Qualitative development and content validation of the “SPART” model; a focused ethnography study of observable diagnostic and therapeutic activities in the emergency medical services care process
Dublin Core
Title
Qualitative development and content validation of the “SPART” model; a focused ethnography study of observable diagnostic and therapeutic activities in the emergency medical services care process
Subject
SPART, Emergency medical services, EMS care process, Paramedic process, Ambulances
Description
Background: Clinical reasoning is a crucial task within the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) care process. Both
contextual and cognitive factors make the task susceptible to errors. Understanding the EMS care process’ structure
could help identify and address issues that interfere with clinical reasoning. The EMS care process is complex and
only basically described.
In this research, we aimed to define the different phases of the process and develop an overarching model that
can help detect and correct potential error sources, improve clinical reasoning and optimize patient care.
Methods: We conducted a focused ethnography study utilizing non-participant video observations of real-life EMS
deployments combined with thematic analysis of peer interviews.
After an initial qualitative analysis of 7 video observations, we formulated a tentative conceptual model of the EMS
care process. To test and refine this model, we carried out a qualitative, thematic analysis of 28 video-recorded
cases. We validated the resulting model by evaluating its recognizability with a peer content analysis utilizing semistructured interviews.
Results: Based on real-life observations, we were able to define and validate a model covering the distinct phases
of an EMS deployment. We have introduced the acronym “SPART” to describe ten different phases: Start, Situation,
Prologue, Presentation, Anamnesis, Assessment, Reasoning, Resolution, Treatment, and Transfer.
Conclusions: The “SPART” model describes the EMS care process and helps to understand it. We expect it to
facilitate identifying and addressing factors that influence both the care process and the clinical reasoning task
embedded in this process.
contextual and cognitive factors make the task susceptible to errors. Understanding the EMS care process’ structure
could help identify and address issues that interfere with clinical reasoning. The EMS care process is complex and
only basically described.
In this research, we aimed to define the different phases of the process and develop an overarching model that
can help detect and correct potential error sources, improve clinical reasoning and optimize patient care.
Methods: We conducted a focused ethnography study utilizing non-participant video observations of real-life EMS
deployments combined with thematic analysis of peer interviews.
After an initial qualitative analysis of 7 video observations, we formulated a tentative conceptual model of the EMS
care process. To test and refine this model, we carried out a qualitative, thematic analysis of 28 video-recorded
cases. We validated the resulting model by evaluating its recognizability with a peer content analysis utilizing semistructured interviews.
Results: Based on real-life observations, we were able to define and validate a model covering the distinct phases
of an EMS deployment. We have introduced the acronym “SPART” to describe ten different phases: Start, Situation,
Prologue, Presentation, Anamnesis, Assessment, Reasoning, Resolution, Treatment, and Transfer.
Conclusions: The “SPART” model describes the EMS care process and helps to understand it. We expect it to
facilitate identifying and addressing factors that influence both the care process and the clinical reasoning task
embedded in this process.
Creator
Bert Dercksen , Michel M. R. F. Struys, Fokie Cnossen and Wolter Paans
Publisher
BMC Emergency Medicine
Date
(2021) 21:135
Contributor
Fajar bagus W
Format
PDF
Language
English
Type
Text
Files
Collection
Citation
Bert Dercksen , Michel M. R. F. Struys, Fokie Cnossen and Wolter Paans, “Qualitative development and content validation of the “SPART” model; a focused ethnography study of observable diagnostic and therapeutic activities in the emergency medical services care process,” Repository Horizon University Indonesia, accessed February 6, 2025, https://repository.horizon.ac.id/items/show/3913.