Balancing and Conflict Between Work and Family Life of Sandwiched
Caregivers: A Scoping Review

Balancing and Conflict Between Work and Family Life of Sandwiched
Caregivers: A Scoping Review

Sandwiched caregiver
Workefamily life balance
Workefamily life conflict

The aim of this scoping review was to advance our understanding of the balancing and conflict between
work and family life experienced by sandwiched caregivers. Five online databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE,
PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library) were systematically searched between 20 Apr 2024 and 11 July
2024 for articles written in English and published between 1999 and July 2024, focused on the impact
factors on workefamily life balance and/or conflict of sandwiched caregivers. These database searches
identified 58 citations, which resulted in 46 unique articles following the removal of duplicates. Title and
abstract screening were identified for full-text review, twenty of these were excluded at full-text review,
and leaving 13 articles for inclusion. We identified and categorized them into three key themes: (1)
conflicts between work and family life and (2) impact of conflicts between work and family life on
psychological well-being and (3) coping with conflicts between work and family life. The literature reviews suggested that the balance and conflict between work and family life were associated with work
hours, flexibilities in work and workplace, and partner support in the sandwiched caregivers. Especially,
flexible work arrangements and maintaining social connection were the stress-coping strategies for
balancing work and family life. In an aging society, building a truly supportive and flexible workplace
culture, along with increasing and utilizing formal care services for child-rearing and aged care, is more
effective in promoting the well-being of sandwiched caregivers.

Ayumi Honda 1,2
, Mayo Ono 2
, Takahiro Nishida 2
, Sumihisa Honda 2

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1Department of Nursing, St. Mary’s College, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan 2Department of Nursing, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan

15 April 2025

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