Moderating Effect of Psychosocial Safety Climate on the Association of
Job Demands and Job Resources With Psychological Distress Among
Japanese Employees: A Cross-sectional Study

Moderating Effect of Psychosocial Safety Climate on the Association of
Job Demands and Job Resources With Psychological Distress Among
Japanese Employees: A Cross-sectional Study

Amplifying effect
Buffering effect
Job demands-resources model
Primary prevention
Psychosocial risks

We examined the moderating (buffering or amplifying) effect of psychosocial safety climate
(PSC) on the association of job demands (psychological demands) and job resources (job control, supervisor support, coworker support, and extrinsic reward) with psychological distress among Japanese
employees.
Methods: A self-report web-based questionnaire was administered to 2,200 employees (1,100 men and
1,100 women) registered with a Japanese private online survey company. The questionnaire included
scales on job demands and job resources (the Job Content Questionnaire and the short-form Effort
eReward Imbalance Questionnaire), PSC (the 12-item PSC scale), and psychological distress (the K6
scale) and items on participants’ demographic and occupational characteristics (age, gender, education,
occupation, work form, and working hours per week). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were
performed using psychological distress as a dependent variable. Interaction terms of job demands and
job resources with PSC were included.
Results: There was a significant interaction effect of psychological demands with PSC on psychological
distress (b ¼ 0.053, p ¼ 0.008), adjusted for demographic and occupational characteristics. Post hoc
simple slope analysis showed that the simple slope of psychological demands was lesser at higher levels
of PSC (1 standard deviation above the mean) (b ¼ 0.101, p < 0.001) than at lower levels (1 standard
deviation below the mean) (b ¼ 0.199, p < 0.001). No significant interactions were observed between job
resources and PSC.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that PSC buffers the positive association of psychological demands with
psychological distress

Akiomi Inoue 1,*, Hisashi Eguchi 2
, Yuko Kachi 3
, Akizumi Tsutsumi 3

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1 Institutional Research Center, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
2Department of Mental Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan 3Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan

3 February 2025

Fajar Bagus Wijanarko

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