Incidence, characteristics, and prehospital outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Qatar: a nationwide gender-based investigation

Incidence, characteristics, and prehospital outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Qatar: a nationwide gender-based investigation

OHCA, Incidence, Gender, ROSC, Qatar, Middle East

Abstract
Background Research on incidence and characteristics of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) in the Middle East
is limited. We assessed the incidence, prehospital characteristics, and outcomes of OHCA in Qatar, a Middle Eastern
country. Subsequently, we performed gender-specific analysis.
Methods This was a retrospective examination of data obtained from the OHCA registry at Hamad Medical
Corporation (HMC) in Qatar from 2017 to 2022. We included adults, non-traumatic, EMS-treatment OHCA. We
calculated the incidence of adult OHCA and conducted descriptive analyses for prehospital characteristics, and
prehospital outcomes presented by return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). We evaluated gender differences in
prehospital characteristics and ROSC using Student’s t-test and the Chi-Square test as appropriate. Furthermore, we
conducted a multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate the correlation between gender and achieving
ROSC.
Results We included 4,306 adult OHCA patients, with 869 (20.2%) being females. The mean annual incidence of adult
OHCA was 27.4 per 100,000 population-year. Males had a higher annual incidence of OHCA than females. Among all
cases, 36.3% occurred in a public location, 25.8% had an initial shockable rhythm, and 28.8% achieved ROSC. Males
had a higher proportion of bystander CPR, arrests in public locations, and initial shockable rhythms. While unadjusted
analysis showed no significant gender differences in achieving ROSC, adjusted analysis revealed that male gender was
associated with higher odds of achieving ROSC (adjusted OR male vs. female 1.38, 95% CI 1.15–1.66, p<0.001).
Conclusions Approximately 720 adults undergo non-traumatic OHCA in Qatar every year, with a higher incidence
observed in males. Male gender was associated with higher odds of achieving ROSC. Further gender-specific research
in OHCA intervention and outcome in the Middle East is required.
Keywords OHCA, Incidence, Gender, ROSC, Qatar, Middle East

Emad Awad1,2,3, Hassan Farhat4,5, Rakan Shami2

, Nooreh Gholami2

, Bothina Mortada2

, Niki Rumbolt2
,

Adnaan Azizurrahman2

, Abdul Rahman Arabi6

and Guillaume Alinier4,7,8,9*

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-024-00679-1

2024

Peri Irawan

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