Development of Korean CARcinogen EXposure: IARC Group 2A
Carcinogens

Development of Korean CARcinogen EXposure: IARC Group 2A
Carcinogens

Cancer
Carcinogen
CAREX
Job-exposure matrix
Occupational exposure

Reliable exposure data are critical for occupational cancer prevention and epidemiological
studies. We developed the Korean CARcinogen EXposure (K-CAREX) to provide exposure prevalence and
intensity for 20 carcinogens classified as Group 1 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer
(IARC). This study extends K-CAREX to include IARC Group 2A agents.
Methods: National data sources, including the Work Environment Measurement Database (WEMD),
Special Health Examination Database (SHED), and Work Environment Condition Survey (WECS), provided basic exposure data. A stepwise estimation approach was employed to refine exposure prevalence
estimates by industry, derived from the WEMD, SHED, and WECS. WEMD was used to estimate exposure
intensity by industry, whereas SHED was used to assess exposure prevalence by occupation. Matched
data, representing workers who wore samplers and underwent health examinations for the same
carcinogen in the same year, were used to estimate exposure intensity by occupation.
Results: A total of 18 IARC Group 2A agents were included. Exposure prevalence was estimated for all 18
carcinogens by industry, and exposure intensity was estimated for 16. The number of exposed workers
was estimated, with 162,153 workers exposed to lead, for example. Exposure prevalence and intensity
were also assessed for 18 and 16 carcinogens, respectively, by occupation.
Conclusion: The K-CAREX database was developed to estimate exposure prevalence and intensity by
industry and occupation for 18 IARC Group 2A agents. These findings provide valuable data for cancer
prevention and epidemiological studies. Future work may expand K-CAREX to include IARC Group 2B
agents and other carcinogenic agents

Dong-Hee Koh 1,*, Sangjun Choi 2,3
, Ju-Hyun Park 4
, Sang-Gil Lee 5
, Hwan-Cheol Kim 6
,
Inah Kim 7
, Jeehee Min 8
, Yujin Kim 5
, Jihye Lee 5
, Dong-Uk Park 9

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1Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2Graduate School of Public Health and Healthcare Management, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea 3 Catholic Institute for Public Health and Healthcare Management, Seoul, Republic of Korea 4Department of Statistics, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 5Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan, Republic of Korea 6Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea 7Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 8Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea 9Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

29 May 2025

Fajar Bagus Wijanarko

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