Small cell lung cancer case report: acute tumor lysis syndrome after chemotherapy and management strategies for high-risk
patients

Small cell lung cancer case report: acute tumor lysis syndrome after chemotherapy and management strategies for high-risk
patients

Small cell lung cancer, Tumor Lysis syndrome, Acute renal failure, Hyperuricemia

Abstract
Background In the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), acute tumor lysis syndrome (ATLS) is one of the
oncologic emergencies that requires particular attention. Previous studies have generally indicated that ATLS
increases mortality risk during treatm ent. Therefore, early identification of ATLS, along with proactive prevention and
symptomatic management, is particularly crucial.
Methods In this report, we detail the clinical management of a patient with SCLC and multiple metastases who
was identified as being at relatively high risk for ATLS due to a large tumor burden and concurrent liver and kidney
dysfunction.
Results Despite rapid tumor progression, the treatment team implemented aggressive hydration and urine
alkalinization as pretreatment measures and personalized dose-reduced chemotherapy based on the standard EC
regimen. Nevertheless, the patient developed ATLS, which progressed rapidly, and despite intensive treatment, the
condition remained irreversible.
Conclusion This case highlights that in some SCLC patients, pre-chemotherapy evaluation reveals a higher risk
for tumor lysis syndrome, and adjusting treatment strategies for these patients requires further investigation. This
suggests that managing such high-risk patients in clinical practice requires more cases and optimized treatment
strategies to guide management. Therefore, this case is presented to offer insights into this perspective.
Clinical trial number Not applicable.
Keywords Small cell lung cancer, Tumor Lysis syndrome, Acute renal failure, Hyperuricemia

Ying Han1,4*†, Peng Yue2,3† and Zuguo Yuan1

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-025-00879-3

2025

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