The Relationship Between Self-Criticism and Hemoglobin A1c Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Dublin Core
Title
The Relationship Between Self-Criticism and Hemoglobin A1c Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Subject
diabetes mellitus,
hemoglobin A1c,
self-criticism
hemoglobin A1c,
self-criticism
Description
Introduction: Type 2 DM is still one of the metabolic diseases with a
prevalence that continues to increase globally, including Indonesia. The
problem that arises is that psychosocial factors, including distress due to
diabetes, self-compassion, and self-criticism, have been identified as
factors that can affect glucose regulation and quality of life of Type 2 DM
patients. The Purpose of this Study is to Identify the Relationship Between
Self-Criticism and Hemoglobin A1c Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus.
Methods: This study employed a correlational design to examine the
relationship between self-criticism with the glucose index in patients with
type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at the Pesantren I Primary Health Center, Kediri
City. The Self-criticism was assessed using the Forms of Self-
Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS), and Hemoglobin
A1c levels were examined using a Portable Analyzer. The collected data
were analyzed using the regression test (α < 0.05).
Results: The study showed that the self-criticism of Type 2 DM sufferers
was mostly high (66%), with the results of the Hemoglobin A1c Levels
being mostly abnormal (67%). There is no relationship between Self-
Criticism and Hemoglobin A1c Levels of Type 2 DM sufferers (p = 0.96).
Conclusion: Self-criticism does not directly affect the hemoglobin A1c
levels. The findings emphasize that Hemoglobin A1c Levels in patients with
diabetes mellitus are predominantly influenced by biological factors (such
as dietary adherence, physical activity, pharmacological therapy, and
metabolic conditions), rather than by a single psychological factor such as
self-compassion.
prevalence that continues to increase globally, including Indonesia. The
problem that arises is that psychosocial factors, including distress due to
diabetes, self-compassion, and self-criticism, have been identified as
factors that can affect glucose regulation and quality of life of Type 2 DM
patients. The Purpose of this Study is to Identify the Relationship Between
Self-Criticism and Hemoglobin A1c Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus.
Methods: This study employed a correlational design to examine the
relationship between self-criticism with the glucose index in patients with
type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at the Pesantren I Primary Health Center, Kediri
City. The Self-criticism was assessed using the Forms of Self-
Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS), and Hemoglobin
A1c levels were examined using a Portable Analyzer. The collected data
were analyzed using the regression test (α < 0.05).
Results: The study showed that the self-criticism of Type 2 DM sufferers
was mostly high (66%), with the results of the Hemoglobin A1c Levels
being mostly abnormal (67%). There is no relationship between Self-
Criticism and Hemoglobin A1c Levels of Type 2 DM sufferers (p = 0.96).
Conclusion: Self-criticism does not directly affect the hemoglobin A1c
levels. The findings emphasize that Hemoglobin A1c Levels in patients with
diabetes mellitus are predominantly influenced by biological factors (such
as dietary adherence, physical activity, pharmacological therapy, and
metabolic conditions), rather than by a single psychological factor such as
self-compassion.
Creator
Erva Elli Kristanti1* & Dyah Ayu Kartika Wulan Sari1
Source
https://doi.org/10.37363/bnr.2025.64518
Date
27 October 2025
Contributor
peri irawan
Format
pdf
Language
english
Type
text
Files
Collection
Citation
Erva Elli Kristanti1* & Dyah Ayu Kartika Wulan Sari1, “The Relationship Between Self-Criticism and Hemoglobin A1c Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,” Repository Horizon University Indonesia, accessed April 11, 2026, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/items/show/11933.