JURNAL INTERNASIONAL KEBIDANAN 2020-2023 UNIVERSITAS KEDOKTERAN GUILAN VOLUME 31 ISSUE 1.
JOURNAL OF HOLISTIC NURSING OF MIDWIFERY
A Comparative Study on Psychosocial Factors Between Mothers of Infants With and Without Physical Abnormalities

JURNAL INTERNASIONAL KEBIDANAN 2020-2023 UNIVERSITAS KEDOKTERAN GUILAN VOLUME 31 ISSUE 1.
JOURNAL OF HOLISTIC NURSING OF MIDWIFERY
A Comparative Study on Psychosocial Factors Between Mothers of Infants With and Without Physical Abnormalities

Congenital anomalies, Psychosocial variables, Mothers

Introduction: Congenital anomalies are one of the most important causes of disability and

mortality in childhood seen in developing and developed countries. Mothers with physically-
abnormal newborns have unfavorable lifestyle compared to mothers with healthy infants.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the difference between mothers of infants
with and without physical abnormalities in terms of psychosocial factors.
Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study with two study groups; the case
group (n=133) consists of mothers who had babies with birth defects referred to health
centers in Amol city, Iran for postnatal care in 2018. The control group (n=133) included
mothers with healthy infants in this city. They were selected using a convenience sampling
method. Measurement tools included a Socio-demographic form, Health-Promoting
Lifestyle Profile (HPLP), Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MPSSS), Coping
Strategies Scale - Short Form (CSS-SF), Prenatal Distress Questionnaire (PDQ), and General
Health Questionnaire - Short Form (GHQ-SF). Data were analyzed using descriptive
statistics, chi-square test, and t-test.
Results: A total of 266 mothers with a mean age of 31.9±5.6 years were examined. There
was a significant difference between the two groups of mothers in terms of overall HPLP
score (P=0.01), and its dimensions of spiritual growth (P<0.05), physical activity, nutrition
(P=0.01), and stress management (P<0.05). Moreover, a significant difference was reported
between them in terms of MPSSS and its dimensions of social support from friends, family,
and significant others (P=0.01). Furthermore, There was a significant difference between
them with respect to GHQ dimensions of anxiety/insomnia, and depression (P<0.01); CSS
dimensions of escape avoidance and emotion-focused coping strategies (P=0.01); and PDQ
and its dimensions of concerns about the delivery and the health of the baby, and about the
body weight/image (P=0.01).
Conclusion: Mothers of infants with and without birth defects are significantly different
from each other in terms of psychosocial factors. It seems that poor psychosocial variables in
mothers during pregnancy can act as a risk factor for congenital anomalies.

Mahtab Ranjbar , Ebrahim Masoudnia , Mohsen Haghshenas Mojaveri

January 2021, Volume 31, Number 1

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