%2FQXxjPTW7cjVHlMcJB8vNdmtIJIgLlWLIA5C1ultvSzoQNN5PlHTHh8ocEnbmvtL5PvUbFgMLW0JpF76LEXKcr9YbBddfYTTCfDiRpEsG93LWEBiXtj1NVJspNNyKocdRGjMyH2BVLvs%2F%2FSfmILhIxOnV%2FeHisOBvQJP7AV1M1OaxeMoqhKT%2FMlBnlfLuBrwKujO8%2BmOWAbQopXO%2FF07e1LcM28jzP2yubsB%2Bzh6SAmX73%2BdlaF0N7gf1h7puWoIVsKuMjFF%2B1%2FwcCmg5Fdaa6Yla1REEoon607whEhyX5Q%2BujdO0PaPy2QbCVQP7uoZiNxqfqclhY19%2Fs3o2tTNq8yoHMi32YhNpgrPICvGRg5alnC%2F0rLJXrNwoYs5WkwDtpPQ%2FTJrE2vTJwyLgSrXyn7LvOPjmf8HN%2FrCNLlvqUn4Kpgm%2FJ1epsUTCUEy%2B0yITA%2FIIVnb0Cfr7hrVnUV0xsKIfqr83mvro%2F5KIXKaOpxisPV9SPQQTxhMHMQ9Ci3sXS0WzwvFlTCluf7MBjqwAVuNxgiuo5iyjgCXlGua51BWnwDjI78rcZX4RKNh17KoXmc%2BUkqiL2JY4a2Y88Dw57%2BguEXi6%2BeFKVnZ79N4pM1qz0g1r6fAS7VJ6ZyZuFtOgB%2BZOF%2BNZlrt29OOs2weAl2NwPtnHRsvNuudke1d3WHY4mGVy%2B0FL09MgwuWa8uMjZ6hpGdi%2FB2hN7B%2BAT4S9c7tt9fXtQlPD%2BQBQjdFUwcFrnPMYy12o%2FGo6y441juS&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20260226T014952Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-Credential=ASIAQ3PHCVTY5AIGGWAK%2F20260226%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=589b3d4e60af0b9416ffede1c709985f181dbf7fdca24abd3bb642815588e433&hash=adf74e86e94ddc29ea5cb551f81b624e45159634fb74bb5e6326c0cccd3ba957&host=68042c943591013ac2b2430a89b270f6af2c76d8dfd086a07176afe7c76c2c61&pii=S2093791124000349&tid=spdf-4922ee5b-a3f0-4338-b0f6-b0ea2f969912&sid=830681cc5d60f646526bf61913cd5206d1e8gxrqb&type=client&tsoh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&rh=d3d3LnNjaWVuY2VkaXJlY3QuY29t&ua=0b015e065400025e04&rr=9d3bc9d15d4fd8ca&cc=id
Publisher
1Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Medical Biology Research Centre, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
4Department of Business Analytics & Systems, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9EU, UK 5 Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
6 Research Center for NonCommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
2 Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Medical Biology Research Centre, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
4Department of Business Analytics & Systems, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9EU, UK 5 Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
6 Research Center for NonCommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
Date
15 May 2024
Contributor
FAJAR BAGUS W
Format
PDF
Language
ENGLISH
Type
TEXT
Files
Citation
Nader Salari 1,2
, Ahoura Fattah 3
, Amin Hosseinian-Far 4
, Mojdeh Larti 2
, Sina Sharifi 5
,
Masoud Mohammadi 6,*
, “Prevalence of Workplace Microaggressions and Racial Discrimination:
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis,” Repository Horizon University Indonesia, accessed April 11, 2026, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/items/show/11764.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis,” Repository Horizon University Indonesia, accessed April 11, 2026, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/items/show/11764.