Comparison of the effects of inhalant furosemide, oxygen therapy, and placebo in patients with acute dyspnea referredto emergency departments by EMS in various hospitals in Tehran
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Title
Comparison of the effects of inhalant furosemide, oxygen therapy, and placebo in patients with acute dyspnea referredto emergency departments by EMS in various hospitals in Tehran
Subject
Inhalant furosemide, Placebo, Nebulizer, Dyspnea
Description
Abstract
Background Acute dyspnea is a common presentation in emergency departments (EDs), which is one of the main
complaints of the patients. There is an urgent need for an effective treatment plan for dyspnea. This study aims to
compare the efficacy of inhalant furosemide, oxygen therapy, and placebo in patients with acute dyspnea referred to
EDs in Tehran by Emergency Medical Services (EMS).
Methods This randomized clinical trial included patients aged 18 to 75 who experienced acute dyspnea and were
delivered to the ED by EMS during 2021 and 2022. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups:
inhalant furosemide, oxygen therapy, or placebo (distilled water) which every group received the medication before
entering EDs in a prehospital setting.
Results The mean age of patients was 52.63±20.48 years including 124 women (47.7%) and 136 men (52.3%). Our
finding indicates that dyspnea intensity, heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation showed no significant
differences among the groups (p-value). However, these parameters significantly improved in both the treatment and
placebo groups (p-value). The mean degree of dyspnea in the furosemide group was lower than that in the other two
groups, although the difference was not statistically significant. Hospitalization duration was significantly shorter in
the furosemide group compared to the oxygen therapy and placebo groups. Conversely, ICU admission duration was
significantly shorter in the oxygen therapy group than in the other two groups. Patient satisfaction levels did not differ
significantly across groups.
Conclusion The main effect of inhalant Furosemide in this study was reducing the patient’s length of hospitalization.
It seems that Furosemide can have positive effects and can be used as a cure according to its low side effects, alsothis drug isn’t expensive and its mechanism of action, side effects, and pharmacokinetics have been shown and
understood.
Trial registration This study was registered with the IUMS Ethics Committee, receiving the ethical code (IR.IUMS.
REC.1399.632), it was also listed in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trails (IRCT20151003024317N12) on November the
10th, 2020.
Keywords Inhalant furosemide, Placebo, Nebulizer, Dyspnea
Background Acute dyspnea is a common presentation in emergency departments (EDs), which is one of the main
complaints of the patients. There is an urgent need for an effective treatment plan for dyspnea. This study aims to
compare the efficacy of inhalant furosemide, oxygen therapy, and placebo in patients with acute dyspnea referred to
EDs in Tehran by Emergency Medical Services (EMS).
Methods This randomized clinical trial included patients aged 18 to 75 who experienced acute dyspnea and were
delivered to the ED by EMS during 2021 and 2022. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups:
inhalant furosemide, oxygen therapy, or placebo (distilled water) which every group received the medication before
entering EDs in a prehospital setting.
Results The mean age of patients was 52.63±20.48 years including 124 women (47.7%) and 136 men (52.3%). Our
finding indicates that dyspnea intensity, heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation showed no significant
differences among the groups (p-value). However, these parameters significantly improved in both the treatment and
placebo groups (p-value). The mean degree of dyspnea in the furosemide group was lower than that in the other two
groups, although the difference was not statistically significant. Hospitalization duration was significantly shorter in
the furosemide group compared to the oxygen therapy and placebo groups. Conversely, ICU admission duration was
significantly shorter in the oxygen therapy group than in the other two groups. Patient satisfaction levels did not differ
significantly across groups.
Conclusion The main effect of inhalant Furosemide in this study was reducing the patient’s length of hospitalization.
It seems that Furosemide can have positive effects and can be used as a cure according to its low side effects, alsothis drug isn’t expensive and its mechanism of action, side effects, and pharmacokinetics have been shown and
understood.
Trial registration This study was registered with the IUMS Ethics Committee, receiving the ethical code (IR.IUMS.
REC.1399.632), it was also listed in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trails (IRCT20151003024317N12) on November the
10th, 2020.
Keywords Inhalant furosemide, Placebo, Nebulizer, Dyspnea
Creator
Mahdi Rezai1† , Danyal Yarahmadi6† , Mojde Mirkheshti2
, Mehrad Aghili3
, Reza Mosadegh4
,
Kourosh Javdani Esfehani5
, Saeed Abbasi4
and Fatemeh Naseri Rad6*
, Mehrad Aghili3
, Reza Mosadegh4
,
Kourosh Javdani Esfehani5
, Saeed Abbasi4
and Fatemeh Naseri Rad6*
Date
2025
Contributor
Peri Irawan
Format
pdf
Language
english
Type
text
Files
Collection
Citation
Mahdi Rezai1† , Danyal Yarahmadi6† , Mojde Mirkheshti2
, Mehrad Aghili3
, Reza Mosadegh4
,
Kourosh Javdani Esfehani5
, Saeed Abbasi4
and Fatemeh Naseri Rad6*, “Comparison of the effects of inhalant furosemide, oxygen therapy, and placebo in patients with acute dyspnea referredto emergency departments by EMS in various hospitals in Tehran,” Repository Horizon University Indonesia, accessed April 22, 2026, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/items/show/13229.